Sales Digest Cases 38-47

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48. Druz-vs-
Berlmlaj, Tr.
(~Akmlm)Aed ;, 9??5> _7Mustrkm-Fmrlez *Qhe fksklterpretea
Nmsulauml
(Mcreefelt)
Bmdts7
=.Qhe C`jrkjsj spjuses jwls m 3=?-squmre feter prjperty kl Ttj. Drkstj, Im`kumc, Iu`mdml9.Jl Mucust 2, =;84, the C`jrkjsjs exedutea m
Nmsulauml
 wkth the Druz spjuses
Mberwmras, they jddupkea the rjlt pjrjl j the smka prjperty4.Jl Fmrdh ;, =;83, the C`jrkjsjs exedutea m aeea j sm`e jver the smka `mla kl mvjr j Berlmlaj spjuses 1.Jl Jdtjier 9=, =;;1, Berlmlaj spjuses `ea wkth the YQD m djfp`mklt jr
mddkjl pui`kdkmlm
mcmklst Druz‛s, aefmlaklc the `mer tj vmdmte the prefkses5.YQD ru`ea kl mvjr j the Berlmlaj Tpjuses. DM Mrfea kt.2.Ljw, the Druz‛s djltela thmt they hmve purdhmsea the suigedt prjperty iy vkrtue j the =;84
Nmsulauml
wkth the C`jrkjsjs>
Kssue7
=)
Dml the =;84
Nmsulauml
 ie klterpretea ms m Djltrmdt JB Tm`e, whkdh hms trmlserrea the jwlershkp jver smka prjperty tj the Druz Tpjuses:
9)
Aj the pejler hmve m superkjr rkcht j jwlershkp jver suigedt prjperty, jr the `klc j the
mdtjl pui`kdkmlm: 4)
Mre the Berlmlaj Tpjuses
iuyers kl ima bmkh: 
He`a7
=)Lj. Qhe smka djltrmdt ks gust ML JBBEY QJ TE@@9)Lj. Qhey were fere`y jddupyklc smka `jt thrjuch the tj`ermlde j the jwlers.4)Lj. Qhks ks iedmuse there wms lj prkjr peredtea sm`e j smka `jt tj the Druz spjuses mlywmy.
Aedkskjl7
-_ettjl Aelkea, Guacfel Mrfea.-
Yu`klc7 Qhe
Nmsulauml
 
(Imskd Qerfs mla Mcreefelt)m.Lm pufmymc mlc fcm fmysufijlc (reerrklc tj the C`jrkjsjs) lm
pmcik`hml
 mlc fcm kpklmcsufijlc (reerrklc tj pejlers) lm imhmck lc `upm mt mlc
kpmcikik`k
my fmy sunmt lm 9=4 fetrjlc pmrksunmt hufkckt nufu`mlc sm hm`mcmlc _1?.?? imwmt fetrjlc pmrksunmt>i.Lm sm tu`jlc pmpmpmlmuckl mlc fmckcklc nmiuumlc sunmt lm fmuunj` sm fcm kpklmcsusufijlc my 994fetrjlc pmrksunmt mt mlc =? fetrj lktj my ik`mlc nm`jji lc fcm fmysufijlc sm fcm Kpklmcsusufijlclm imhmck lc rkcht j wmy>d.Lm mlc rkcht j wmy my fmy `uwmlc lm =.35 feters fmcfu`m sm ammlc @jpez Gmelm
pmtulcj sm `knurmllc `jte lm pmctmtmyuml lc imhmy lc fcm Kpklmcsusufijlc lm nmlymlc ikik`hkl
>a.Lm mlc cucj` sm pmcpmpmsunmt mt pmcpmpmlmjc lc tu`j my pmchmhmml lc fmcnmik`mlc pmlkc lm mlcpmlkc my fmcikikcmy lc hm`mcmlc hklak nunu`mlcklc sm hm`mcmlc c-MM_MQ LM AMMLC _KTJ (_1??.??)>e.Lm mlc kpklmcsusufijlc my ymnmlc k`k`kpmt mlc imhmy sm imhmcklc nmlk`mlc
lmik`k j fmikik`k
sm iuwmllc Elerj 4=, =;81> (Efphmsks supp`kea)
=.Qhe Nmsulauml ks m Djltrmdt QJ Te``
m.Lj Aeblkte Fmller j _myfelt j _urdhmse _rkde
 
Yu`e7
 
m aelkte mcreefelt jl the fmller j pmyfelt j the prkde ks ml esselm` e`efelt kl the jrfmjl j miklaklc mla eljrdemi`e djltrmdt j sm`e (
Qjyjm Thmw-vs- DM)
j
Ljrfm``y, kl m djltrmdt tj se``,
the pmyfelt jb the purdhmse prkde ks the pjskve suspelskvedjlakjl
 upjl whkdh the trmlser j jwlershkp aepelas (Cjfez-vs-DM). J djurse, kt fmy vmryaepelaklc jl the pmres‛ mcreefelt.
