Development of Decorative Coconut Leaf Stick "Ting-Ting" Tiles As Wood Tiles

Development of Decorative Coconut Leaf Stick “ting-ting” Tiles as Wood
Tiles
A Feasibility Study
Presented to the Faculty of the College of Engineering
Laguna State Polytechnic University
Main Campus
Santa Cruz, Laguna
In Partial Fulfillment
Of the Requirements for Degree of
Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering
ALARVA, NELSON J.
FERNANDEZ, PATRIC JAMES C.
TAMBAN, JULIUS E.
March 2014
Republic of the Philippines
Main Campus
Santa Cruz, Laguna
Tel.No.810-4410
APPROVAL SHEET
The research study entitled “Development of Decorative Coconut Leaf Stick

“ting-ting” Tiles as Wood Tiles” prepared and submitted by Nelson J. Alarva, Patric
James C. Fernandez, Julius E. Tamban in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the
degree of Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering is hereby recommended for approval
and acceptance.
Date MICHAEL M. CRUZ, RCE

Thesis Adviser
Approved and accepted by the committees on oral examination with the grade of
MALVIN JAMES A. CHING, RCE MA. ERLYN L. EROLES, PECE

Subject Specialist Technical Editor
ROMMEL M. TABIGAY M.A.T. JOSEPHINE VILLAMIN M.A.

Language Critic Statistician
REVELINA C. ANSAY, RCE, RSE

Chairman
Accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for degree of Bachelor of

Science in Civil Engineering.
Date REVELINA C. ANSAY, RCE, RSE

Dean, College of Engineering
EVELYN B. NAPIZA ROBERT C. AGATEP, PH. D.

Registrar Director for Research and Development
Research Contribution No.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We would like to make this opportunity to acknowledge the following
persons whom in different special ways, largely contributed for the development
of this research study.
Our deep appreciation to our respective parents that never failed to
support us during the development of the research.
To President Nestor M. De Vera Ph. D., for fulfilling the jobs and actions
to make the students of Laguna State Polytechnic University satisfied in the
University.
The advisers, Engr. Malvin James Ching and Engr. Jose Ben Pujol Jr.,
for the support, Ideas and knowledge shared to us throughout the process.
Mr. Rommel M. Tabigay our Language critic for patiently correcting the
standard of writing and for the improvement of our manuscript.
Ms. Josephine Villamin for our statistician who intelligently interpreted
the data’s and results of our findings.
Engr. Michael M. Cruz, as our thesis adviser for giving us some
guidelines and tips in making this research study.
Assistant Dean Erlyn Eroles for the advices, and help of improving our
research study.
Of course to Dean Revelina C. Ansay for the considerations, and helping
us in arranging the research study.

To our family, relatives, advisers, friends, and close friends, who inspired
us to finish and gave us the perseverance and determination in order to finish
this work, thank you.
Above all, this would never be made possible without the guidance and
blessings of our Almighty GOD.
Thank You So Much!
N.J.A.
P.J.C.F.
J.E.T.
DEDICATION
This research study is dedicated to Almighty God, who’s the source of
inspiration, strength and encouragement to make the study possible.
To my parents, Mr. Florencio V. Alarva and Mrs. Alejandrina J. Alarva, who
gave me the determination to fulfill my ideas and thoughts that help me succeed
this study, also to their financial and moral support.
To my brothers Aldrin J. Alarva, Lorenzo J. Alarva, Adriano J. Alarva, for the
love and support
To my closes friends who’s also my co – member, Mr. Patric James C.
Fernandez and Mr. Julius E. Tamban for their perseverance and determination
that gives immeasurable effort and understanding.
To Ms. Ruby Hana C. Berano, for giving me immeasurable support and for
giving me inspiration.
To BSCE – 5B, and Masa Boys most especially to Mr. Aaron N. Silvania for
giving me confidence and ideas to make this study possible.
And to all the person’s around us who gave courage and inspired me to finish
this study
N. J. A.
DEDICATION
The completion of this developmental study is dedicated to the following persons
who gave their support to me:
To God who gave me the wisdom and knowledge to finish this study.
To my parents: Mr. Ramil P. Fernandez and Mrs. Zenaida C. Fernandez
for love, financial, and moral support to me.
To my brother: Russell C. Fernandez, who is patiently waiting me before
going to bed.
To my girlfriend: Ms. Wyeth N. Lumidao, for the moral support,
motivation and also served as inspiration to me to make this study a reality.
To my thesis adviser: Engr. Michael M. Cruz for his, suggestions,
knowledge, and guidance.
To my group mates: Mr. Nelson J. Alarva, and Mr. Julius E. Tamban for
having a great teamwork to finish this study.
To BSCE 5-B Family for sharing the fun and enjoyment while making the
study.
And to all my friends who gave me moral support to finish this study.
P.J.C.F
DEDICATION
This whole research study is dedicated to our one and only God, who
provided all the needs of the researcher in this study.
To my parents: Mr. Santiago and Mrs. Victoria Tamban, for support,
guidance and love to me.
To my sisters: Jenedee, Senaida, Seny Joy, Jasmin Tamban and also
to his brother Jonathan Tamban, for love and making me happy when he’s at
home.
To my group mates: Mr. Nelson J. Alarva and Mr. Patric James C.
Fernandez for their great efforts to make this study possible.
To BSCE-5B Family, who helped and inspired me to accomplish this
study.
And to all the people around us for their support in this study that made it
possible.
J.E.T
ABSTRACT
The study is entitled “Development of Decorative Coconut Leaf Stick “ting-
ting” Tiles as Wood Tiles”. A developmental material for wood tile. It aims to
develop the study of “ting – ting” as a new material for universal indoor tiles.
Universal indoor tile as for wall, floor, ceiling, and could be used as material or
decoration for furniture. Because our country is one of the largest producer of
coconuts in the world and the uses of coconut tree from the leaves down to roots
became popular. Lots of products are made from its various parts such as the
use of Coconut Tree products for building houses, decors, and even medicine
that can be produced from its roots or Coconut Water.
The researchers were triggered to come up with a developmental method
for the said product, to prove its potential to become more usable as other
construction materials.
Several manual tests were conducted by the researchers to acquire
information about the product. Through the test results, they come up with one
conclusion that Coconut leaf stick was durable and unique enough, and therefore
suitable in making a decorative wall tile, because of its durability as a
construction material and its unique design. The design of the top and bottom
layer of the coconut leaf stick tile gives more strength to the product.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PRELIMINARIES PAGE
TITLE PAGE…………………………………………………………………….i
APPROVAL SHEET…………………………………………………………...ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS……………………………………..……………..iii
DEDICATION……………………………….………………………..……..…v
ABSTRACT…………………………………………………………………...viii
TABLE OF CONTENTS…………………………………………………..…..ix
LIST OF TABLES ……………………………………………………...........xii
LIST OF FIGURES………………………………………………….............xiii
CHAPTER
I THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND………………………….…..1
Introduction…………………………………………….…………….…1
Background of the Study………………………………… …………...2
Literature Review ………………………….………….…..…………..3
Related Study ………………………………………………………….8
Conceptual Framework………………………………….. ………….12
Objective of the Study ……………………………………….………13
Assumptions .…………………………………………………...…….13
Significance of the Study…………………………………………….14
Scope and Limitations……………………………………………......14
Definition of Terms …………………………………………………..15

