Thermo Excercise
Thermo Excercise
Thermo Excercise
1. A steam turbine receives 35 kg/min of steam with h = 3722.04 KJ/kg and a velocity of 30.5 m/sec. It leaves the turbine
at 275 m/sec and 3070.7 KJ/kg enthalpy. Heat loss due to radiation is 24.6 KW. Find the power output of the turbine in
KW.
System: Open System (Steam Turbine)
m = 35 kg/min = 0.5833 kg/sec
h1 = 3722.04 KJ/kg
v1 = 30.5 m/sec
v2 = 275 m/sec
h2 = 3070.7 KJ/kg
Q = 24.6 KW
PE = 0
W = 429.5 KW
2. The enthalpy of air is increased by 139.6 KJ/kg in a compressor. The rate of air flow is 16.4 kg/min. The work input to
the air is 48.2 KW. Assuming KE and PE are negligible, compute the heat loss in KW.
System: Open System (Air Compressor; work done on the system)
3. A closed system containing a gas expands slowly in a piston /cylinder from 600 KPa and 0.10 m 3 to a final volume of 0.50
m3. Determine the work done if the pressure distribution is determined to be;
a) PV = C
b) PV1.4 = C
For a Closed System
2
W 1 PdV
PV C
P1V1 P2V2 C
C
P
V
1 2 2 dV
W C1 dV C1
V V
V2
W P1V1 ln
V1
0.50
W 600(0.10) ln 96.57 KJ
0.10
4. A hydraulic pump is handling 8.5 m3/min of water ( = 1000 kg/m3) through a 20 cm ID suction line
and a 15 cm ID discharge line. The suction gauge is on the pump centerline and reads 254 mm Hg
vacuum. The discharge gauge is 6 m above the pump centerline. If the work done on the water is
100 KW, find the reading of the discharge gauge in KPa. (1 HP = 0.746 KW)
5. Steam enters an adiabatic turbine at 5 MPa and 500 C, and after a steady-state, steady- flow process, the exhaust is 0.01
MPa and x = 95%. Neglecting KE and PE between inlet and exit points of the turbine, Determine
a) the work in KW for a steam flow rate of 1 kg/sec
b) the steam flow rate if the turbine work is 500 KW.
6. The diameters of the suction and discharge pipes of a pump are 152 mm and 102 mm, respectively. The discharge
pressure is read by a gauge at a point 1.5 m above the pump centerline and the suction pressure is read by a gauge 61
cm below the pump centerline. If the discharge pressure gauge reads 137.9 KPa and the suction gauge reads a vacuum of
253 mm Hg, when gasoline (S=0.75) is pumped at the rate of 34 L/sec, find the power delivered to the fluid. If the pump
is 75% efficient and is driven by a 3-phase, 440 V, 0.9 Power Factor and 92% efficiency induction motor, Determine the
cost of power for 24 hrs operation if power costs P 0.30/KW-hr, and the line current drawn by the motor.
7.
A turbine receives steam at 2 MPa and 500 C at a velocity of 10 m/sec.The steam leaves the turbine at 101 KPa and 373 K with a
velocity of 50 m/sec. Thermal energy is lost from the turbine walls at a rate of 5 KJ/hr. The potential energy due to
elevation difference between the inlet and exit can be neglected. Calculate the power developed by the turbine if 4000
kg/hr of steam pass through the turbine.
8. Work is done by a substance in a reversible nonflow manner in accordance with V = 700/P m 3, where P in KPa. Evaluate
the work done on or by the substance as the increases from 70 KPa to 700 KPa.
m
ρ
V
No. 22 (First Law:Open system) m ρV 1.26( 8.5 ) 10.71 kg/min 0.1785kg/sec
An air compressor handles 8.5 m3/min of air with a density of 1.26 kg/m3 and
a pressure of 101 KPaa and discharges at 546 Q ΔU Δ(Pυ ) ΔKE ΔPE W KPaa with a density of 4.86
kg/m3. The changes in specific internal energy W Q - ΔU - Δ(Pυ ) - ΔKE - ΔPE across the compressor is 82
KJ/kg and the heat loss by cooling is 24 KJ/kg. W Q - (U2 - U1 ) - (P2υ2 - P1υ1 ) - 0 - 0 Neglecting changes in
kinetic and potential energies, find the work in KW.