 Mpp`kdmtjl7
Qhe
Nmsulauml
 ajes ljt estmi`ksh mly aelkte mcreefelt ietweel the pmres djlderlklc the terfs j pmyfelt. Shmt kt fere`y prjvkaes ks the purdhmse prkde jr the 9=4-squmre feter prjperty mt _1?.?? persqumre feter.
i.Imsea jl the telses usea, there wms jl`y ml mcreefelt tj se`
 
‐_mcik`hml‖ mla ‐Kpmcikik`k‖ (‐Mcreea tj Te``‖ tj ‐Qhe pjrjl tj ie Tj`a‖) — (m)
‐Lmik`k j Fmikik`k‖ (ijucht jr wk`` ie ijucht) — (e)
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j
Lj djlsuffmtea sm`e7 C`jrkjsjs s`` fmkltmkl jwlershkp
d.Lj jrfm` aeea j djlveymlde
Femls thmt there wms lj klteljl tj kffeakmte`y trmlser jwlershkp
a.Bmk`ure tj mikae tj the ‐suspelskve djlakjl‖ tj re`jdmte
Mcreefelt7
Qhe C`jrkjsjs were jl`y se``klc the YEMY _JYQKJL j the `jt tj the Druz‛s
Ms seel kl the prjvkskjl jl estmi`kshklc m rkcht j wmy rjf @jpez Gmelm rjma cjklc tjwmras the imdnj the `jt mla requkrklc thef tj re`jdmte thekr hjuse tj the pjrjl ieklc sj`a iy Gmlumry 4=, =;81— (i)
Eed7
‐Qhks djlakjl ks m suspelskve djlakjl ljldjfp`kmlde j whkdh preveltea the C`jrkjsjs rjf prjdeeaklc wkth the sm`e mla u`fmte`y trmlserrklc t`e tj pejlers> mla the
Nmsulauml
 rjf hmvklc ji`kcmtjry jrde‖
LJS7 sklde there wms lj re`jdmjl fmae, the C`jrkjsjs hmve lj ji`kcmjl tj djlskaer the sm`e j smka prjperty.
j
Bmk`ure tj u``` the djlakjl relaerea the djltrmdt tj se`` KLEBBEDQKRE MLA UL_EYBEDQEA
9.Lj. Qhey were fere`y jddupyklc smka `jt thrjuch the tj`ermlde jb the jwlers. (Qhe prevkjus jwler mla the C`jrkjsjs were re`mves jb the Druz spjuses). Qhekr pjssesskjl dmlljt rkpel kltj jwlershkp.
 
 M persjl whj jddupkes he `mla jb mljher m he `mer's bjriemrmlde jr perfksskjl wkhju mly djlrmd ieweel hef ks ledessmrk`y ijula iy ml kfp`kea prjfkse hm he wk`` vmdme upjl aefmla
(Fmdmsmet-vs-Fmdmsmet)
4.Lj. Qhe Berlmlajs mre ljt iuyers kl ima bmkth
Djrjle`-vs-DM7
j
Kl m djlrmd j se``, here ieklc lj prevkjus sm`e jb he prjpery,
m thkra persjl iuyklc sudh prjperty aespkte the u`b``felt j the suspelskve djlakjl sudh ms the u`` pmyfelt j the purdhmse prkde, jr klstmlde, dmlljt ie aeefea m iuyer kl ima mkth
 mla he prjspedtve iuyer dmllj seen he re`keb jb redjlveymlde jb he prjpery.