II PROJECT DESIGN ……………………………………………………,………….17
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY………………………………….………….17
Research Design …………………………………………………….17
Subject of the Study ………………………………………….……...17
Population and Sampling ………………………………….…….…..18
DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE……………………………….…….….19
Supplies and Materials ……………………………………………...19
Tools and Equipment’s.……………………………………….……..19
Construction Procedures ……………………………………….…..20
Try-out and Revisions …………………………………………..…..21
Manual Test …………………………………………………...……..22
Evaluation of Results …………………………………………….….27
Construction Time Frame.……………………………………..…....30
Research Instrument …………………………………………..…....31
Statistical Treatment ……………………………………………......32
III DISCUSSION ……………………………………………...................................33
Product Description …………………………………………………………33
Production Schedule ………………………………………………………..33
Product Design ………………………………………………………..…….34
Production Development …………………………………………………..36
Marketing Strategies ………………………………………………….…….37
Resource Management ………………………………………………….…39
Cost and Return Analysis ………………………………….………………40

Cost of Operation ……………………………………………………...……41
Analysis and Interpretation of Data ……………………………………….44
IV SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS.......48
Summary……………………………………………………………………...48
Findings……………………………………………………………………….48
Conclusions.………………………………………………………………….50
Recommendations ……………………………………………………….....51
APPENDICES………………………………………………………………………...52
Appendix A……………………………………………………………….…...53
Appendix B…………………………………………………………….……...55
Appendix C……………………………………………………………………56
Appendix D……………………………………………………………………57
Appendix E……………………………………………………………………58
Appendix F……………………………………………………………………59
Appendix G………………………………………………………………...…61
BIBLIOGRAPHY…………………………………………. …………………………62
A. Websites ……………………………………… …………………………63
B. Books ……………………………………………………………….…….64
C. Unpublished Materials ………………………….………………………65
CURRICULUM VITAE………………………………………………………………66
WAIVER ……………………………………………………………………………...76
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1: Try-out and Revisions …………………….………………………………21
Table 2: Swelling Test Results …………………………………………….……….22
Table 3: Absorption Test Results ………………….……………………….….…..23
Table 4: Fire-resistance Test Results ………………….…………………….…...24
Table 5: Breaking Test Results ………………………………………………..…..26
Table 6: Gantt Chart ………………………………...………………………………30
Table 7: Five – Point Rating Scale..………………………………………………..31
Table 8: Production Schedule …………………………………………….…….….33
Table 9: Cost of Production ………………………………………………………...40
Table 10: Value of Computation of Cost and Return Analysis …………………41
Table 11: Cost and Return of Coconut Leaf Stick Tile …………………….…....43
Table 12: Comparative Analysis of Coconut Ting-Ting Wood Tile and other
Commercial Tiles …………………………………………………..………………..43
Table 13: Data Results for Marketability ………….……………………………...44
Table 14: Data Results for Quality ……………….……………..…………….…..45
Table 15: Data Results for Strength ……………….……………………………..46

LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1: Paradigm of the Study ………………………………………….…….....12
Figure 2: Photos of Swelling Test………………………………………………….23
Figure 3: Photos of Swelling Test……………………………………………….....23
Figure 4: Photos of Absorption Test……………………………………………….24
Figure 5: Photos of Absorption Test…………………………………………….…24
Figure 6: Photos of Fire-resistance Test ……………………………………….…25
Figure 7: Photos of Fire-resistance Test ……………………………………..…..25
Figure 8: Photos of Breaking Test……………………………………….………...27
Figure 9: Photos of Breaking Test………………………………………………….27
Figure 10: Isometric View of the Tile……………………………………….……....34
Figure 11: Top View of the Tile………………………………………..…….…...…35
Figure 12: Production Schedule..…………………………………………..……....36

CHAPTER I
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
This chapter contains the Introduction, Background of the study,
Conceptual framework, Significance of the study, Statement of the Problem,
Scope and Limitations of the study, as well as the Definition of Terms.
Introduction
Philippines is one of the largest producer of coconuts in the world.
The uses of coconut tree from the leaves down to roots are its main benefits for
many ages on tropical countries and slowly got introduce to other civilization.
Wide variety of products can be derived from its various parts such as the use of
Coconut Tree products for building houses, decors, and even medicine that can
be produced from its roots or Coconut Water.
One of the materials that came from the coconut tree is the coconut broom
stick, this is made from leaf stick of the coconut. This is used by most Filipinos as
one of the equipment used in the backyard. These coconut sticks are weak but
when bonded together it is very hard to bend and to break. This fact gave the
idea to the researchers to develop this study to bind the coconut sticks together
using a wood adhesive to form a tile. Because of its essentiality and availability in
the Philippines, it gives the researchers an initiative to broaden the use of

coconut leaf stick from a simple stick to other forms of wall tile, wood parquet,
and home furniture.
Background of the Study
For these past few years many researcher have tried to use many part of
the coconut as a new product. They produced lumbers out of the trunk of the
coconut tree, oils and medicine from its roots and fruits, and coconut husk used
in tree planting.
One of the popular contributions of the coconut tree is the coconut lumber
also called coco-lumber. The lumber is made from the finest trunk of the coconut
tree. Coconut wood can be a promising material for the manufacture of furniture,
novelties and other handicrafts due to its beautiful grain and attractive natural
appearance. Coconut wood products which include furniture, decorative interior
walls, parquet floors can have a potential share not only in the domestic but also
in the world markets.
One of the reason why people nowadays do not prefer to use wood tiles is
because of its expensive price and maintenance. Developing a new alternative
material for wood tiles with a cheaper price will surely become competitive in the
market. This time the researcher used the coconut leaf stick as an alternative to
wood tiles. Coconut “ting-ting” may be weak in one piece but when bonded
together it will very hard to break. These coconut leaf sticks were bonded
together using a wood adhesive (stikwel wood glue).

Literature Review
Developmental Study
Development study is offered as a specialized Master's degree in a
number of universities, and, less commonly, as an undergraduate degree. It has
grown in popularity as a subject of study since the early 1990s, and has been
most widely taught and researched in the third world and in countries with a
colonial history, such as the UK, where development studies originated.
Students of development studies often choose careers in international
organizations such as the United Nations or the World Bank, non-governmental
organizations, private sector development consultancy firms, and research
centers. (A – 10)
Coconut
The coconut palm (Cocos nucifera, L.) has multifarious uses. It is
often described as a tree of life and is one of the most important crops in the
tropics. It is also considered as one of the world's most beautiful trees. Practically
all parts of the coconut can be manufactured into commercial products. The
coconut provides food, shelter and fuel especially in countries in Asia and the
Pacific where it is abundantly grown. Unlike the many uses of the coconut fruits
and the leaves, it is perhaps not very well known that the coconut stem is equally
useful. It gives some characteristics of the tree and its wood relevant to
utilization. The possibility of utilizing the coconut palm wood on a commercial