P P
W Q - (U2 - U1 ) - 2 1
ρ2 ρ1
546 101 KJ
2 W ( 24) ( 82) 138.2
1 4.86 1 .26 kg
W In KW
Q W 0.1785(-138.2) 24.67 KW
W 24.67 KW (Work is done on the system)
No. 24 (First Law: Closed System)
A closed gaseous system undergoes a reversible process in which 30 KJ of heat are rejected and the volume changes from 0.14
m3 to 0.55 m3. The pressure is constant at 150 KPa. Determine the change in internal energy of the system and the work done.
Q ΔU W
W PdV
at P C
W P dV P(V2 - V1 )
W 150( 0.55 0.14) 61.5 KJ
ΔU Q - W -30 - 61.5 -91.5KJ
Q Δh ΔKE ΔPE W 1 2
0 Δh ΔKE 0 0
ΔKE Δh For Adiabatic Q
2 2 = 0 and for a
v 2 v1
( h2 h1 ) Nozzle W = 0
2( 1000)
v 2 2( 1000)( h1 h2 ) v 12
h U Pυ
h1 2510 ( 1378)( 0.147) 2712.6 KJ/kg
h2 2263 ( 137.8 )( 1.099) 2401.9 KJ/kg
v 2 788.3 m/sec
V
υ
m
V 0.15
mL L 147.07 kg
υ f 1.0199x 10 3
Q ΔU W
V 0.35
mV v W 0PdV
.0565kg
υg 6197x 10 3
at V
m mL mv 147.1265 kgC ; dV 0
W 0
mv 0.0565
x Q0Δ.0004
U
m 147.1265
m3
υ fg ( 6197 1.0199)10 3 6195.9801x 10 3
kg
m3
υ 1.0199 0.0004( 6195.9801) 10 3 3.4 x 10 3
kg
U1 272.02 0.0004( 2191.1) 272.896 KJ/kg
At 3500 KPa
Uf = 1045.43 KJ/kg ; Ufg = 1558.3 KJ/kg
f = 1.2347 x 10-3 ; g = 57.07 x 10-3
fg = 55.8353 x 10-3 m3/kg
3.4 = 1.2347 + x2(55.8353)
X2 = 0.039
U2 = 1045.43 + 0.039(1558.3) = 1105.86 KJ/kg
Q = m(U2 – U1) = 147.1265(1105.86 – 272.896) = 122,551 KJ
Saturated
vapor
2 = 1080.3 x 10-3 m3/kg
U2 = 2654.4 KJ/kg; S2 = 7.5066
V
υ
m
0.025
m 0.1963kg
127.36 x10 3
Q ΔU W
Q TΔS 473(7.5066 6.4323) 508.14 KJ/kg
ΔU ( 2654.4 2595.3 ) 59.1KJ / kg
W Q ΔU 449.04 KJ/kg
In KJ
W 0.1963( 449.04) 88.15 KJ
dh dU Pd υ υdP
2
But at P C, dP 0
1
dh dU Pd υ dQ P = 400
KPa
Q Δh
V
Q ΔU W
W PdV at P C
W P( υ2 - υ1 )
Q = m(h2 – h1) = 0.5(3066.8 – 1524.65) = 771.08 KJ
U = m(U2 – U1) = 0.5(2804.8 – 1444.65) = 680.08 KJ
W = Q - U = 771.08 – 680.08 = 91 KJ
h2 = 2964.05 KJ/kg
From Steam Table or Mollier Chart (superheated state)
At P = 1600 KPa and h = 2964.05 KJ/kg
t = 269.4C
= 0.14835 m3/kg
Av From Continuity Equation
m
υ
mυ2 0.5( 0.14835)
A2 0.000135 m 2
v2 550
π
A d2
4
4A
d 0.0131 m 1.31 cm
π
IDEAL GAS
8.3143 8.3143 KJ
R 0.2969
M 28 kg - K
PV mRT
V RT
υ
m P
RT 0.2969( 500)
P 371.125 KPa
υ 0.4
No. 35 (Ideal Gas)
For a certain ideal gas R = 0.270 KJ/kg-K and k = 1.25. Determine Cp, Cv and M.
