7 STC TRS Con 02 I Relays & Switches

 Each relay in a protection scheme performs certain
function and responds according to a certain type of

change in the circuit quantities.
 For example one type of relay may operate when the

current increases above a certain magnitude, while
another may compare current and voltage and operate
when the ratio V/ I is less than a given value.
 The first relay is known as an over current relay while the
latter an under impedance relay.
 Similarly various combinations of these electrical

quantities could be worked out according to the
requirements.
Some of the important terms used for relays are
defined below:
Protective Relay
An electrical device designed to initiate isolation of a

part of an electrical installation or to operate an alarm signal,
in the event of an abnormal condition or a fault.
Characteristic Quantity
• The quantity to which the relay is designed to respond i.e.

current in an over current relay, impedance in an
impedance relay, phase angle in a directional relay, etc.
• Some relays have a calibrated response to one or more

quantities, such quantities are called characteristic
quantities.
Setting
• The actual value of the energizing or characteristic
quantity at which the relay is designed to operate under
given conditions.
Pickup
A relay is said to pickup when it moves from the off

position to the on position. The value of the characteristic
quantity above, which this change occurs, is known as pickup
value.
Dropout or Reset
A relay is said to dropout when it moves from the on

position to the off position. The value of the characteristic
quantity below which this change occurs is known as dropout
or reset value.
Primary Relays
• Those relay which are connected directly in the protected
circuit.
Secondary Relay
• Those relays connected to the protected circuit through current
and potential transformers.
Auxiliary Relays
• Relays which operate in response to the opening or closing of its
operating circuit to assist another relay in the performance of its
function. The auxiliary relay may be instantaneous or may have
a time lag and may operate within large limits of the
characteristic quantity.
Backup relay
• A relay, which operates usually after slight time delays if

the normal relay, does not operate to trip its circuit breaker.
A backup relay acts as a second line of defense.
Consistency
• Accuracy with which the relay can repeat its electrical or

time characteristics.
Flag or Target
• A device used for indicating the operation of a relay, it is

usually spring or gravity operated.
Blocking
• Preventing the protective relay from tripping either due to

its own characteristic or due to an additional relay.
• Normally closed type (NC type):- The interlock which is
normally closed when relay is in de-energised condition,
and the interlock gets open when relay is energised.
• Normally Open type (NO type):- The interlock which is

normally open when relay is in de-energised condition,
and the interlock closes when relay is energised.
RELAYS - TYPES
Mechanical Electrical
 Air Flow Relays  Current Relays
 Oil Flow Relays  Voltage (Tension)

Relays
 Pressure type
Relays  Functional Relays
 Signaling Relays
 Earth fault Relays

Electrical Relays Mechanical
Relays
Current Voltage Functional type Signaling Earth Air Oil
type type type Fault Flow Flow
QLM Q20 Q44, Q45, QV 60 QOP 1/2 QVMT 1/2 QPH
QRSI 1/2 Q30 Q46, Q48, QV 61 QOA QVSI 1/2
QE QCVAR Q49, Q50, QV 62 QVSL 1/2
QF 1/2 Q51, Q52, QV 63 QVRH
QD 1/2 Q100, Q118, QV 64 QVRF
Q119, QWC, QV LSOL
QTD 105, 106
QPR 1, QPR2,
QFL
QEMS, QSVM
QCON, QSIT
QTD101, QVCD
 Current Relays
 Over Current Relays
QLM, QRSI1, QRSI2,
QE, QF1 & QF2
 Differential Current Relays
QD 1 & QD 2
 Location – Relay panel
 Normal position is de-energise.
 Connected in feeding power circuit to roof bushing bar

between DJ & TFWR with TFILM.
 In the event of over current, this relay gets energises and

trips DJ/VCB.
 When energised, a red target drops on the face of the

Relay.
 Connected in traction power circuit between TFWP

secondary winding & RSI.
 In the event of over current, this relay gets energises and

trip DJ.
 When energised, a red target drops on the face of the Relay.