scale has been recognized only in the last decade or so, although usage of wood
from palm species has been known by people in the villages since time
immemorial. In more recent times, coconut palm wood has been successfully
utilized in a number of coconut growing countries such as the Philippines,
Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Fiji, the Tonga Islands and many others. (A – 1)
Leaf Stick “ting – ting”
A number of recyclable bio materials are available which can be used as
a raw material base for production of alternate products to wood and wood
composites. A number of useful products have been developed rice husk,
coconut husk, cotton stalk, bagasse and pined needle. (Journal of Indian
academy of wood science December 2011)
Likewise, with the availability of materials and large area of Coconut
plantation, the researchers arise to develop the study and improve the uses of
Coconut Leaf Stick “ting – ting”.
Wood Tile
A tile is a manufactured piece of hardwearing material such as ceramic,
stone, wood, metal, or even glass. Tiles are generally used for
covering roofs, floors, walls, showers, or other objects such as tabletops.
Alternatively, tile can sometimes refer to similar units made from lightweight
materials such as perlite, wood, and mineral wool, typically used for wall and
ceiling applications.
With hardwood flooring you are not stuck with a certain color or shade
because they have different natural patterns, with no two hardwood floors being
exactly alike. This type of flooring is tough, strong, and even if you put or drop
something heavy on the floor, you do not have to worry about it getting dented or
scratched.
With hardwood floors, if you are tired of the color, you can sand and
refinish them several times. Another big advantage is that if you decide to sell
your home, hardwood floors will increase the value of your home and help the
home to sell faster. It is very versatile and can be used with any type of décor or
style. (A – 9)
Alternative Material
The biggest disadvantage of using a wood tile is the expense because
only natural materials are used and people with a limited budget may not be able
to afford hardwood flooring. Since it is a bit time-consuming to install since they
have to be laid in strips. Most people have it professionally installed, so there is
another added expense. Hardwood flooring can be swept and damp mopped or
cleaned with a wood floor cleaner but over time it will lose its shine so that means
that you have to wax it using a special machine. (A – 2)
The researchers observed that Coconut leaf stick is a cheap wood
material that can possibly create a tile with high durability and match the qualities
of expensive wood tiles in the market.

Manpower
Rapid population growth has also depressed development in the rural
areas. Agricultural land area per farmer has decreased. Also, the average wage
of farmers in the rural area has increased, even though agricultural production
increased. The marginal productivity of farm labor decrease as population
increased rapidly on a limited resource base. The coconut production decreased
to 2.5 million this 2012 compared to the highest rate of 2.8 million last 2001.
(A – 3)
It is related to the study because the construction procedure of the wood
tile was done manually with manpower.
Cost
Coconut wood has proven to be comparable to conventional wood in
terms of durability, sturdiness, and versatility often at a considerably lower cost.
The use of coconut wood as a substitute material for building construction could
bring down the cost of housing units. This is because its cost is half or a little
more than half the price of conventional wood.
The key to profitability in the utilization of coconut wood, given availability
of raw material supply and product demand, is the mechanical conversion of
coconut logs into lumber.
(A – 4)
Tools and Equipment’s
A tool is any physical item that can be used to achieve a goal, especially
of the item is nit consume in the process. Informally the word is also used to
describe a procedure or process with a specific purpose.
The digital compression testing machine has been designed to meet the
need for a simple, economic and reliable means to test concrete for its
compressive strength. The digital indicator incorporates 4-Digits display
calibrated in kilo newton (KN) and preset to maximum load capacity fitted with
micro switches to switch off the motor when the load approaches the maximum
capacity of the gauge, avoiding any other loading. Relays are incorporated so
that the motor does not restart on its own power breakdown. The electrically
operated pumping units are provided with a control knob to adjust the pace rate
which can be effectively controlled by an experienced operator during the course
of testing, by observing the progress of the digital indicator readings. (A – 5)
Supplies and Materials
The Supplies and Materials budget category applies to consumable
supplies, regardless of cost, and equipment with a unit value of under $5,000 or
a useful life of under two years. Supplies should be listed by general type such
as wood or glassware.
General office supplies, such as paper, staples, pencils and pens and
non-capital equipment such as laptop computers, are generally not allowable on
federal grants unless they can be directly allocated to specific project and are
fully explained in the budget justification. This budget category can be supported
by general descriptions of the type of supplies included and a best estimate of
their cost. (A – 6)
Related Study
Developmental Study
This developmental study is focused to develop and study one of the parts
of the coconut tree. Because of its large plantation of coconut tree the
researchers come up with the conclusion that one of the parts of this tree can be
more useful if it can develop to an alternative wooden tile.
This developmental study focuses to have an alternative material as an
alternative to the wood that has the same properties, strength, and its more
available than the wood tile in the market.
Coconut
Coconut wood has been proven to be a good substitute for many
conventional woods. Like conventional wood, the coconut stem is durable, sturdy
and versatile and can often be used at a considerably lower cost. The cost of
coconut wood is only about half – or a little more than half – the price of
conventional wood traditionally used for structural purposes (APCC 2000).
This fact is especially attractive to countries with limited budgets for
housing for their growing populations. There is, therefore, a need to study the
situation and prospects for coconut wood utilization in a country, if it wishes to
develop that industry. A vast resource of coconut wood is available throughout
the tropical countries of the world. This resource could be derived from millions of
over-mature or senescent coconut palms.
Leaf Stick “ting – ting”
Coconut leaf stick most common known as walis ting – ting are used by
many Filipinos in housekeeping, this material has a widely variety and plantation.
With the quotations that the coconut tree is a tree of life because every
parts of this tree can be useful in everyday life, by that the researchers tried to
develop one of its parts so that it may be useful as construction materials.
Wood Tile
From the Ariana Ceramica Italiana collection, they explore a relatively new
but seemingly popular element in interior design: wood look tiling. Despite their
convincing hardwood aesthetic, these images actually feature ceramic floor and
wall tiles. Some of the obvious benefits relate to cleaning and maintenance, their
environmentally friendly appeal and their ability to accommodate under floor
heating. Being a more sustainable product than wood that is still illegally
harvested from forests in the developing world, it is conceivable that as the
popularity and subsequent production of the wood look tile increases, the cost
will decrease and even in their infancy, they are proving to be a generally less
expensive product than traditional hardwood floors. (A – 7)

Coconut palm trees here in the Country has many population, thus
researchers came up with a conclusion to use one of this parts to use it more
reliable.
This alternative material can be a substitute to the wood so that it helps
the environment to lessen the use of wood materials in construction.
Manpower
Coconut production constitutes one of the four major sectors of
Philippine agriculture, the others being rice, corn and sugar. About 85% of
coconut production is exported in the form of copra, coconut oil and desiccated
coconut.
The coconut industry is a dominant sector of Philippine agriculture. The
country has the world’s widest geographical area planted to coconut. Of the 12
million hectares of farmlands, 3.1M hectare is devoted to coconut and 68 out of
79 provinces are coconut areas. The Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao
(ARMM) has a land area of 284,223 hectares planted with coconuts with over
32M coconut bearing trees and 88,956 documented coco farmers.
Of the five (5) provinces of ARMM, the province of Basilan has the biggest
coconut areas with 67,763 hectares, followed by Sulu with 66,902 hectares, then
the province of Maguindanao with 63,122 hectares, Lanao Del Sur with 55,150
hectares and Tawi-Tawi with 40,056 hectares (PCA-BAS).