Rk 0.270( 1.25 )
Cp 1.35 KJ/kg - K
k 1 1.25 1
R
Cv 1.08 KJ/kg - K
k 1
8.3143 8.3143
M 30.8 kg/kg mol
R 0.270
m Mn
1.82 16n
nCH4 0.11375
m
nCO 2
44
From Avogadro' s Law
nCO 2 nCH4
VCO 2 VCH4
m 0.11375
44( 0.85 ) 0.142
mCO 2 30 kg
y i Mi y i Mi 8.3143 8.3143 KJ
xi R 0.231
M 36 kg - K
y M i i M
Pi
M 0.50( 28 ) 0.50( 44) 36 yi
P
0.50( 28 )
x N2 0.39 138
36 0.50
P
0.50( 44)
xCO 2 0.61 P 276 KPa
36
PN
m 0.50 2
xi i 276
m
mCO 2 PN2 0.50( 276 ) 138 KPa
xCO 2
mCO 2 mN2
3.6
0.61
3.6 mN2
3.6
mN2 3.6 2.3 kg
0.61
No. 2
One mole of a gaseous mixture has the following gravimetric analysis; O 2 = 16% ; CO2 = 44%; N2 = 40%.
Find
a) the molecular weight of the mixture
b) the mass of each constituent
c) the moles of each constituent in the mixture
d) the gas constant R
e) the partial pressure for P = 207 KPa
xi
yi M
xi
M
x i 0.16 0.44 0.40
M
32
44
28
0.0293
yO2 0.171
yCO 2 0.341
y N2 0.488
M y M 34.14 kg/kg
i i mol
R 0.244 KJ/kg - K
n
yi i
n
n1
nO2 0.171; nCO 2 0.341; nN2 0.488
Gas Mixture
A blower compresses 0.02 m 3/sec of gaseous mixture that has the following volumetric analysis: CO 2 = 11% ; O2 = 8% ; CO =
1% ; N2 = 80% ; from 101 Kpa and 27 C to 180 KPa. Assuming the compression to be isentropic, find the work in KW.
For CO : For O : For CO: For N :
M =44 M = 32 M = 28 M = 28
K = 1.288 K = 1.295 K = 1.399 K = 1.399
No. 3
A 0.23 m3 drum contains a gaseous mixture of CO 2 and CH4 each 50% by mass at P =689 KPa and T = 311 K. 1 kg of O2 is added to
the drum with the mixture temperature remaining at 311K. For the final mixture, Find
a) the gravimetric analysis
b) the volumetric analysis
c) the Cp and Cv
d) the total pressure P
xi
Mi
yi
xi
Mi For
x i 0.50 0.50 CO2: M = 44 ; k = 1.288; Cv = 0.656
Mi
44
16
0.043
CH4: M = 16 ; k = 1.321; Cv = 1.62
yCO 2 0.26 O2: M = 32 ; k = 1.395; Cv = 0.658
yCH4 0.74 mi
xi
M 0.26( 44 ) 0.74( 16 ) 23.3 kg/kg mol m
R 0.357 KJ/kg - K mCO 2 0.50( 1.43) 0.715 kg
PV mRT mCH4 0.50(1.43) 0.715 kg
689(0.23) with 1 kg of O2 added
m 1.43 kg
0.357( 311) m 0.715 0.715 1 2.43 kg
GIVEN :
a)
V 3 m 3 0 .715
;P 101 KPa ; T 308 K ; y CH 4 60% ; y O 2 40%
x 0.60(16)
M CO
0.29 29%
0.40(32) 22.4
2
2.43
8.3143 KJ
R 0.715
0.371
xCH422.4 0.29
kg - 29
K%
PV mRT2.43
1
101(3)
mxO 0.42 42%
2
2.43
0.371(308)
b) m 2.65 kg
yiMi
xi xi 0.29 0.29 0.42
x
MM0.60(16)
44 16
i
0.429 32
0.038
CH 4
22.4
0.17 17%
yCO 2 0.40(32)
xO2 0.571
y CH4 022.4
.48 48%
m CH 4
c) 02.65
yO42
x CH .35 35%
m CH 4 1.137 kg
mMO
0.2.65
17( 44 ) 0.48