 Connected in Rheostatic Braking.
 In the event of over current into ATFEX, this relay gets

energised and causes auto regression of GR.
 When energised, a red target drops on the face of the Relay.

 Location – HT3 Compartment.
 QF 1 connected to TM 1 &
 QF 2 connected to TM 4.
 In the event of over current to braking resistances (RFs),

this relay gets energises and causes auto regression of GR.
 When energised, a red target drops on the face of the relay.

 Differential relay
 Location – QD1=HT1-BA1
QD2=HT3-BA2
 QD1 connected between TM1 & TM3
 QD2 connected between TM4 & TM6
 In the event of difference of current, this relay gets

energised and causes auto regression of GR, auto sanding
& LSP glowing.
 Voltage Relays
 Over voltage relay Q 20
 No or Low voltage relay Q 30

 Location – HT1-BA1.
 Connected across RSI 1 output.
 In the event of over Voltage to TMs, this Relay gets

energised and causes auto regression of GR.
 Location – Relay panel.
 Normal position is energise.
 Connected across TFWA (between U and V phases).
 In the event of No or Low Voltage in OHE, this Relay de-

energises and causes tripping of DJ/VCB.
 Protection Relays
 QV60: LSDJ
 QV61: LSCHBA
 QV62: LSGR
 QV63: LSRSI
 QV64: LSB
 Control Relays
 Q 100
 Q 50
 Q 49
 Q 52
 Q 51
PLUNGER
COIL
INTERLOCKS
 Protection Relays
 Q118: Auxiliary protection Relay.
 Q44: GR Half notch protection Relay.
 Q46: GR Full notch protection Relay.
 QCVAR: ARNO protection Relay.

 Special Type Relays
 Earth fault protection Relays
 Time lag Relays
 Time delay Relays

 Earth Fault Protection Relays
 QOA
 QOP 1
 QOP 2
 Special Type Relays
 Time lag relays Q 118, Q 44
 Time delay relays QTD 105, QTD 106

Mechanical Relays
Air Flow
Oil Flow Pressure type
(Circulating type)
QVMT 1/2 QPH QPDJ, RGCP,
QVSI 1/2 RGAF, SWC,
QVSL 1/2 RGEB2,
QVRH P1, P2
QVRF
Switch is a device, Which is used to close or open the circuit.
 Knife switch
 Rotating switch
 Lever switch
 Push button switch
 Pedal switch
 Link switch
 It have two positions (ON & OFF)
 ON: It will close the circuit
 OFF: It will open the circuit.
Example:
• HOBA (Switch panel)
• HQOP1 (HT3)
• HQOP2 (HT3)
 It will have different positions.
 Each position closes individually circuit or circuits.
 It can operate different circuits.
 This is also called as programming switch.
Example:
• HPH, HVSI 1, HVSI 2, HVSL 1, HVSL 2, HVMT1,
HVMT2 with 0,1,2,3 positions.
• HMCS 1, HMCS 2, ZPV with 1,2,3,4, positions,
• HCP with 0, 1, 2, 3, 1/2, 1/3, 2/3, 1/2/3 positions.
ZCPA
0: MCPA isolated.
1: MCPA in service.
HQOA
0: Resistance added.
1: Resistance isolated.
HQCVAR
0: QCVAR isolated.
1: QCVAR in service.
HPH, HVSI 1 & 2, HVSL 1 & 2, HVMT 1 & 2
0: Motor & Relay both isolated.
1: Motor & Relay both in service.
2: Relay in service & Motor isolated.
3: Motor in service & Relay isolated.
HMCS 1
1: TM1, TM2 & TM3 in service HMCS 2
2: TM1 isolated 1: TM4, TM5 & TM6 in service
3: TM2 isolated 2: TM4 isolated
4: TM3 isolated 3: TM5 isolated
4: TM6 isolated
HCP
0: MCP1, MCP2, MCP3 isolated.
1: MCP1 in service.
2: MCP2 in service.
3: MCP3 in service.
1/2: MCP1 & MCP2 in service.
1/2/3: MCP1, MCP2 & MCP2 in service.
 It have two positions
 CLOSE & OPEN
 Operated manually by a lever
Example:
• BLDJ (BL BOX)
• BLCP (BL BOX)
• BLVMT (BL BOX)