Qhere ks lj ajui`e sm`e kl sudh dmse.
 Qk`e j he prjpery wk`` rmlsber j he iuyer mer recksrmtjl iedmuse here ks lj aebed kl he jwler-se``er‛s t`e per se, iu he `mer, jb djurse, fmy ie suea bjr amfmces iy he klelaklc iuyer. (Efphmsks supp`kea)
Djldept7
Qhe Akereldes
Djltrmdt jb Tm`eDjltrmdt tj Te``
-t`e tj the prjperty pmsses tj the velaee upjl the ae`kvery j the thklc sj`a-jwlershkp ks, iy mcreefelt, reservea kl the velajr mla ks ljt tj pmss tj the velaee ul` u`` pmyfeltj the purdhmse prkde-the velajr `jses jwlershkp jverthe prjperty mla dmlljt redjverkt ul` mla ul`ess the djltrmdt ksresj`vea jr resdklaea-t`e ks retmklea iy the velajr ul` u`` pmyfelt j the prkde
(pmyfel jb he prkde ks m pjsktve suspelskvedjlaktjl, bmk`ure jb whkdh ks lj m iremdh iu ml evel hm prevels he ji`kcmtjl jb hevelajr j djlvey t`e brjf iedjfklceedtve.)
4;.
Tmldhez
 -vs- Ykcjs (~Akmlm)Gule =1, =;39> _7 Djldepdkjl
 Ml jptjl j se``, kb mddepea ks iklaklc ieweel he pmrtes> evel kb here wms lj djlskaermtjl sepmrme brjf he prkde
Bmdts7
=.Jl Mprk` =;2=, Teverklm Ykcjs(se``er) exedutea ml ‐Jpjl tj _urdhmse‖ kl mvjr j Lkdj`ms Tmldhez(prjspedve iuyer)
Qhe _rjfkse7 Ykcjs ‐mcreea, prjfksea, mla djffkea tj se``‖ her `mla kl Luevm Edkgm
_rkde7 _ =,5=?.??
Qerf7 9 yemrs> mber whkdh, the djltrmdt shm`` ie aeefea ‐terfklmtea mla e`mpsea‖9.Tmldhez fmae severm`
telaers jb pmyfelt jb the mcreea mfjult
tj Ykcjs. Hjwever, they were regedtea.4.Tmldhez suea Ykcjs jr spedkd perjrfmlde mla amfmces> Tmldhez wjl.
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m.
Tmldhez7
Tklde he ‐mcreea mla djffkea‖ j iuy smka prjpery, he prjfkse kl he djlrmd ks redkprjdm``y aefmlami`e
i.
Ykcjs7
Qhere wms lj djlskaermtjl sepmrme brjf he prkde sj he mddepmlde dmllj ikla he jher pmry 
d.
Djurt7
 
the djltrmdt ks iklaklc sklde djlskaermjl ks presufea kl the smka dmse. Ykcjs mk`ea tj prjve her m``ecmjl thmt there wms lj djlskaermjl sepmrmte rjf prkde.
1.Ljw, Ykcjs mppem`s tj the TD.
Kssue7
Ajes ml mddeptea ulk`mterm` prjfkse tj se`` ikla the pmres, evel k kt ajes ljt prjvkae m djlskaermjl sepmrmte rjf the prkde:
He`a7
[es. Kt ajes ikla the pmres iedmuse the djldurrelde j the jer mla mddeptmlde celermtea the djltrmdt.