- 1.137 16 ) kg
(1.513 0.35( 32) 26.36 Kg/kg mol
2
a) KJ
C
x C 0.29( 0.656 ) 0.29( 1.62) 0.42( 0.658) 0.9364
at y CH 4v 0.50 ;i yViO 2 0.50 kg - K
M 0.50(16) 0.50(32) 24
8.3143 KJ
R 8.3143 0.315 KJ
R 26
24
.36 0.346 kg - K
kg - K
0.50(16) KJ
p C
xCCH v R 1.2514
0.33
24 kg - K
4
x O 2 0.67
d) 1.137 m CH 4
x CH 4
2.65 m CH 4
PV mRT
1.137 m CH
0.332.
432.65
( 0.315 )( 311)
4
P m CH 1035 KPa
4
0. 23
m CH - 0.39 kg ; therefore some CH 4 is removed from the mixture because it is negative.
$
2.65 m
b) The amount of O2 in kg Othat must be added at 308K to change the volumetric analysis to
2
m O 0.796
50% for each component.
2
Steam enters and adiabatic turbine at 1 MPa and 600C and exits at 50 KPa and 150C. Determine the work per kg of steam.
At 1 MPa and 600C (superheated state)
h1 = 3697.9 KJ/kg
S1 = 8.029 KJ/kg-K
At 50 KPa and 150C (superheated state)
h2 =2780.1 KJ/kg
S2 = 7.9401 KJ/kg-K
W= (h1 – h2) = 917.8 KJ/kg
No. 12 (Pure Substance; Steam Turbine)
A steam turbine receives 5 kg/sec of steam at 2 MPa and 600 C and discharges the steam as a saturated vapor at 100 KPa. The
heat loss through the turbine is 6 KW. Determine the power.
At 2 MPa and 600C (Superheated state)
h1 = 3690.1 KJ/kg
At 100 KPa and x = 1(saturated vapor)
h2 = 2675.5 KJ/kg
m 1
Q Δh ΔKE ΔPE W W
ΔKE 0 ; ΔPE 0
2
W Q - Δh Q= m
Δh 5(2675.5 - 3690.1) 5073 KW -6K
W
V
υ
T
m
2
19.523
7.384
KPa
P=
m
2
m 0.1024 kg
19.523
500
C
T
P = 1000
KPa
No. 17 (Pure substance)
Steam has a quality of 90% at 200 C. determine the enthalpy and the specific volume.
From saturated liquid and saturated vapor table, at 200C
vf = 0.001157 m3/kg ; hf = 852.48 KJ/kg
vg = 0.127642 m3/kg ; hg = 2793.15 KJ/kg
0C
r = rf + xrfg
20
x = 0.90
T
hfg = hg – hf = 2793.15 – 852.48 = 1940.67 KJ/kg
vfg = vg - vf = 0.127642 – 0.001157 = 0.126485 m3/kg
1553.8
Psat =90%
KPa
h = hf + xhfg
h = 852.48 + 0.90(1940.67) = 2599.083 KJ/kg
x=
v = vf + xvfg
v = 0.001157 + 0.90(0.126485) = 0.115 m3/kg
h1 = h 2
P1 =
h1 = hf1 + x1(hfg1) = h2
1 x1 =
x1 = 0.9432 = 94.32%
2
V 0.4
υ 0.20 m 3 /kg
m 4
υ υ f xυ fg υ f x( υg υ f )
0.20 0.001101 x( 0.3157 0.001101)
x 0.6322
mV
x
m
mv 1.2644 kg
m mv mL
mL 0.7356 kg
V
υ
m
VL υ f ( mL ) 0.0008 m 3
Vv υg ( mv ) 0.3992 m 3
PROCESSES OF FLUIDS
N0. 14 (Isothermal Process; Open system; Ideal Gas)
An ideal compressor compresses 12 kg/min of air isothermally from 99 KPa and a specific volume of 0.81 m 3/kg to a final
pressure of 600 KPa. Determine the work and the heat loss in KW.