 It have two positions CLOSE & OPEN.
 It is a spring loaded switch.
 Normal position: OPEN.
 On closing the switch, circuit will close.
 On releasing the hand, it will come to it’s normal position.
Example: BLRDJ (For closing DJ)

 It have two positions CLOSE & OPEN.
 Normal position: OPEN (closes the circuit)
 On closing the switch, circuit will open.
Example:
BLSN
(For opening of DJ & lowering of panto in rear loco of MU)

 It is a spring loaded switch.
 Used momentarily to close or open a circuit.
 There are two types:
A. Normally Open
B. Normally Closed
 On pressing the switch, it closes the circuit and maintaining the
circuit in closed condition.
 When the switch is released the switch will return to open

position under the spring tension and the circuit is opened.
Example:
a. BP2 DJ (relay panel) for closing DJ.
b. BPP: (Desk) For Progression of GR
c. BPR: (Desk) For Regression of GR
d. BPT: (Desk) For testing of LSRSI & LSP.

1. On pressing the switch, it opens the circuit.
2. When not pressed, it closes the circuit.
Example:
BP1DJ (Relay Panel) – for opening DJ

 It is operated by foot
 Located in front of loco pilot seat in the bottom portion
Example:
a. PVEF: To isolate loco brakes, while applying A9.
b. PSA: To operate sander valves.

 It have two positions.
 Open & Close
 Normal position is CLOSE
 In close position circuit will be closed.
 In open position circuit will be opened.
Example: HPT1 & HPT2

(On loco roof – to isolate pantograph)

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 Each relay in a protection scheme performs certain

function and responds according to a certain type of

 For example one type of relay may operate when the

 Similarly various combinations of these electrical

An electrical device designed to initiate isolation of a

• The quantity to which the relay is designed to respond i.e.

• Some relays have a calibrated response to one or more

A relay is said to pickup when it moves from the off

A relay is said to dropout when it moves from the on

• A relay, which operates usually after slight time delays if

• Accuracy with which the relay can repeat its electrical or

• A device used for indicating the operation of a relay, it is

• Preventing the protective relay from tripping either due to

• Normally Open type (NO type):- The interlock which is

 Oil Flow Relays  Voltage (Tension)

 Earth fault Relays

 Over Current Relays

QLM, QRSI1, QRSI2,

QE, QF1 & QF2

 Differential Current Relays

 Normal position is de-energise.

 Connected in feeding power circuit to roof bushing bar

 In the event of over current, this relay gets energises and

 When energised, a red target drops on the face of the

 Normal position is de-energise.

 Connected in traction power circuit between TFWP

 In the event of over current, this relay gets energises and

 When energised, a red target drops on the face of the Relay.

 Normal position is de-energise.

 Connected in Rheostatic Braking.

 In the event of over current into ATFEX, this relay gets

 When energised, a red target drops on the face of the Relay.

 Normal position is de-energise.

 In the event of over current to braking resistances (RFs),

 When energised, a red target drops on the face of the relay.

 Normal position is de-energise.

 QD1 connected between TM1 & TM3

 QD2 connected between TM4 & TM6

 In the event of difference of current, this relay gets

 Over voltage relay Q 20

 No or Low voltage relay Q 30

 Normal position is de-energise.

 Connected across RSI 1 output.

 In the event of over Voltage to TMs, this Relay gets

 Normal position is energise.

 Connected across TFWA (between U and V phases).

 In the event of No or Low Voltage in OHE, this Relay de-

 Q118: Auxiliary protection Relay.

 Q44: GR Half notch protection Relay.

 Q46: GR Full notch protection Relay.

 QCVAR: ARNO protection Relay.

 Earth fault protection Relays

 Time lag Relays

 Time delay Relays

 Time lag relays Q 118, Q 44

 Time delay relays QTD 105, QTD 106

QVMT 1/2 QPH QPDJ, RGCP,

QVSI 1/2 RGAF, SWC,