Cost
Coconut wood has proven to be comparable to conventional wood in
terms of durability, sturdiness, and versatility often at a considerably lower cost.
The use of coconut wood as a substitute material for building construction could
bring down the cost of housing units. This is because its cost is half or a little
more than half the price of conventional wood.
The key to profitability in the utilization of coconut wood, given availability
of raw material supply and product demand is the mechanical conversion of
coconut logs into lumber. (A – 8)
The uses of the tools and equipment in our project is to measure, form,
press, flatten, and for the finishing of the Coconut leaf stick wood tiles. To sum it
up, the usage of it is to make the product possible and to produce a good quality
product.
The uses of the supplies and materials in our project is to attain the
properties of the wood tile with the help of materials such as stikwel(wood glue)
to tightened the coconut leaf stick and hardened it like a wood, Sand paper to
smooth the surface of the product as smooth as wood tile, Varnish to give the
product glossy look, like the wood tile available in the market.
Conceptual Framework
In the light of foregoing study the conceptual framework was represented
in the form of paradigm.
Independent Variable Dependent Variable
Coconut Leaf Stick

“ting-ting”
Manpower
Development of
Cost
Frame 1
Decorative Coconut
Tools and Leaf Stick “Ting-
Equipment’s Ting” Wood Tile
Supplies
Frame1 and Frame 2
Materials
Figure 1: Paradigm of the study
Frame 1 show the independent variables which consist of the alternative
material, tools and equipment’s.
Frame 2 shows the dependent variable consists of the Coconut Leaf stick tile.
Objective of the study
This study aimed to attain the following objectives:
1. To determine the level of strength and durability of the Coconut leaf
stick “ting-ting” as main materials of a wood tile in terms the following
testing:
a) Swelling test
b) Absorption test
c) Fire-resistance test
d) Breaking test
2. To determine the acceptability of decorative wood tile in terms of the
following:
a) Marketability
b) Quality
c) Strength
Assumptions
1. The alternative material is economical.
2. The product can match the strength of other wood tiles.
3. The product can resist swelling, absorbs less water, and not easily
burned.
Significance of the study
The results of the study will be beneficial to the following:
University
This study will contribute to the university’s research and
development program
Students
The results of this developmental study may give the
students insights which would encourage them to improve and
enhance the study and development on producing quality
alternative materials and in making new products.
Future Researcher
This study will help the future researchers who would like to
use this as basis of their own study.
Scope and limitations
This is a developmental study and was limited only in terms of using
coconut leaf stick in making tile.
In this developmental study the researchers only focused on testing the
main material to prove if it is feasible in making a quality wood tile. The
researchers conducted swelling test, absorption test, fire-resistance test, and
Breaking test for the purpose of obtaining the data on the efficiency of the wood
tile. The product is an indoor tile. The tile size can be customized, but in this
developmental study the researchers only used 6x6 inch and 0.4inch thick tile
dimension with 0.175kg of weight for test purposes.
The researcher used weighted mean and standard deviation as statistical
tool for the acceptability of the wood tile. The survey was conducted at Santa,
Laguna. Evaluation was conducted through school, hardware, and construction
firms. During the survey, the respondents were given questionnaires to be
answered. Respondents with a total of 10 selected and random were involved in
the test.
Definition of Terms
The terms are defined comprehensively and operationally.
Absorption Test –Type of test where in the product is expose directly to
water for 24 hours, this test is made to know if the product absorb too
much water.
Breaking Test – This type of test is made to test the product strength and
durability by continuously subjecting rock and water loads until the product
fail and break.
Coconut Leaf Stick “Ting-Ting” – Used as the main material to the
wood tile.
Cost – This refers to the total cost of the product for the whole project.
Decorative Wood tile – This refers to construction material that the
researchers develop.
Fire – Resistance Test – Test where in the tile is subjected to a medium
fire, this type of test is made to test if the product has a capability to resist
fire.
Manpower – The labor constructs the Coconut Leaf stick wood tile.
Sanding Sealer- Used to seal the holes and uneven shape of the wood
tile.
Sand Paper- Used to even and remove roughness to the surface of the
wood tile.
Solignum- Used to prevent the product from decaying and parasites that
may damage the product.
Stikwel – Used as a wood adhesive to bind the coconut leaf sticks
together to produce a wood tile.
Supplies and Materials – This includes the Coconut walis “ting – Ting”,
wood glue, sanding sealer, solignum, polyurethane, and varnish that are
needed for the construction of the project.
Swelling Test – Type of test where in the product is exposed directly to
water for 24 hours, this test is made to know if the product has a high
resistivity to swelling.
Tools and Equipment’s – This includes meter, sandpaper, scissors, paint
brush, saw, bolo, and needed for this project in particular it comprises of
different elements having different purposes.
Varnish- Used to create a glossy and elegant look to the tile and also
serve as a protection for scratches.

CHAPTER II
PROJECT DESIGN
This chapter explains the procedures that the researchers used to conduct
this study. This includes the research design, subject of the study, population and
sampling, supplies and materials, tools and equipment, construction procedures,
schedule of activities and computations, construction time frame (GANTT
CHART), research instrument and statistical treatment.
Research Methodology
Research Design
This is a developmental method study of decorative coconut leaf stick
“ting-ting” wood tile. The researchers developed this study in order to enhance
the use of coconut leaf stick as a new material for wood tiles, and to be engage
to wide range of Coconut tree with further use. With its essentiality, material
availability, and uniqueness, the researchers arised the idea to broaden the study
of coconut leaf stick from a simple stick to an indoor wood tile.
Subject of the study
Coconut leaf stick tile was the product of the study and as being
developed as a new material for wood tiles. The product is hard, compact and
has a natural brown color, it has six inches of width and length and 0.4inch thick,
and weighs 0.175kg. The product was tested up to its limit to gather information
about its strength, durability, and quality.
The tile was made of matured and dried coconut leaf stick that can be
obtained in the finest and strongest part of the leaf stick. And a wood adhesive
was used to make the pieces of the sticks to form a tile. The tile is suitable for
indoor decorations, walls, and floor parquet.
Population and Sampling
In encouragement for the consumers to engage in the product.
The researchers conducted several material tests, and gather all
necessary information for evaluation to prove that the coconut leaf stick to be
used for alternative material was qualified in terms of marketability, quality, and
strength. The researcher used weighted mean and standard deviation as
sampling method for the survey.
Survey was conducted at Santa, Laguna. Evaluation was
conducted through school, hardware, and construction firms. Respondents with a
total of 10 selected and random were involved in the test.
The survey results are referring to chapter IV.

Data Gathering Procedure
In order to make the coconut leaf stick wood tile, the materials to be used
were enumerated as follows.
 Coconut leaf stick locally known as “ting-ting”.
 Wood glue / StikWel
 Sanding sealer
 Sand paper
 Solignum
Tools:
 Tape measure
 Hammer
 Paint brush
 Bolo
 Pliers
 Scissors
Construction Procedures
For Raw Material:
1. Choose the finest and thickest leaf stick to use.
2. Shred the excess leaves of the leaf stick.
3. Cut every coconut leaf stick to 6inches long. Prepare the side
forms for tile dimension.
Procedure:
1. Use wood glue, then place the coconut leaf stick to the forms
and aligned it alternately for every layer.
2. Let the glue dry.
3. Use sand paper to make the surface of the product to have a
plane surface.
4. Use Solignum, spread it on the surface of the product to avoid
termite damage.
5. Use Sanding sealer to cover the uneven surface of the coconut
leaf stick tile.
6. Again use Sand paper to remove the excess sanding sealer on
surface of the tile.
7. In applying the top coat, use varnish and spread it all over the
surface of the tile. Apply it several times to have a thick and
glossy look.
Try-out and Revisions
Weight Thickness Cost Strength
Try-out 0.350kg 0.8in P24 Can carry maximum loads of
250kg
Revision 0.175kg 0.4in P12 Can carry maximum loads of 126
kg
Table 1: Try-out and Revisions
The researcher conducted one revision which consists of weight,
thickness, cost, and strength of the product. In terms of weight, the first trial has
the weight of 0.350kg which too heavy for a wall tile unlike the revision which has
the weight of 0.175kg. In terms of cost, the first trial has the cost of P24 while the
revision has a cost P12 only these will also affect the thickness reduction to 0.8in
to 0.4in. In terms of strength, the first trial can carry maximum load of 250kg
which is too strong for a wall tile while in the second trial the maximum loads can
carry is 126kg which is more suitable and effective as a wall tile.