For Isothermal Process Open system with ΔKE 0 and ΔPE 0
P2 P
W - VdP -P1V1ln mRT 1 ln 1
P1 P2
P1υ1 RT 1
99( 0.81)
T1 279.4 K
0.287
99
W 12( 0.287 )( 279.4 ) ln
1733.8 KJ/min 29 KW
600
W 29 KW (work is done on the system)
No. 15(Isometric Process; Ideal Gas)
Air from the discharge of a compressor enters a 1 m 3 storage tank. The initial air pressure in the tank is 500 KPa and the
temperature is 600 K. The tank cools, and the internal energy decreases 213 KJ/kg. Determine
a) the work done
b) the heat loss Tank
V=1
c) the change of enthalpy m3
d) the final temperature T1 = Q
For Air: 600K
R = 0.287 KJ/kg-K P1 = 500
KPa
k = 1.4 At V C
Cv = 0.7175 KJ/kg-K W 0
Cp = 1.0045 KJ/kg-K Q mΔU
ΔU C v (T2 - T1 )
P1V mRT 1
500( 1)
m 2.9 kg
0.287( 600)
Q 2.9(-213) 617.7 KJ
Q 617.7 KJ (heat is rejected)
- 213 0.7175(T2 - 600)
T2 303 K
Δh mC p ( T2 T1 ) 2.9( 1.0045)( 303 600) 865 KJ
Given:
P = 150 KPa; T1 = 285K; T2 = 550K; m = 0.05 kg
For Air: R = 0.287 KJ/kg-K ; k = 1.4; Cp = 1.0045 KJ/kg-K; Cv = 0.7175 KJ/kg-K
Solution:
At P = C; Q = h = mCp(T2 – T1)
Q = 0.05(1.0045)(550 – 285) = 13.3 KJ
h = 13.3 KJ
W = P(V2 – V1) = mR(T2 – T1) = 0.05(0.287)(550 – 285) = 3.8 KJ
Given:
m = 0.5 kg
PVn = C ; n = 1.8
P1= 5000 KPa ; V1 = 0.07 m3
P2 = 500 KPa
Req’d. W and Q
For a Closed System; PVn = C
n 1 1.8 1
P1V1 P2 n 5000( 0.07 ) 500 1.8
W 1 1 280.3 KJ
1 n P1 ( 1 1.8 ) 5000
P1V1 mRT 1
5000( 0.07 )
T1 2439K
( 0.5 )( 0.287 )
n 1
T2 P2 n
T1 P1
T2 877K
kn 1.4 1.8 KJ
C n Cv 0.7175 0.35875
1n 1 1.8 kg K
Q mC n ( T2 T1 ) 0.5( 0.35875)( 877 2439) 280.2 KJ
Q 280.2 KJ (heat is rejected)
1. If 6 L of a gas at a pressure of 100 KPa are compressed reversibly according to PV 2 = C, until the volume becomes 2 L,
Find the final pressure and the work.
