Li-Ion Battery Cooling
Li-Ion Battery Cooling
Li-Ion Battery Cooling
Cooled air
Li-ion battery
Tmax = < 40 C
Refrigerant (direct) A/C circuit
∆Twithin cell = 5 – 10K
∆Tbetw. cells = 5K
Secondary circuit
2
Technischer Pressetag Dr. Heckenberger Mai 2009 p0086.ppt
The copying, distribution and utilization of this document as well as the communication of its contents to others without expressed authorization is prohibited.
Offenders will be held liable for the payment of damages. All rights reserved in the event of the grant of a patent, utility model or ornamental design registration.
Cell structure and cooling paths
Cathode conductor
Anode conductor
Good thermal conductivity:
Along electrodes
Insulation
In the conductors
In the metallic housing
Cavities
Low thermal conductivity:
Perpendicular to the electrodes
In cavities Electrode stack comprising:
cathodes, anodes, separators
Housing
h
h d
h d
r
4
Technischer Pressetag Dr. Heckenberger Mai 2009 p0086.ppt
The copying, distribution and utilization of this document as well as the communication of its contents to others without expressed authorization is prohibited.
Offenders will be held liable for the payment of damages. All rights reserved in the event of the grant of a patent, utility model or ornamental design registration.
Cooling concepts for cells
Cell
assembly ++ + 0 – +
in battery
Cooling
effectiveness 0 + + ++ +
Package
space
required – ++ + – ++
in battery
5
Technischer Pressetag Dr. Heckenberger Mai 2009 p0086.ppt
The copying, distribution and utilization of this document as well as the communication of its contents to others without expressed authorization is prohibited.
Offenders will be held liable for the payment of damages. All rights reserved in the event of the grant of a patent, utility model or ornamental design registration.
Cooling systems for batteries
Cabin air cooling
Vehicle cabin
Evaporator
Condenser
Battery
Refrigerant
circuit
Disadvantages
Advantage
Package space requirement of entire system
Low complexity
Dependence on vehicle cabin air temperature
Low cooling performance
Inhomogeneous temperature distribution
within battery
Risk of fouling
Potential safety concerns
6
Technischer Pressetag Dr. Heckenberger Mai 2009 p0086.ppt
The copying, distribution and utilization of this document as well as the communication of its contents to others without expressed authorization is prohibited.
Offenders will be held liable for the payment of damages. All rights reserved in the event of the grant of a patent, utility model or ornamental design registration.
Cooling systems for batteries
Independent air cooling
evaporator
Vehicle cabin
Evaporator
Battery
Condenser
Battery
Refrigerant
circuit
Advantages Disadvantages
Independent of vehicle cabin air Package space requirement of entire system
temperature Inhomogeneous temperature distribution
High cooling performance within battery
Risk of fouling
7
Technischer Pressetag Dr. Heckenberger Mai 2009 p0086.ppt
The copying, distribution and utilization of this document as well as the communication of its contents to others without expressed authorization is prohibited.
Offenders will be held liable for the payment of damages. All rights reserved in the event of the grant of a patent, utility model or ornamental design registration.
Cooling systems for batteries
Direct refrigerant-based cooling
Evaporator
Evaporator
Condenser
plate
Battery
Refrigerant
circuit
Advantages Disadvantages
Bauraum of entire system Battery cooling possible only when A/C circuit
Homogeneous temperature distribution operating
High cooling performance Heating cannot be integrated
8
Technischer Pressetag Dr. Heckenberger Mai 2009 p0086.ppt
The copying, distribution and utilization of this document as well as the communication of its contents to others without expressed authorization is prohibited.
Offenders will be held liable for the payment of damages. All rights reserved in the event of the grant of a patent, utility model or ornamental design registration.
Secondary circuit with chiller and heat sink in battery
Coolant
Compressor
circuit
Evaporator
Battery cooler
Heat sink
Condenser
Battery
Chiller
Refrigerant Heating
circuit
Advantages Disadvantages
Energy efficiency (annual average) Package space and weight of entire system
Compact battery module Cost
High cooling performance Inertia due to high thermal mass
Battery heating can be integrated
9
Technischer Pressetag Dr. Heckenberger Mai 2009 p0086.ppt
The copying, distribution and utilization of this document as well as the communication of its contents to others without expressed authorization is prohibited.
Offenders will be held liable for the payment of damages. All rights reserved in the event of the grant of a patent, utility model or ornamental design registration.
Current examples
Direct refrigerant-based cooling in Mercedes S400 BlueHYBRID
10
Technischer Pressetag Dr. Heckenberger Mai 2009 p0086.ppt
The copying, distribution and utilization of this document as well as the communication of its contents to others without expressed authorization is prohibited.
Offenders will be held liable for the payment of damages. All rights reserved in the event of the grant of a patent, utility model or ornamental design registration.
Current examples
Direct refrigerant or coolant-based cooling and conductor cooling
Sponsored by:
11
Technischer Pressetag Dr. Heckenberger Mai 2009 p0086.ppt
The copying, distribution and utilization of this document as well as the communication of its contents to others without expressed authorization is prohibited.
Offenders will be held liable for the payment of damages. All rights reserved in the event of the grant of a patent, utility model or ornamental design registration.
HVAC/battery system test bench
Battery, A/C circuit/secondary circuit under real operating conditions
Movable wall
Fan
Fan
Climate profile
CAN
Charge/discharge
12
Technischer Pressetag Dr. Heckenberger Mai 2009 p0086.ppt
The copying, distribution and utilization of this document as well as the communication of its contents to others without expressed authorization is prohibited.
Offenders will be held liable for the payment of damages. All rights reserved in the event of the grant of a patent, utility model or ornamental design registration.
Summary
The approach to Li-ion battery cooling depends on the cell type and application.
Behr has over 4 years’ experience in battery cooling and provides a tightly-knit development
process from simulation through validation.
The world’s first direct refrigerant-based cooling system for Li-ion batteries will go into series
production in the Mercedes S400 BlueHYBRID in 2009.
Additional series production orders for battery cooling components have been received.
Behr has successfully developed various battery cooling systems for mild and full hybrids, plug-in
hybrids, and electric vehicles, and supplies the necessary associated components.
Direct refrigerant-based cooling is the compact solution for mild and full hybrids.
We favor secondary circuit cooling for plug-in hybrids and electric vehicles.
This enables valuable electric energy for powering the refrigerant compressor to be saved when
outside temperatures are low.
13
Technischer Pressetag Dr. Heckenberger Mai 2009 p0086.ppt
The copying, distribution and utilization of this document as well as the communication of its contents to others without expressed authorization is prohibited.
Offenders will be held liable for the payment of damages. All rights reserved in the event of the grant of a patent, utility model or ornamental design registration.