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    Open A Windows Command Prompt

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    Leidy Lorena Valderrama Cerquera
    This document describes observing DNS resolution through three exercises: 1. Ping a URL and view the DNS translation to an IP address. 2. Use nslookup to query DNS servers for domain names and IP addresses. 3. Use nslookup with the MX record type to identify mail servers for a domain.

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    Open A Windows Command Prompt

    Uploaded by

    Leidy Lorena Valderrama Cerquera
    141 views7 pages
    This document describes observing DNS resolution through three exercises: 1. Ping a URL and view the DNS translation to an IP address. 2. Use nslookup to query DNS servers for domain names and IP addresses. 3. Use nslookup with the MX record type to identify mail servers for a domain.

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    15.4.8

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    This document describes observing DNS resolution through three exercises: 1. Ping a URL and view the DNS translation to an IP address. 2. Use nslookup to query DNS servers for domain names and IP addresses. 3. Use nslookup with the MX record type to identify mail servers for a domain.

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    141 views7 pages

    Open A Windows Command Prompt

    Uploaded by

    Leidy Lorena Valderrama Cerquera
    This document describes observing DNS resolution through three exercises: 1. Ping a URL and view the DNS translation to an IP address. 2. Use nslookup to query DNS servers for domain names and IP addresses. 3. Use nslookup with the MX record type to identify mail servers for a domain.

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    You are on page 1of 7

    15.4.

    8 Lab – Observe DNS Resolution Answers


    Objectives
    Part 1: Observe the DNS Conversion of a URL to an IP Address
    Part 2: Observe DNS Lookup Using the nslookup Command on a Web
    Site
    Part 3: Observe DNS Lookup Using the nslookup Command on Mail
    Servers
    Background / Scenario
    The Domain Name System (DNS) is invoked when you type a Uniform
    Resource Locator (URL), such as http://www.cisco.com, into a web
    browser. The first part of the URL describes which protocol is used.
    Common protocols are Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), Hypertext
    Transfer Protocol over Secure Socket Layer (HTTPS), and File Transfer
    Protocol (FTP).
    DNS uses the second part of the URL, which in this example
    is www.cisco.com. DNS translates the domain name (www.cisco.com) to an
    IP address to allow the source host to reach the destination server. In this
    lab, you will observe DNS in action and use the nslookup (name server
    lookup) command to obtain additional DNS information.
    Required Resources
    1 PC (Windows with internet and command prompt access)
    Part 1:  Observe the DNS Conversion of a URL to an IP Address
    1. Open a Windows command prompt.
    Open a Windows command prompt.
    2. At the command prompt, ping the URL for the Internet Corporation for
    Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) at www.icann.org. ICANN
    coordinates the DNS, IP addresses, top-level domain name system
    management, and root server system management functions. The
    computer must translate www.icann.org into an IP address to know where
    to send the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) packets.
    The first line of the output displays www.icann.org converted to an IP
    address by DNS. You should be able to see the effect of DNS, even if
    your institution has a firewall that prevents pinging, or if the destination
    server has prevented you from pinging its web server.
    Note: If the domain name is resolved to an IPv6 address, use the
    command ping -4 www.icann.org to translate into an IPv4 address if
    desired.
    Record the IP addresses for www.icann.org.
    192.0.32.7 and 2620:0:2d0:200::7

    3. Type the IPv4 addresses from step b into a web browser, instead of the
    URL. Enter https://192.0.32.7 in the web browser. If your computer
    has an IPv6 address you can enter the IPv6
    address. https://[2620:0:2d0:200::7] in the web browser.
    4. Notice that the ICANN home web page is displayed without using DNS.
    Most humans find it easier to remember words, rather than numbers. If
    you tell someone to go to www.icann.org, they can probably remember
    that. If you told them to go to 192.0.32.7, they would have a difficult time
    remembering an IP address. Computers process in numbers. DNS is the
    process of translating words into numbers. Additionally, there is a second
    translation that takes place. Humans think in Base 10 numbers.
    Computers process in Base 2 numbers. The Base 10 IP address
    192.0.32.7 in Base 2 numbers
    is 11000000.00000000.00100000.00000111. What happens if you cut
    and paste these Base 2 numbers into a browser?