GAS CYCLES
Carnot Cycle
CARNOT CYCLE
1. A Carnot engine operating between 775 K and 305K produces 54 KJ of work. Determine the change of entropy
during heat addition. (S12= 0.115 KJ/K)
TH TL 775 305 T Q
e 0.606
TH 775 T A
W H
e TL
QA
Q
54 R
QA 89 KJ S
0.606
QA TH ΔS
89 KJ
ΔS 0.115
775 K
2. A Carnot engine operates between temperatures of 1000K and 300K The engine operates at 2000 RPM and
develops 200 KW. The total engine displacement is such that the mean effective pressure is 300 Kpa.
Determine:
a) the thermal efficiency (71%)
b) the heat added ( 286 KW)
c) the total engine displacement in m3/cycle ( 0.02 m3/cycle)
1000 Q300
eT 0.70 TH
TH 11000
A 2 Q
W eQ A A
E
TL 200 Q
QA 4 Q 286 3KW
0.70 R
R TL
W Pm(VD ) S
3. A Carnot refrigerator rejects 2500 KJ of heat at 353K while using 1100 KJ of work. Find
a) the cycle low temperature
b) the COP
c) the heat absorbed or refrigerating capacity
W QR QA
1100 T 2500 QQA TH
3 2
QA T1400 KJ R Q
H
Q TL RR W
A
COP TL
W 4 TH QTL 1 Q
1400 TL A S TLA
1100 353 TL
1100TL 494 ,200 1400TL
TL 197.7K
COP 1.2727
4. A Carnot engine requires 35 KW from the hot source. The engine produces 15 KW of power and the temperature of the sink is
26C. What is the temperature of the hot source in C.(250.25C)
5. A Carnot engine operating between 775 K and 305 K produces 54 KJ of work. Determine
a) the heat supplied (90.6 KJ)
b) the S during heat rejection (-0.12 KJ/K)
c) the thermal efficiency of the engine (59.65)
6. A refrigeration system operates on the reversed Carnot cycle. The minimum and maximum temperatures are -25 C and 72C,
respectively. If the heat rejected at the condenser is 6000 KJ/min, determine:
a) the power required in KW ( 28.6 KW)
b) the tons of refrigeration developed (20.45 tons)
7. A reversed Carnot cycle is used for refrigeration and rejects 1000 KW of heat at 340 K while receiving heat at 250 K. Determine:
a) the COP (2.78)
b) the power required in KW (265 KW)
c) the refrigerating capacity in Tons (209 TR)
8. A Carnot engine operates between temperature levels of 397C and 7C and rejects 20 KJ/min to the environment. The total
network output of the engine is used to drive heat pump which is supplied with heat from the environment at 7 C and rejects
heat to a home at 40C. Determine:
a) the network delivered by the engine in KJ/min (28 KJ/min)
b) the heat supplied to the heat pump in KJ/min (237 KJ/min)
c) the overall COP for the combined devices which is defined as the energy rejected to
the home divided by the initial energy supplied to the engine. (5.5)
Carnot Cycle
A Carnot refrigerator is maintaining foodstuffs in a refrigerated area at 2 C by rejecting heat to the atmosphere at 27 C. It is desired
to maintained some frozen foods at -17C with the same sink temperature of 27C. What percent increase in work input will be
required for the frozen foods unit for the same quantity of heat Q A removed.
