Flame Photometre
Flame Photometre
Flame Photometre
In the 1980s, Bowling Barnes, David Richardson, John Berry and Robert Hood developed tools
to measure low levels of sodium and potassium in solution. They call this instrument a Logi light
meter. The principle of a flame light meter is based on measuring the amount of light emitted
when the metal enters the flame. The wavelength of the color gives information about the
element and the color of the flame gives information about the amount of element present in the
sample.
Flame Photometry:
Flame photometry is one of the directions of atomic absorption spectroscopy. This is also known
as flame emission spectroscopy. Today it has become a necessary tool in the field of analytical
chemistry. Flame Photometry can be used to determine the concentration of metal ions such as
sodium, potassium, lithium, calcium, cesium, etc. In photometric ignition spectra, metal ions are
used in the form of atoms. The Committee on Spectroscopic Nomenclature of the International
Union of Theoretical and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) called this method of atomic-plasma
a flame. Some of these atoms become more excited to a higher level. But these atoms are
Thus, these atoms emit radiation when they return to their ground state. This radiation is
generally found in the visible region of the spectrum. Each of the alkali and alkaline earth metals
Emissions into food are directly proportional to the number of atoms returned to earth. Agus is
Flame source: photo of the flame source. Je can be kept at a constant temperature. Flame
temperature is one of the critical factors in flame photometer.
Nebulizer: Nebulizer is used to deliver a homogeneous solution into the flame at a balanced
rate.
Optical System: The optical system consists of a convex mirror and a convex lens. Convex
mirrors transmit light emitted by atoms. Convex mirrors help focus emission on the lens. Lenses
Color Filters Are Simple: the reflection of the mirror passes through the slots and reaches
the filter. The filter will measure the wavelength to be measured from irrelevant emissions.
Working Procedure:
The standard stock solution and the sample solution are prepared in fresh distilled water.
The photometer flame is calibrated by adjusting the air and gas. The flame is then left to
Galvanometer readings are adjusted to zero by spraying distilled water into the flame.
Sensitivity is adjusted by spraying the most concentrated standard working solution over
the flame. The full scale deflection of the galvanometer is now recorded.
Again distilled water is sprayed into the flame to obtain stable readings from a
Now each of the standard working solutions is sprayed into the flame three times and the
galvanometer readings are recorded. After each spray, the device must be thoroughly
washed.
Finally, the sample solution is sprayed three times into the flame and the galvanometer
readings are recorded. After each spray, the device must be thoroughly washed.
Plot the concentration against the galvanometer reading to find the concentration of the
The oxidants in flame photometers are mainly air, oxygen or nitrous oxide. Flame
Plot the concentration versus the galvanometer reading to find the concentration of the
The processes that occur during flame photometer analysis are summarized below:
DE Solvation: Desalination is the drying of a sample in solution. The metal particles in the
solvent are dehydrated by the flame and then the solvent evaporates.
Vaporization: the metal particles in the sample are also dehydrated. This also leads to
evaporation of the solvent.
Atomization: An atom is the separation of all atoms in a chemical. The flame reduces the
metal ions in the sample to metal atoms.
Stimulation: The electrostatic attraction force between the electrons and the nucleus of the
atom helps them absorb a certain amount of energy. Then the atoms jump to the excited higher
energy state.
Emission: Since the highest energy state is unstable, the atoms return to the ground state or
low energy state to achieve stability. This atomic jump emits radiation with characteristic
The radiation emitted by the flame photometer is characteristic of a certain metal. Then,
with the help of a flame photometer, we can detect the presence of a particular element in
the soil sample contains different alkali and alkaline clay metals by performing a flame
The concentration of Na + and K + ions is very important in the human body to perform
Soft drinks, fruit juices and alcoholic beverages can also be analyzed using flame
Very low concentrations (parts per million / ppm to parts per billion / ppb) of metals in
This method compensates for any sudden interference present in the sample solution.
This method can be used to evaluate items that are rarely analyzed.
Although this technique measures the total metal content of the sample, it does not
time.
Flame photometry cannot be used to directly determine all metal atoms. Some metal
atoms cannot be analyzed with this method. Elements such as carbon, hydrogen, and