    El sitio web no se muestra. El código de software utilizado en los


    navegadores web reconoce los números de Base 10. No reconoce
    los números de Base 2.

    5. At a command prompt, ping www.cisco.com.
    Note: If the domain name is resolved to an IPv6 address, use the
    command ping -4 www.cisco.com to translate into an IPv4 address if
    desired.

    C:\> ping www.cisco.com

    When you ping www.cisco.com, do you get the same IP address as the
    example? Explain.
    La respuesta variará dependiendo de dónde se encuentre
    geográficamente. Cisco aloja su contenido web en una serie de
    servidores espejo. Esto significa que Cisco carga el mismo
    contenido exacto de diversidad geográfica (repartidos por todo lo
    largo del mundo) servidores. Cuando alguien intenta acceder a
    www.cisco.com , el tráfico se dirige al servidor espejo más cercano.

    Type the IP address that you obtained when you pinged www.cisco.com
    into a browser. Does the web site display? Explain.

    Th e Cisco sitio web no se muestra . Hay al menos dos posibles


    explicaciones para esto: 1. Algunos servidores web
    están configurados para aceptar direcciones IP enviadas desde un
    navegador y otros no. 2 . Puede ser una regla de firewall en el sistema de
    seguridad de Cisco que prohíbe el envío de una dirección IP a través de
    un navegador. Dependiendo del navegador web, también puede recibir un
    mensaje que indica que la conexión no es segura o que hay un error de
    certificado.

    Part 2: Observe DNS Lookup Using the nslookup Command on a Web Site
    1. At the command prompt, type the nslookup command. Your result will
    be different than the example.

    C:\> nslookup

    What is the default DNS server used?


    Depende del sitio

    2. Notice how the command prompt changed to a greater than (>) symbol.
    This is the nslookup prompt. From this prompt, you can enter commands
    related to DNS.
    At the prompt, type ? to see a list of all the available commands that you
    can use in nslookup mode.
    3. At the nslookup prompt, type www.cisco.com.
    What is the translated IPv4 address?

    Desde una ubicación específica, 23.7.7 .192


    Note: The IP address from your location will most likely be different because
    Cisco uses mirrored servers in various locations around the world.

    Is it the same as the IP address shown with the ping command?

    Sí
    Under addresses, in addition to the 172.230.155.162 IP address, there are the
    following numbers: 2600:1404:a:395::b33 and 2600:1404:a:38e:::b33. What are
    these?
    IPv6 ( IP versión 6 ) Direcciones IP en las que se puede acceder al sitio
    web.

    4. At the nslookup prompt, type the IP address of the Cisco web server that
    you just found. You can use nslookup to get the domain name of an IP
    address if you do not know the URL.

    You can use the nslookup tool to translate domain names into IP addresses.


    You can also use it to translate IP addresses into domain names.
    Question:
    Using the nslookup tool, record the IP addresses associated
    with www.google.com

    Part 3: Observe DNS Lookup Using the nslookup Command on Mail


    Servers
    1. At the nslookup prompt, type set type=mx to use nslookup to identify
    mail servers.
    > set type=mx
    2. At the nslookup prompt, type cisco.com.
    A fundamental principle of network design is redundancy (more than one mail
    server is configured). In this way, if one of the mail servers is unreachable, then
    the computer making the query tries the second mail server. Email
    administrators determine which mail server is contacted first by using MX
    preference. The mail server with the lowest MX preference is contacted first.
    Based upon the output above, which mail server will be contacted first when the
    email is sent to cisco.com?

    rcdn-mx-01.cisco.com
    3. At the nslookup prompt, type exit to return to the regular PC command
    prompt.
    4. At the PC command prompt, type ipconfig /all.
    Question:
    Write the IP addresses of all the DNS servers that your school uses.
    Type your answers here.
    Depende del sitio.
    Reflection Question

    What is the fundamental purpose of DNS?

    El DNS actúa básicamente como la guía telefónica de Internet. Entonces


    DNS traduce los nombres a números. Los números pueden ser IPv4 o
    IPv6.

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