Carnot Engine
A Carnot heat engine receives 90 KJ from a reservoir at 627 C. It rejects heat to the environment at 27 C. One third of its work
output is used to drive a Carnot refrigerator. The refrigerator rejects 60 KJ to the environment at 27 C. Find
a) the work output of the heat engine in KJ
b) the efficiency of the heat engine
c) the temperature of the low temperature reservoir of the refrigerator in C
d) the COP of the refrigerator
Carnot Engine
A Carnot engine operates between temperature levels of 397 C and 7C and rejects 20 KJ/min to the environment. The total network
output of the engine is used to drive heat pump which is supplied with heat from the environment at 7 C and rejects heat to a home
at 40C. Determine
a. The network delivered by the engine in KJ/min
b. The heat supplied to the heat pump in KJ/min
Diesel Cycle
An air standard diesel cycle engine operates as follows; Inlet temperature = 30 C; temperature ter compression 700C; W = 590.1
KJ/kg; and QA = 925 KJ/kg. Determine
a) the compression ratio
b) the maximum cycle temperature inC
c) the cut - off ratio
RANKINE CYCLE
VAPOR POWER CYCLE
1. A 15 000 KW steam power plant operates on a Rankine cycle. Steam enters the turbine at 5 MPa and 400 C and exhaust to the
condenser at 25 mm Hg. Cooling water enters the condenser at 20 C and leaves with a temperature rise of 10C. Calculate
a. the steam flow rate in kg/sec
b. the heat absorbed by the boiler in KJ/hr
c. the cycle thermal efficiency
d. the heat rejected in the condenser in KJ/min
e. the L/min of condenser cooling water
1 T
1
ee
nn
ii
bb
rr
uu
TT
W P1
4 =
Bo
Bo
2 t P4
ile
ile Cond 3 P2 2
Q rr enser Q =
A P3
R
4 P 3 S
u
Wm
Pp
Given:
P1 = 5 MPa = 5000 KPa ; t1 = 400C At 3 to 4
P2 = 25 mm Hg = 3.33 KPa Δh υΔP
From Steam Table or Mollier Chart h4 - h3 υ3 ( P4 P3 )
At 5000 KPa and 400C
h4 108.29 0.001003( 5000 3.33)
h1 =3195.7 ; S1 = 6.6459
At S1 = S2 to 3.33 KPa h4 113.3 KJ/kg
h2 = 1982.11 ; x2 = 76.79%
At 3.33 KPa saturated liquid
h3 = 108.29 ; S3 = 0.3788 ; 3 = 0.001003 m3/kg
W Wt Wp
e
QA QA
Wp ms ( h4 h3 ) 62.12 KW
e 39 %
d) Heat rejected in the condenser (QR)
QR = ms(h2 – h3)(60) KJ/min
QR = 1,394,122.08 KJ/min
e) Cooling water flow rate in L/m
QR = mwCPw(tw) 33 ,296.44
Vw 33.363 m 3 / min 33 ,363 L/min
mw = 33,296.44 kg/min 998
Density of water at 20C = 998 kg/m3
4. A medium size steam power plant operating on a Rankine cycle generates steam at 2.5 MPa and 580 C and expands to a
condenser pressure of 7 KPa. Determine the quality of steam exiting the turbine and the cycle thermal efficiency.
From table 3 (page 49) at 2.5 MPa and 580C: h = 3641.1 KJ/kg; s = 7.5438 KJ/kg-K
From table 2 (page 8) at 7 KPa (0.007 MPa): hf = 163.4 KJkg ; hfg = 2409.1 KJ/kg
sf = 0.5592 KJ/kg-K ; sfg = 7.7167 KJ/kg-K
f = 0.001008 m3/kg
4. Steam enters a turbine at 1.4 MPa and 320 C. The turbine internal efficiency is 70% and the net load requirement is 800 KW.
The exhaust is to the back pressure system maintained at 175 KPa. Find the steam flow rate. (2.6 kg/sec)
From table 3 at 1.4 MPa and 320C: h = 3084.3 KJ/kg ; s = 7.0287 KJ/kg-K
From table 2 at 175 KPa (0.175 MPa): hf = 486.99 KJ/kg ; hfg = 2213.6 KJ/kg
s f = 1.4849 KJ/kg-K; sfg = 5.6868 KJ/kg-K
f = 0.001057 m3/kg
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Turbine Work:
KJ
Wt ( h1 h2 ) ( 1 m1 )( h3 h4 ) ( 1 m1 m2 )( h4 h5 )
kg
Pump WorK:
KJ
WP 1 ( h11 h10 )
kg
KJ
WP 2 ( 1 m1 )( h9 h8 )
kg
KJ
WP 3 ( 1 m1 m2 )( h7 h6 )
kg
KJ
W P WP 1 WP 2 WP 3
kg
60 ,000
ms kg/hr
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