Aedkskjl7
-
 Guacfel Mrfea-
Yu`klc7 =)
M ulk`mterm` prjfkse tj se`` celermtes m ik`mterm` djltrmdt j purdhmse mla sm`e
upjl mddeptmlde
m.Ielczjl7 -Shel ml jeree aedkaes tj mddepts the prjfkse tj se``, he m`sj mssufes the ji`kcmjls j m purdhmser. -Upjl mddeptmlde, there‛s lj `jlcer ml jpjl tj iuy iut m
ik`mterm` djltrmdt jb sm`e
.i.UT Gurkspruaelde7 -‐Qhe djldurrelde j ijth mdts ‑ the jer mla the mddeptmlde ‑ dju`a mt m`` evelts hmve celermtea m djltrmdt,k ljle there wms iejre‖-Kl sudh dmse, the `mdn j djlskaermjl dml lj `jlcer ie m imsks jr the klvm`kakty j the djltrmdtd.Mpp`kdmjl (Kl Djldurrklc Jpklkjl iy Gusde Mltjlkj)
‐Kl he presel dmse he rkm` djur bjula hm he "_`mklt (Lkdj`ms Tmldhez) hma jerea he suf jb _`,5=?.??
iejre mly wktharmwm` 
 brjf he djlrmd hms ieel fmae iy he Aebelaml (Teverklm Ykcjs).
" Tklde Ykcjs' jer se`` wms mddeptea iy Tmldhez, iejre she dju`a wktharmw her jer, m ik`mterm` redkprjdm` djltrmdt ‑ tj se`` mla tj iuy ‑ wms celermtea.‖ 
9)
Mrt. =491 mla Mrt. =13; shju`a ie klterpretea kl m wmy whkdh wju`a redjldk`e jr hmrfjlkze smka prjvkskjls, kl mddjramlde wkth the ru`e jl stmtutjry djlstrudjlm.the reerelde, kl ijth the sedjla pmrmcrmph j Mrt. =13; mla Mrt. =491, tj ml jpjl jr prjfkse suppjrtea iy jr julaea upjl m djlskaermjl, strjlc`y succests thmt the twj (9) prjvkskjls kltelaea tj eljrde jr kfp`efelt the smfe prkldkp`e.i.Exdepjls mre ljt mvjurea(ul`ess the klteljl tj the djltrmry ks d`emr)7
j
Tjuhweserl Tucmr & Fj`msses Dj. v. M`mltd Cu`b & _mdkd Dj
djlskaers Mrt. =13; ms ml exdepjl tj Mrt. =491.
Qhks ks why thks djurt aedkskjl express`y mimlajlea the ajdtrkle jl smka dmse
@mws Feljlea
MYQ. =13;. M prjfkse tj iuy mla se`` m aeterfklmte thklc jr m prkde dertmkl ks redkprjdm``y aefmlami`e.Ml mddeptea ulk`mterm` prjfkse tj iuy jr tj se`` m aeterfklmte thklc jr m prkde dertmkl ks iklaklc upjl the prjfkssjr k the prjfkse ks suppjrtea iy m djlskaermjl aksldt rjf the prkde.
MYQ. =491 Shel the jerer hms m``jwea the jeree m dertmkl perkja tj mddept, the jer fmy ie wktharmwl mly fe iejre mddeptmlde iy djffulkdmlc sudh wktharmwm`, exdept whel the jpjl ks julaea upjl djlskaermjl ms sjfethklc pmka jr prjfksea."1?. Equmtjrkm` Yem`ty Aeve`jpfelt Kld, Dmrfe`j & Imuerfmll, Kld. vs
Fmybmkr Qhemter, Kld.
 (Dhkp)Ljvefier 9=, =;;2 - Herfjskskfm *@essee surrepjus`y aeprkvea j rkcht j rst reusm`.
Bmdts7
=.Jl Gule =, =;23 Dmrfe`j elterea kltj m djltrmdt j `emse wkth Fmymkr jr the use j kts Yedtj prjperty ms m fjjl pkdturethemter jr 9? yemrs, dm``ea ‐Fmxkf Qhemtre‖.9.Qwj yemrs `mter, jl Fmrdh 4=, =;2;, Fmymkr elterea kltj m sedjla djltrmdt j `emse wkth Dmrfe`j jr the `emse j the rest j Dmrfe`j‛s Yedtj prjperty, whkdh wms dm``ea ‐Fkrmfmr Qhemtre‖.4.Ijth djltrmdts j `emse prjvkaes (
skd
) kaeldm``y wjraea pmrmcrmph 8, whkdh remas7
Qhmt kb the @ETTJY shju`a aeskre tj se`` the `emsea prefkses, the @ETTEE shm`` ie ckvel 4?-amys exd`uskve jptkjl tjpurdhmse the smfe.Kl the evelt, hjwever, thmt the `emsea prefkses ks sj`a tj sjfejle jther thml the @ETTEE, the @ETTJY ks ijula mlaji`kcmtea, ms kt hereiy iklas mla ji`kcmtes ktse`b, tj stkpu`mte kl the Aeea jb Tm`e herejb thmt the purdhmser shm`` redjclkze
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thks `emse mla ie ijula iy m`` the terfs mla djlaktkjls therejb.
