146

repositions of place

..'t X

A rnaf with a scariaroundh s neckis ,n a tih He is teaningagainrtthe wa of the tift.

Thelitt is comingup from th€ nreet be/ow.
h a mornenlthe manwill walk rrrough the fr doo6 and hto the office.He will put h s jacket
o/r the coatsrandwhich is b//rear the tift.
3 Thereis a man!.vaitingfor the lilt. He haspressedthe button to go dorrn
An the ather side of the lilr doo6 rslane. She is wa k n9 at\tay frcn rhe tif\ aqass the rco'Yl,
pastthe photocopierrowdrdra meetingroorn.
Jackis besbelnexrto the photocopie(Aboyethe photocopiers a shetf Ne s mov ng the boxes
ol paperoff the sheJ orto the floor
5!e and Ma* a.e siningaftheir desksoppojireeachorher Ther compurers arein front of
lhem on thei. desks.Sehreenthernis a wane-paperbin and the photocopiers behlrd Sue.
1 Malk haspLrthiscoat overthe backof hischan S!e5 bag is underh€r chair.
8 SLreis puninga etier /nJlde.n envelopeand Ma* s tak ng somethn9 ort of hisdrawer.

A At or in?
q We useatto ta k aboutthe positionof som€thing,or.bour the place
wheresomethng
happens4fshows a generalocation.
Meet ne at my otfice. There'ssomeoneat the door (posirion)
I ll seeyau at the meeting. (wheresomethlnqhappens)
,t, Weuse/ir withihe nameof a conrainer,placeor.re. to showrharsorneone
or lornethinq
nsideit.
There'splenn/of papetin the photocopier
she'sin the third rcom on theleft.
Ou headofficeis in France/thenotth/paris.
s stLrdythese for pub c buildings:
ex.mples
I'llseeyau at the airpott. (the p acein qeneral)
I I seeyouin theaipan turmlnal(insrde
rhebuitdinq)
t hada hatddayat theoffice. (pefiapsI spenlsometimeoutot rhebu ding)
t bebackin theafficeat thre€ (ifsidethe buildrns)
 45 PREPO9TPNSOF PLACE 147

B Expressionswith at in and on
a Note these fixed exprcssionswith at
at the frantlback at the toplbotton at the beginninglend
at tle ieaede at the stationlaipott at hanelwo*/schaol
I Notethesefixedexp€ssions with in:
in the middle in my hand in a queue/linelraw
in the corner in the country in a book/nagaanelnewspaper
in the nkrar in the photo/picture in hospitallprison
(=
ir the chat in chargeofthe meeting)

a Noteih€sefixedexp€ssions wirh on:

on the left/ right on teleision lthe radio on the phone/ the computer
on the scrcen on the pagelnap on the M6 (motorwaysand .oads)
on the first floot on the plaXornlpavenent on the Rhinekivea)
on the plane/busltrain(but in a carltaxibecauseyou are containedn a smdllerspacewher€
you cant standup)

a Wthaddresses,weuseinforthestrcetnameandatwhenwe5aythestreetnurnberasw
Americans useon for streets.
Out offices are in Piccadilly.
Out offlces are at 14 High Street.
I went shopping on fifth Avenue.

c AboveI below over I under

a Above/bebwmean'higher/lower than'.Theycanbe usedwiihoutan objeci.
The lloor above/below usE occuptedby an t^sutah.e<ompany
Fron the mountainlcould seethe lakebelow
a Ovet/undet mean'diec.ly above/below'.
Theybothneedan object.
Weflew dght ovet WindsorCastleon ou wayinto Heathrcw
fhere'sstll a lot of oil under the sea.
Overcanalsobe usedfor movemenl. In thiscaseit rslike'across'.
Wehaveto go over/acrossto the othetsideof the strcet.
O€lcan ;l5ome.n'covering'.
Theyveput a plasticsheetover the hole in thercoL
a All 'oJr wo.os<anbeLsedtor posrtrons
In a managementhr€rarcny
Aboveme b the gles DircrTorUnderme thetearc faur sabsstaff.

D Opposite, next tolbeside, nearlby

a Opposiremeans'exactlyon the othersideof a space.
we satowosiE eachother in theneefing.
O Nextro andbesidemean'exactlyat the sldeof. Sesdecanbe rnoreforrna.
.tohnshouldsit nert tolbeside lreneat the neeting.
O lvearmeans 'closeio' 8y medns 'at thesideof .
Iherc areoneot tvtogood restaurants near herc.
can we havea tableby the window?
Wehada halidaynearthe sea. (closeto the sea- a few ki om€tresaway)
Wehada halidayhy the sea. (westayedon the beachmostof th€ time)
laa 45 PREPOS|T|OI{S
OFPTACE

