CH 1 B Steps in Social Research
CH 1 B Steps in Social Research
CH 1 B Steps in Social Research
Now, convert the above question into objective by using action-oriented words (e.g. to
explore, to investigate, to know etc) as follows:
To understand the impact of DV on the emotional development of a child.
To examine the inÙuence of DV on the child’s academic performance.
To know various effects of DV on child’s physical health.
To explore the impact of DV on the child’s social behavior.
Devising Hypotheses
A hypothesis is a testable assumption showing a relationship among certain variables. It can be a
false or true statement. It is put to test in the research to check its authenticity. Hypothesis is a
logical relationship and is relevant to the theme of the research. It becomes a base for the
research. It specifies the focus of the research. It makes it easier for the researcher to carry on the
research to generate productive findings. The examples of hypothesis are as follows:
Higher the illiteracy in a society, higher will be the poverty.
Higher the poverty in a society, higher will be the crime rate.
Higher the illiteracy in a society, higher would be the discrimination against women.
Sampling Procedure
Sampling means to select a part of population for study. It is difficult for a researcher to study all
the population of an area due to limited resources – time, money and energy. Hence, a part of the
population is selected for research study. The number of total respondents for a sample is known
as sample-size. The sample size can vary depending upon your study.
Sampling procedure means how to select respondents from population to make a sample which is
true representative of the entire population. There are various sample procedures such as random
sampling, stratified sampling, purposive sampling, probability sampling, non-probability
sampling and so on. The sampling procedure and sample sized is always mentioned in the
research design.
Data Collection
Data collection is an important phase of the research. The data is collected for deriving findings,
results and theories. There are two types of data: primary data and secondary data.
Primary data: It is the data which is collected for the first time by the researcher from
respondents. The research has to visit the respondents and collect data from them using his
selected tool of data collection, e.g. a questionnaire, interview or observation etc. It requires a lot
of fieldwork activity.
Secondary data: It is the data which has already been collected by others and is available in the
form of books, reports, papers, websites, magazine, encyclopedias and so on. Such a data is
called secondary data.
Report Writing
After conducting a research, all the details of the research (e.g. basic concepts, literature studied,
methodology, findings, suggestions etc) are compiled into a research report. The purpose of
writing the research report is to record your work as well as to present your work in written form
to the audience. The widely accepted format for writing a research report is as follows:
1. PRELIMINARY PAGES
▪ Title Page
▪ Abstract
▪ Table of contents
2. MAIN BODY
Chapter 1 - Introduction
Chapter 2 – Literature Review
Chapter 3 – Research Design
Chapter 4 – Data Analysis and Interpretation
Chapter 5 – Findings and Suggestions
3. CLOSING PAGES
▪ Bibliography / References
REFERENCES
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