Manual Test
Swelling Test
Wood tile With Varnish Without Varnish
Thickness Before 24 0.4 inch 0.4 inch

Hours exposed to Water
Thickness After 24 0.4 inch 0.450 inch

Hours exposed to Water
Thickness Difference 0 inch 0.050 inch
Table 2: Swelling Test result
Test Procedure for Swelling Test
Using the weighing scale, measure the weight of the original product.
Then expose the wood tile directly to water for 24 hours. After 24 hours measure
again the weight of the product. To get the Absorption percentage a formula if
formed:
Swelling Percentage =
Legend:
- Final thickness of the product
- Initial thickness of the product
Figure 2 Figure 3
Figure 2 and Figure 3: Shows the photos of Swelling test
Absorption Test
Weight Before 24 Hours 0.175 kg 0.175 kg

exposed to Water
Weight After 24 Hours 0.180 kg 0.200 kg

exposed to Water
Weight Difference 0.005 kg 0.025 kg
Table 3: Absorption Test result
Test Procedure for Absorption Test
Using the weighing scale, measure the weight of the original
product. Then expose the wood tile directly to water for 24 hours. After 24 hours
measure again the weight of the product. To get the Absorption percentage a
formula if formed:
Absorption Percentage =
Legend:
- Final weight of the product
- Initial weight of the product
Figure 4 Figure 5
Figure 4 and Figure 5: Shows the photos of Absorption test
Fire-resistance Test
Appearance after 30 1 2
seconds exposed to fire
Appearance After 1 1 2
minute exposed to fire
Appearance After 2 3 4
minute exposed to fire
Table 4: Fire-resistance Test result

Scale
1- No damage
2- The surface appearance turned to black
3- The surface deformed
4- The surface is totally burned
Test Procedure for Fire-resistance Test
The researcher used a gas stove as an equipment to measure the fire
resistivity of the product. Two samples was tested: wood tile with varnish and
without varnish. The two samples were exposed directly to medium fire for 30
seconds to 2 minutes exposure and then the results were gathered.
Figure 6 Figure 7
Figure 6 and Figure 7: Shows the photos of Fire – resistance test

Breaking Test
Trial Weight Result
1 24 kg 2
2 72 kg 3
3 126 kg 4
Table 5: Breaking Test result
Scale:
1- No bend
2- Slight bend
3- Slight bend
4- Totally Breaked
Test Procedure for Breaking Test
Using rocks and water as the loads to test the strength of the
product, the researcher used a large pale as a container for the loads to be used.
The product is then subjected to an elevated position and the container was
hanged below it. The rock loads was first applied to the container and when a
slight bend occur the water loads was also used to attain the precise weight
needed until the product fail and break.

Figure 8 Figure 9
Figure 8 and Figure 9: Shows the photos of Breaking test
Evaluation of Results
Swelling Test
For tile without varnish:
Swelling Percentage =
= 12.5 %
0.45- Final thickness of the product
0.40- Initial thickness of the product

For tile with varnish:
There was no change in the thickness of the tile as the
result, the swelling percentage will be 0%.
Absorption test
For tile without varnish:
= 14.29 %
0.2- Final weight of the product
0.175- Initial weight of the product
For tile with varnish:
= 2.86%
0.18- Final weight of the product
0.175- Initial weight of the product
Fire-resistance test
The results for the fire-resistance test after exposure to medium fire within
2 minutes for tiles with and without varnish:
- The surface was totally burned as the result to the tile without
varnish.
- The surface was deformed as the result to the tile with varnish.
Breaking test
The results for the maximum loads that the tile can carry for three trials
was 126 kg of load using rocks and water. The tile was totally breaked.
Construction Time Frame
The estimated time to build the design project was shown in table 5. This
includes the general tasks and activities of the group during the duration of the
study.
ACTIVITIES 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
A. Preparing all the materials and equipment
B. Cutting of coconut leaf stick in to desired sizes
C. Shredding the excess leaves of the leaf stick
D. Preparing the side form
E. Aligning the coconut leaf stick
F. Let it dry
G. Sanding the surface with sand paper
H. Finishing the edges with sanding sealer
I. Applying the top coat with varnish
J. Drying of varnish
K. Material Testing
L. Results of testing
M. Try-out and Revisions
Table 6: GANTT CHART

Research Instrument
The researchers used questionnaires in gathering the primary data in the
study. The questionnaire has a total of twelve questions, four questions per
category of marketability, quality, and strength. The questions will be answered
by checking the rate from 5 to 1, 5 being the highest rate and 1 for the lowest
rate. The questionnaires were given to the respondents for their review and to
gather information and data from the respondents.
The survey was conducted at Santa, Laguna. Evaluation was conducted
through school, hardware, and construction firms. During the survey, the
respondents were given questionnaires to be answered. Respondents with a
total of 10 selected and random were involved in the test.
The survey was made to determine the acceptability of the product to the
community, particularly to the people who are knowledgeable of the study.
The researchers used a 5-point rating scale to indicate on how the
respondents will agree to the statements in terms of marketability, quality, and
strength.
INTERPRETATION RATING RANGE
Strongly Agree 5 4.5-5
Agree 4 4.5-4.49
Uncertain 3 3.5-3.49
Disagree 2 2.5-2.49
Strongly Disagree 1 1.00-1.49
Table 7: Five – Point Rating Scale

Statistical Treatment
The data gathered from the respondents were analyzed and interpreted.
Weighted mean and standard deviation was used for computation of the result
with the response of the respondents to the given questionnaires.
The purpose of the weighted mean was to determine the level of
acceptability of the coconut leaf stick in terms of its, marketability, quality, and
strength.
A five point scale was used to determine the level of acceptability of the
coconut leaf stick Tile. As for the scale of 5, the range was 4.5-5 and the
interpretation was Strongly Agree. As for the scale of 4, the range was 3.5-4.49
and the interpretation was Agree. As for the scale of 3, the range was 2.5-3.49
and the interpretation was Uncertain. As for the scale of 2, the range was 1.5-
2.49 and the interpretation was Disagree. As for the scale of 1, the range was
1.00-1.49 and the interpretation was Strongly Disagree.

Chapter III
DISCUSSION
The table below shows the Product Description of the product
which consists of the following: physical properties, structure, characteristics,
uses, project design and packaging.
Product Description
-Solid
Physical Properties -Hard
-Natural Color(brown)
Structure of the Product -made from coconut ting-ting

-binded together wood adhesive(stickwel)
-Coated with Varnish
Characteristics -Durable -Water-resistant

-Fire-resistant -Unique Design
Uses -Indoor tiles -wall tile
Product Design -6x6x0.4 inch dimension 0.175kg of

Weight
Packaging -Can be made of different colors and

design
Table 8: Product Description
Table shows the product description including the Physical properties,
Structure of the product, Characteristics, Uses, Product design and Packaging.

Product Design
The following figures how the isometric view of the product, as
well as its top view and cross section. The Coconut leaf stick tile has a dimension
of 6inchX6inchX0.4inch. It is lightweight that’s why it is very easy to carry. It was
designed by evenly aligning Coconut leaf stick strips horizontally at the bottom
layer and then aligning vertically at the top layer, and bonded them using wood
glue.
Figure 10: Isometric view of the tile
Figure 10: Shows the cross section of the tile. The strips are
glued together using wood glue.