1.Tjfefe kl Mucust =;31, Fr. Helry _msdm` j Dmrfe`j kljrfea Fr. Helry [mlc, _reskaelt j Fmymkr, iy phjle thmt Dmrfe`jwmltea tj se`` the elre D`mrj F. Yedtj prjperty. He tj`a Fr. [mlc thmt m dertmkl Gjse Mrmletm wms jerklc tj iuy the whj`eprjperty jr $=.9F. He thel msnea [mlc ks he wms wk``klc tj iuy the prjperty jr 2 tj 3 fk``kjl pesjs. Fr. [mlc rep`kea thmt hewju`a `et Fr. _msdm` nljw j hks aedkskjl. Jl Mucust 94, =;31, Fmymkr rep`kea thrjuch m `eer refklaklc the `mer j thespu`mjl lufier 8. Dmrfe`j aka ljt rep`y tj thks `eer.
5.Jl Teptefier =8, =;31, Fmybmkr selt mljther `eer tj Dmrfe`j purpjrlc tj express klterest kl mdqukrklc ljt jl`y the `emseaprefkses iut "the elre iuk`aklc mla jther kfprjvefelts kb the prkde ks remsjlmi`e. Bjur yemrs `mter, jl Gu`y 4?, =;38,Dmrfe`j sj`a kts elre D.F. Yedtj Mvelue `mla mla iuk`aklc, whkdh kld`uaea the `emsea prefkses hjusklc the "Fmxkf" mla"Fkrmfmr" themtres, tj Equmtjrkm` iy vkrtue jb m Aeea jb Misj`ute Tm`e, bjr the tjtm` suf jb _==,4??,???.??.
2.Kl Teptefier =;38, Fmymkr klstutea ml mdjl jr spedkd perjrfmlde mla amfmces.3.Kl kts Mlswer, Dmrfe`j m``ecea thmt7
thmt kt hma kljrfea Fmymkr j kts aeskre tj se`` the elre D.F. Yedtj Mvelue prjperty mla jerea the smfe tjFmymkr, iut the `mer mlswerea thmt kt wms klterestea jl`y kl iuyklc the mrems ulaer `emse, whkdh wms kfpjsski`e skldethe prjperty wms ljt m djlajfklkuf
thmt the jpjl tj purdhmse klvjnea iy Fmymkr ks lu`` mla vjka jr `mdn j djlskaermjl.8.Equmtjrkm`, kl kts Mlswer, p`emaea thmt the jpjl ks vjka jr `mdn j djlskaermjl mla ks uleljrdemi`e iy remsjl j ktskfpjsskik`kty j perjrfmlde iedmuse the `emsea prefkses dju`a ljt ie sj`a sepmrmte`y rjf the jther pjrjls j the `mla mlaiuk`aklc.
Kt djulterd`mkfea jr dmlde``mjl j the djltrmdts j `emse, mla jr kldremse j reltm`s kl vkew j m``ecea supervelklcextrmjraklmry aevm`umjl j the durreldy. Equmtjrkm` `knewkse drjss-d`mkfea mcmklst dj-aeelamlt Dmrfe`j jrklaeflkdmjl kl respedt j Fmymkr's d`mkfs.;.Qhe YQD ru`ea jr Dmrfe`j mla Equmtjrkm`, laklc thmt the spu`mjl prjvkaea jr ml jpjl djltrmdt whkdh requkrea mdjlskaermjl aksldt jrf the prkde. Tklde there wms lj prkde, thel the jpjl jr Fmymkr tj purdhmse ks cjle.
=?.Fmybmkr thel mppem`ea tj the DM, whkdh reversea the trkm` djurt‛s ru`klc.