Figure 11: Top view of the tile
Figure 11: Shows the top view of the Coconut leaf stick tile. It has
a dimension of 6inchX6inchX0.4inch. The tile has a light brown color and coated
in varnish.
Production Development
Production
3
Production Procedures
Input  Preparation of all the Output

materials and equipment
2  Preparation of the side 4
forms
Coconut Farm Market
 Aligning the coconut leaf
stick with wood glue
 Dry the wood glue
 Plane the surface with
1
sand paper
Cutting of  Finishing of the edges with 5
coconut ting- sanding sealer
ting to desired  Application of top coat with Consumers
lengths varnish
 Drying of varnish
 Packaging
Figure 12: Production Schedule
The figure consists of input, production, and output of the production
development. Number 1 shows, the cutting of coconut ting-ting to desired
lengths. Number 2 shows, the coconut farm. Number 3 shows, the production
procedures. Number 4 shows, market. And number 5 shows, consumers.

Marketing Strategies
1. After canvassing the price of commercial wood tiles from different
hardware surrounded by Santa Cruz Laguna, the researchers came up
with the price range of 15php to 30php. According to the hardware the
researchers have canvassed, wood tiles nowadays are commonly phase
out of the market because of its high price. Using our materials (coconut
ting-ting) we developed a new wood tile with price range that was cheaper
than the commercial tiles.
2. Price
The computation showed the total cost per wood tile.
 The cost of coconut ting-ting is P750.00 per 50 kilograms.
 In 15 minutes, a single person can make one tile.
 The working hours will be 8 hours per day.
 The tile will be sold at its lowest price of P10.00 per tile.
Let:
X = Cost per Tile
𝑃7 𝑋
𝐾𝑔 7 𝐾𝑔
𝑋 𝑃2 2
Salary of every worker per hour = P35.00
(4 tiles) (8hours) = 32 Tiles per 8 hours

(P2.265)(32) + P35.00 (8) = P352.48 Total Cost
(P10) (32) – P352.48= P32.48 profit per worker
If you have a minimum of 10 workers, your profit will be:
P324.8 per day
P1,948.8 per week ( Sunday is not included )
P8,444.8 per one month ( 26days )
Let say there’s a customer that is willing to buy 500 tiles for their newly
built house. The quality is same and as good as the other.
 Case I. Competitor’s Price
 ₱30.00 per tile
 For every 500 pieces of tiles
- ₱30,000
 Case II. Our sales “ Coconut ting-ting wood tile”
 ₱12.50, free delivery for 500 tiles and above
- ₱11,875
 Case III.
 ₱15.00 per tile, 500 pieces tiles and above will get 5% off for
its total payment
- ₱14,250.00
3. Place
The target locations will be near market place, hardware and malls.
4. Promotion
Leaflets and posters containing special offers will be given to the
customers. The consumers will be informed through social networks like
Facebook and other advertisements.
Resource Management
One of our main resources for tools and equipment came from the
researchers house and the coconut ting-ting came from the coconut farm. The
materials for our sideforms are woods used also as forms in other constructions
and some materials were bought from hardwares, as well as the other supplies
and equipment’s.
The investment will be borrowed from the parents of the researchers and
will be returned as soon as the researcher got our profit target.

Cost and Return Analysis
Cost of Production
Material Quantity Cost
Coconut ting-ting 100grams P1.5
Wood glue 50grams P4.00
Varnish 5grams P1.00
Sanding sealer 20grams P0.5
Material cost P7.00
Labor cost 20% of material cost P1.4
Total cost P8.40
Table 9: Cost of Production
The table represents the cost of the finished product per square inch. The
labor cost 20% of the sub total cost and result the total cost of ₱8.40 per six
square inch.
Cost of Operation
The cost of Coconut ting-ting wood tile was calculated based on the
values summarized below.
Particular Amount
Side forms ₱ 1,000.00
Taxes, Shelter and Insurance ₱ 1,500.00
Price of Tiles ₱ 12.50
Number of Operator 1
Operator wage (php) ₱ 1.4 per tile
Number of working hour 8 hours
Table 10: Value of the computation of Cost and Return Analysis
Annual Cost of Operation of Coconut ting-ting Wood tile
Annual Production (tile per year)
1month = 32tiles x 26days = 832 tiles per month
832 tiles x 12 months = ₱9,984 tiles per year
Fixed Cost
Sideforms = 100 pcs = ₱1,000.00
Taxes = ₱1,500.00
Variable Cost
Labor cost
₱1.4 per tile x 32 tiles per day x 26day per month x 12months per year =
₱13,977.6
Material Cost
₱8.4 per tile x 32 tiles per day x 26day per month x 12months per year =
₱83,865.6
Annual Cost of Production ₱97,843.2
Total Cost ₱100,343.2
Pricing of Coconut ting-ting Wood Tile was based on its quality and cost of
production as determine by this study. It could be sold at Php 12.50 per tile.
Cost and Return Analysis was based on this pricing scheme.
Annual Cost of Operation of Decorative Coconut “ting – ting” Tile shows
that this cost of operating the projected annual cost is Php 97,843.2 per tile.
Table 11 shows the annual production is 9,984 tiles per year then the
gross income would be Php 124,800 and the net income would be Php 24,456.8
per annum. The rate of investment is 24.4% Thus, the operation will be feasible
based on the Breakeven Point ( BEP ) and the Rate of Investment ( ROI ).
Annual Production 9,984 tiles per year
Variable Cost ₱97,843.2
Gross Income (php/yr) ₱124,800
Profit ₱24,456.8
Breakeven Point (UNITS) 926 tiles
Breakeven Point (TOTAL SALES) ₱11,754.07
Return of Investment ( ROI ) 24.4%
Table 11: Cost and Return of Decorative Coconut “ting – ting” Tile
Coconut ting-ting wood

Commercial Wood Tile
Properties tile
Texture Slightly Rough Smooth
Hardness Hard Hard
Uniqueness Unique ( Ting-Ting ) Ordinary ( Wood)
Strength Strong Strong
Cost P10-P15 P15-P30
Table 12: Comparative Analysis of Coconut Ting-Ting Wood Tile and other
Commercial Tiles.
The table 12: Shows the comparisons between the Coconut “ting-ting” tile
and other wood tiles by means of their properties. In this data, it showed that the
coconut ting-ting wood tile is much cheaper and has the same quality as the
commercial wood tiles.