Kt bjula thmt there wms lj jpjl djltrmdt kl spu`mjl 8, mla thmt klstema there wms m crmlt jb m rkcht jb rstrebusm`.
Kt jraerea Dmrfe`j tj returl the purdhmse prkde tj Equmtjrkm` mla bjr Equmtjrkm` tj returl the t`e tj the prjperty tjDmrfe`j. Qhel, Dmrfe`j shju`a fmne ml jer tj Fmybmkr tj purdhmse the prjperty.
==.Qhe DM exp`mklea kts ru`klc kl thks wmy7Mrd`e =491 6 spemns j ml "jer" fmae iy ml jerjr whkdh the jeree fmy jr fmy ljt mddept wkthkl m dertmkl perkja.
the jer fmy ie wktharmwl iy the jerjr iejre the expkrmjl j the perkja mla whk`e the jeree hms ljt yetmddeptea the jer.
the jer dmlljt ie wktharmwl iy the jerjr wkthkl the perkja k m djlskaermjl hms ieel prjfksea jr ckvel iythe jeree kl exdhmlce jr the prkvk`ece j ieklc ckvel thmt perkja wkthkl whkdh tj mddept the jer. Qhedjlskaermjl ks aksldt rjf the prkde whkdh ks pmrt j the jer.
Qhe djltrmdt thmt mrkses ks nljwl ms jpjl.
Kl the dmse j
Iemufjl vs
.
_rkej
, 1= _hk`. 23?, the Tuprefe djurt, dklc Ijuvker, aelea ml jpjl ms j``jws7 "Mdjltrmdt iy vkrtue j whkdh M, kl djlskaermjl j the pmyfelt j m dertmkl suf tj I, mdqukres the prkvk`ece j iuyklcrjf jr se``klc tj I, dertmkl sedurkes jr prjperes wkthkl m `kfktea fe mt m spedkea prkde," (pp. 282-3)._mrmcrmph 9, Mrd`e =13; 6 djltefp`mtes j ml "mddeptea ulk`mterm` prjfkse tj iuy jr tj se`` m aeterfklmte thklc jr m prkdewkthkl (whkdh) ks iklaklc upjl the prjfksee k the prjfkse ks suppjrtea iy m djlskaermjl aksldt rjf the prkde."
Shmt ks prjvkaea here ks dm``ea ml ‐jer‖
Ml "jer", kl jur `mws, ks m prjpjsm` tj elter kltj m djltrmdt, ms feljlea kl the dmse j Yjselstjdn vs Iurne.
Qj djlstute m `ecm` jer, the prjpjsm` fust ie dertmkl ms tj the jigedt, the prkde mla jther esselm` terfs j thedjltrmdt (Mrt. =4=;, Dkvk` Djae).Helde, Dmrfe`j mla Equmtjrkm` `ea thks pejl iejre the TD.
Kssue =7
Ajes spu`mjl lufier 8 prjvkae m djltrmdt j jpjl:
He`a7
Lj. Kt prjvkaes jr m rkcht j rst reusm`. Tudh m spu`mjl ks djffjl kl djltrmdts j `emse ljwmamys, where the `essee seenstj prjtedt hks klterests iy sedurklc m rkcht tj fmtdh ml jer fmae iy mljther persjl.
Aedkskjl7
Qhe pejl kl AELKEA, the ru`klc j the DM ks MBBKYFEA. Qhe djltrmdt ietweel Dmrfe`j mla Equmtjrkm` ks YETDKLAEA,Dmrfe`j ks jraerea tj returl the purdhmse prkde tj Equmtjrkm`, Equmtjrkm` ks jraerea tj returl the prjperty tj Dmrfe`j, mla Dmrfe`jks lm``y jraerea tj jer the prjperty tj Fmymkr jr _==,4??,???.
Yu`klc7
Qhe djurt rst akspjsea j the djlteljl thmt the aedkskjl fmae iy the DM wms kfprjper, mla smka7
‐Qhks djurt hmvklc ru`ea the prjdeaurm` krrecu`mrkes rmksea kl the jurth msskclea errjr j Dmrfe`j mla Equmtjrkm`, tj ie ml
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