Analysis and Interpretation of Data
Marketability
MARKETABILITY MEAN SD RANK VERBAL

INTERPRETATION
It is easy to install 4.4 0.42 2.5 Agree
The tile has a good texture 4.4 0.70 2.5 Agree
It is more affordable than 4.5 0.42 1.5 Strongly Agree

the tile available in the
market
It is very appealing to the 4.9 0.82 1.5 Strongly Agree

eye
AVERAGE 4.55 0.61 Strongly Agree
Table 13: Data Results for Marketability
Legend:
5- Strongly Agree
4- Agree
3- Uncertain
2- Disagree
1-Strongly Disagree
Table 13 showed the marketability of the product. It indicates that entry
number 1 was easy to install with mean of 4.4 and standard deviation of 0.42.
Number two tells it depicts good texture with mean of 4.5 and standard
deviation of 0.70 Item number 3 tells that the product was cheaper than
ordinary cement tiles with mean of 4.5 and standard deviation of 0.42. And
number 4 shows that the product is appealing to the eye with mean of 4.9 and
standard deviation of 0.82 in addition, it gathered a strongly agree remarks.
The standard deviation of 0.61 revealed that the rating given by the
respondents in terms of its marketability was on the same range.
Quality
QUALITY MEAN SD RANK VERBAL

INTERPRETATION
It is environment friendly 4.9 0.32 1.25 Strongly Agree
The product is low in cost 4.9 0.85 1.25 Strongly Agree
The product is unique 4.7 0.42 1.25 Strongly Agree
It helps the environment by 4.7 0 1.25 Strongly Agree

reducing waste
Table 14: Data Results for Quality
Legend:
5- Strongly Agree
4- Agree
3- Uncertain
2- Disagree
1-Strongly Disagree
Table 14 showed the quality of the product. It indicates that entry number
1 it is environmentally friendly with mean of 4.9 and standard deviation of
0.32. Number two tells the product is very low in cost but with high quality with
mean of 4.9 and standard deviation of 0.85. Item number 3 tells that the
material content is unique with mean of 4.7 and standard deviation of 0.42.
And number 4 showed that It helps the environment by reducing waste with
mean of 4.7 and standard deviation of 0. In addition, it gathered a strongly
agree remark.
The standard deviation of 0.40 revealed that the rating given by the
Strength
STRENGTH MEAN SD RANK VERBAL

INTERPRETATION
Can withstand high 4.3 0.32 2 Agree

compressive strength
It has the ability to last 4.7 0.85 1.33 Strongly Agree

long without deterioration
The product is unique 4.4 0.42 1.33 Agree
It helps the environment 4.8 0 1.33 Strongly Agree

by reducing waste
Table 15: Data Results for Strength
Legend:
5- Strongly Agree
4- Agree
3- Uncertain
2- Disagree
1-Strongly Disagree
Table 15 shows the strength of Decorative Coconut “ting- ting” Tiles. It
indicates that entry number 1 that it can withstand high compressive strength
with mean of 4.9 and standard deviation of 0.32. Number 2 tells the product
has the ability to last long time without significant deterioration with mean of
4.9 and standard deviation of 0.85. Item number 3 tells that it can resist
abrasion with mean of 4.7 and standard deviation of 0.42. And number 4
shows that it has greater shatter resistance with mean of 4.7 and standard
deviation of 0. In addition, it gathered a strongly agree remark.
The standard deviation of 0.40 reveals that the rating given by the

CHAPTER IV
SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS
This chapter includes the summary, findings, conclusion, and
recommendation of the study.
Summary
This chapter was conducted in order to summarize the findings
and results for the creation of the product.
The researchers used Coconut leaf stick as their main material in
the product. Different tests were used to obtain the strength and weakness of the
tile. The tests conducted in this developmental study are swelling test, Absorption
test, Fire-resistance Test and Breaking test.
Findings
In this section the researcher sought the findings the
acceptability of the product in terms of marketability, quality, and strength. Also,
the results of manual tests conducted.
1. The results of the level of strength and durability of the Coconut leaf
stick “ting-ting” as main materials of a wood tile in terms the
following testing: Swelling test, Absorption test, Fire-resistance test,
and Breaking test.

Swelling test results for tiles without varnish caused the tile
to swell 12.5% of its original thickness. While tiles with varnish
caused 0% of swelling.
Absorption test results for tiles without varnish caused the
tile to absorb water up to 14.29% of its original weight. While tiles
with varnish caused the tile to absorb water up to 2.86% of its
original weight.
The findings for the fire-resistance test after exposure to
medium fire within 2 minutes for tiles with and without varnish: The
surface is totally burned as the result to the tile without varnish. The
surface has deformed as the result to the tile with varnish.
The breaking test findings for the maximum loads that the
tile can carry for three trials is 126 kg of load using rocks and water.
The tile was totally breaked.
2. The results of the acceptability of the product in terms of
marketability, quality, and strength with the weighted mean and
standard deviation are as follows:
The survey results for marketability, the mean is 4.55 and it
is interpreted as strongly agree The SD which is less than 1.00
(0.61) indicates that the responses of the evaluators are
homogenous, or having values near each other.
The survey results for quality, the mean is 4.8 and it is
interpreted as strongly agree. The SD which is less than 1.00 (0.4)

indicates that the responses of the evaluators are homogenous, or
having values near each other.
The survey results for strength, the mean is 4.8 and it is
interpreted as strongly agree. The SD which is less than 1.00 (0.4)
indicates that the responses of the evaluators are homogenous, or
having values near each other.
Conclusions
The findings of the study yielded the conclusions as follows:
1. The conclusion for the level of strength and durability of the Coconut
leaf stick “ting-ting” as main materials of a wood tile in terms the
following testing: Swelling test, Absorption test, Fire-resistance test,
and Breaking test.
The researchers concluded that therefore applying varnish to the
wood tile is necessary to make the tile swell-proof, absorbs less water,
and protects the tile from burning its surface.
The researchers also concluded that the tile is strong and
durable enough to match other wood tiles.
2. The conclusions on the acceptability of the product in terms of
marketability, quality, and strength with the weighted mean and
standard deviation are as follows:

The researchers came up with the interpretation results of
marketability, quality, and strength to strongly agree. Therefore the
acceptability of the product to the public is high.
Recommendations
After the data and findings were analyzed, the researchers
recommend the following:
1. The researchers recommend for taking further study of this product
production process when it comes to mass production of this
product.
2. Try or make other sizes and dimensions of tiles which can be used
for the different purpose in terms of designing.
3. Try to use coloring agent that can give better appearance for the
product.
APPENDICES
Appendix A – Photos of Equipment’s and Materials
Photo A
Photo B
Photo C Photo D
Photo E Photo F
Appendix B – Photos of making the product
Photo A Photo B
Photo C Photo D
Appendix C – Photos of Swelling Test and Absorption Test
Photo A Photo B
Photo C Photo D
Appendix D – Photos of Fire Resistance Test
Photo A Photo B
Photo C Photo D
Appendix E – Photos of Breaking test
Photo A Photo B
Photo C Photo D
Appendix F – Survey Sheet
SURVEY SHEET
Development of Decorative Coconut Leaf Stick “ting-ting” Tiles as Alternative for
Wood Tiles
Direction: Put a check ( ) mark to indicate your answer
1. To determine the level of acceptability of the Coconut leaf stick tile in

terms of marketability.
Marketability 1 2 3 4 5
It is easy to install
The tile has a good texture
It is more affordable than the tile available in the

market
It is very appealing to eye
Quality 1 2 3 4 5
It is environmentally friendly
The product is very low in cost but with high

quality
The material content is unique
It helps the environment by reducing waste

Strength 1 2 3 4 5
Can withstand high compressive strength
It has the ability to last long time without

significant deterioration
Can resist abrasion
Have greater shatter resistance
Legend:
5 – Strongly Agree
4 – Agree
3 – Uncertain
2 – Disagree
1 – Strongly Disagree
Signed by:
Appendix G – Data Matrix
RESPONDENTS MARKETABILITY QUALITY STRENGTH
1 5 5 5
2 5 5 5
3 5 5 5
4 5 5 5
5 4.75 5 4.75
6 4.5 5 4.75
7 4.25 5 4.5
8 4.25 5 4.25
9 4.25 4.75 3.75
10 3.5 3.5 3.5
AVERAGE 4.55 4.8 4.55
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Ryan B.
Laguna State Polytechnic University entitled Low – cos Fiber board made out
of cornhusks by Guerrero, Franz Mathews A., Justo, Neil Paolo J.,
Magbayad, Eugene C.
CURRICULUM VITAE
NELSON JELIANG ALARVA
Brgy. Calumpang Liliw, Laguna

09358430335
[email protected]
OBJECTIVES
 To obtain a position that will enable the use of my strong organizational

skills, educational background, and ability to work well with people.
 To enhance my knowledge and to obtain a meaningful working experience.
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
Primary
Calumpang Elementary School
Brgy. Calumpang Liliw, Laguna
1998 - 2004
Secondary
Liceo de Pila
Pila, Laguna
2004 - 2008
Tertiary
Sta. Cruz, Laguna
2008 - 2014
SEMINARS ATTENDED
September 14, 2013 COLLOQUIA 2013

University of the Philippines
Los Baños, Laguna
September 7, 2012 2012 NATIONAL CE SYMPOSIUM

Diliman, Manila
Diliman, Manila
November 18, 2011 IMPORTANCE OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

PROFESSION IN NATION BUILDING
Association of Civil Engineering Students
LSPU-SCC All-Purposed Gymnasium
August 20, 2011 COLLOQUIA 2011

Los Baños, Laguna
AFFILIATION
 Philippine Institute of Civil Engineers (PICE)

Member
2010 – Present
 Association of Civil Engineering Students (ACES)
Member
2008 – Present
SPECIAL SKILLS
 Computer literate
 Knowledge in Basic Auto-CAD and Microsoft programs
 A confident decision-making ability
 Knowledge in STAAD
 Good teamwork skills
PERSONAL INFORMATION
Age: 22
Birthdate: December 26, 1991
Birth Place: Ilagan City, Isabela
Civil Status: Single
Citizenship: Filipino
Height: 5’7
Weight: 57 kg
Sex: Male
Religion: Roman Catholic
CHARACTER REFERENCE
Engr. Michael M. Cruz

Civil Engineer
+639179325314
Engr. Malvin James A. Ching

Civil Engineer
+639175370644
Engr. Revelina C. Ansay

Laguna State Polytechnic University, Sta. Cruz, Laguna
Cell/Telephone No. 09183310575
This is to certify that the above information is true and correct to the best of my
ability and belief.
ALARVA, NELSON J.
Applicant
PATRIC JAMES CALDERON FERNANDEZ
1163. A. Mabini St. Santa Cruz, Laguna

09354097466
[email protected]
OBJECTIVES

Primary
Villa Silangan Elementary School
1998 - 2004
Secondary
Union College School of Integrated and Preparatory Studies
2004 - 2008
Tertiary
Sta. Cruz, Laguna
2008 - 2014
SEMINARS ATTENDED

Los Baños, Laguna

Diliman, Manila

Diliman, Manila


Los Baños, Laguna
AFFILIATION

Member
2010 – Present
Member
2008 – Present
SPECIAL SKILLS
Age: 22
Birthdate: November 10, 1991
Birth Place: Santa Cruz, Laguna
Height: 5’4
Weight: 51 kg
Sex: Male
Religion: Roman Catholic
CHARACTER REFERENCE

Civil Engineer
+639179325314

Civil Engineer
+639175370644

ability and belief.
FERNANDEZ, PATRIC JAMES C.
Applicant
JULIUS ELIP TAMBAN
Brgy. Mayondon Los baños, Laguna

09154099828
[email protected]
OBJECTIVES

Primary
Mayondon Elementary School
Brgy. Mayondon Los Baños, Laguna
1999 - 2005
Secondary
Los Baños National High School
Los Baños, Laguna
2005 - 2009
Tertiary
Sta. Cruz, Laguna
2009 - 2014
SEMINARS ATTENDED

Los Baños, Laguna

Diliman, Manila
Diliman, Manila


Los Baños, Laguna
AFFILIATION

Member
2010 – Present
Member
2009 – Present
SPECIAL SKILLS
Age: 21
Birthdate: January 10, 1993
Birth Place: Santa Cruz, Laguna
Height: 5’2
Weight: 50 kg
Sex: Male
Religion: Lift Jesus Cell Church
CHARACTER REFERENCE

Civil Engineer
+639179325314

Civil Engineer
+639175370644

ability and belief.
TAMBAN, JULIUS E
Applicant

Development of Decorative Coconut Leaf Stick "Ting-Ting" Tiles As Wood Tiles

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Development of Decorative Coconut Leaf Stick “ting-ting” Tiles as Wood

FERNANDEZ, PATRIC JAMES C.

The research study entitled “Development of Decorative Coconut Leaf Stick

Date MICHAEL M. CRUZ, RCE

MALVIN JAMES A. CHING, RCE MA. ERLYN L. EROLES, PECE

ROMMEL M. TABIGAY M.A.T. JOSEPHINE VILLAMIN M.A.

REVELINA C. ANSAY, RCE, RSE

Accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for degree of Bachelor of

Date REVELINA C. ANSAY, RCE, RSE

EVELYN B. NAPIZA ROBERT C. AGATEP, PH. D.

Research Contribution No.

of this research study.

Our deep appreciation to our respective parents that never failed to

support us during the development of the research.

to make the students of Laguna State Polytechnic University satisfied in the

standard of writing and for the improvement of our manuscript.

Ms. Josephine Villamin for our statistician who intelligently interpreted

the data’s and results of our findings.

Engr. Michael M. Cruz, as our thesis adviser for giving us some

guidelines and tips in making this research study.

Of course to Dean Revelina C. Ansay for the considerations, and helping

us in arranging the research study.

us to finish and gave us the perseverance and determination in order to finish

this work, thank you.

blessings of our Almighty GOD.

Thank You So Much!

This research study is dedicated to Almighty God, who’s the source of

inspiration, strength and encouragement to make the study possible.

To my parents, Mr. Florencio V. Alarva and Mrs. Alejandrina J. Alarva, who

this study, also to their financial and moral support.

To my brothers Aldrin J. Alarva, Lorenzo J. Alarva, Adriano J. Alarva, for the

love and support

To my closes friends who’s also my co – member, Mr. Patric James C.

that gives immeasurable effort and understanding.

giving me confidence and ideas to make this study possible.

The completion of this developmental study is dedicated to the following persons

who gave their support to me:

To my parents: Mr. Ramil P. Fernandez and Mrs. Zenaida C. Fernandez

for love, financial, and moral support to me.

To my brother: Russell C. Fernandez, who is patiently waiting me before

To my girlfriend: Ms. Wyeth N. Lumidao, for the moral support,

motivation and also served as inspiration to me to make this study a reality.

To my thesis adviser: Engr. Michael M. Cruz for his, suggestions,

knowledge, and guidance.

having a great teamwork to finish this study.

provided all the needs of the researcher in this study.

To my parents: Mr. Santiago and Mrs. Victoria Tamban, for support,

guidance and love to me.

To my sisters: Jenedee, Senaida, Seny Joy, Jasmin Tamban and also

To my group mates: Mr. Nelson J. Alarva and Mr. Patric James C.

Fernandez for their great efforts to make this study possible.

To BSCE-5B Family, who helped and inspired me to accomplish this

The study is entitled “Development of Decorative Coconut Leaf Stick “ting-

that can be produced from its roots or Coconut Water.

The researchers were triggered to come up with a developmental method

Several manual tests were conducted by the researchers to acquire

suitable in making a decorative wall tile, because of its durability as a

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