45 Practice

E x e r c i s1eg # 9 r y
Underline the coffectword.
1 Lookin theAppendix e/by the endof th€report.
. 2 When I got iDlo, the planesomeone wassittingin myseat.
3 Whata fantnic view!Theskyaborclo!€r andthe seabetowtunder.
4 Nextwe€kl'll beatl,h Hungary for a fewdays-
5 TurnintoWenernAvenue andyou'llseeourofficesonlatyourl€ft.
6 Yo! canl missit- The€staurant isexa(lybyloppogre thecinerna.
7 | oftenworkinlat homein theevening.
8 | boughtthistie irlat Madison Avenue.
9 she'llbe helein a few minutes - 5he3jun arlonthe phoneat thernoment.
l0 Thepowersocketisoverthere,bylaathedoor.
I I Thisgraphisnt labelled propey.W te theunit5bylnento theX axis.
12 lwent to visitmysonin/af hospital yesreday.
'I3 Puta
sheetabor€/oyer themachine to stopit gettingduny.
14 SienaisquitenearlbyFlorence.
15 l'll seeyoutomorrowat ten thirt!, lnlby myofiice.
I 6 lt! a largeblock.Ouroffices areatlo, thefifteenthfloor
17 I sawSimonatl/h thestationwhileI waswahingfor a train.
. 18 I musthavebeenstanding inlafthe queuefor hatfan hour
-
19 You'llseeouroffices theylebylneala llrnirue storc.(thenextbtock)
20 You'llsee ouroffices - they'rebylneara furoiture store.(thenextbulding)

Exercise2 [ f
Complete thesentences with in,at or on.
I I live....il\....ManorRoad,...4!-...number 295.
2 Youshouldn't reallypark............the pavement_
3 | hada lovelymeal.......-.... theplane.
4 l'd liketo live.......--...
thecountrywhenI rerire.
5 Goto theendof theroad,andyou'llseethe bank...........the righi.
6 l'll be .rriving............
youroffices............ Barcelona at three.
7 Lisbon is............
themiddle of Poftugal, ............
thecoan.
8 i meetyou............ thefrontof thebuilding in ten minutes.
9 | wonderwhars...........rFlevnion rhisevening.
10 Thesizeofthe text............ thescreen isverysmall.Coutdnlit bebtgq€r7
I1 | lve ............
a smallvillage -...........
theroadto Dover
l2 ............
ih€ beginning of myca€erlworkedin marketing.
13 lt wasa verywell-run meetjnq. Erikawas._.......... thechair
14 | wasn'tlooking............ the mirrorandI neaiyhadan accident.
15 Shework.. ........Seville, ............
the Universiiy.
16 Thesalesfigures? Yes,lhavethem righthere.....__._......
myhand.
l7 lwaltedpatiently ..-.-.......
the backof the queue.
18 I thinkI lefi myb efcase .........-..
thechair............the restaur.nt.
l9 l'm off sickat thernoment, but I shouldbeback.. ........wofknextweek.
-he
20 ldn Fhan.eN4nFrer,sslill .....prison.
 45 PREPOS|T|O|TIS
OF PLACE r89

E x e r c i s3e! ! ! !
Completethis emailbychoosingthe correctpreposition
fiom the listbelow.
towads over pasr thrcugh in front of by in +€- at (x2) on (x2)

H€re ar€ the dlrectrons(1)..-...1P..-... ou.t'".0 om*.

Tak€ rh€ A3 from oxiord and thenjoin the M4 (2)..................London notwar€sr)- com€ offrh€ M4 (3)..................
junction 12 .nd contrnuesrElghl ahead. Conilnu€ (4) -.....--.....--...
rhe nen tuo rcundabouts,so (5) .....-......-.....
a BP
ga€96 (6)......-....-......your nghtand yo! ll@m6 to 3om€ tEfic rrqhts-You are now {7),......,.........-R€sdins. Go strarghr
(3),..,...._....._...
th€ rrafiic rrghGand (9).._.....,.........
rha nBn s€r of rishrs,rum d9ht. Henry strsot is the srh road
(1o) ......-.....-.....
rh€ l€fi, Folld the oad to the €nd and th€ offi€ i6 (11) .,,...,,,...,,,...
your lhsr6 is E rong driv6
lh€ slde of the ofrce - you @n park lh€c-
(12) ......-.....-.....
lf you h€v6 any p@bl€msglve m€ a €ll. but lt! v€ry e€ey E€llyl

Exercise4IIlI
Complete thisemailbyputting9!e suitable
wordin eachspa(e.Aswellasthewordsin sections
A, B,C and
D it isalsoposgible
to useio,

lhanks for s€.dins m€ the artwork ro. rh6 masdin€ adv€rt. I h€v€ a r6w @mm€nts about the layout (1) ..,..,,pt\,,,,..th€
page. The photosraph (2) ..,..........._... rh6 rop r@ks sood, bur insr€.d of being (3) ....,....,,.....,,
th6 mtddrs I thlnk lt 6hourd
bs (4) .................-
th6 r€fr,(5).,......-....--...
ro rh6 t€xr- Th6n (6).-.....-.....-....
rh6 orhd @merwe courd have the @mpany

Old you know there's going to b6 an arricl€ aboutour@mpany (7).........--.....-. th6 sam6 magazing? I hope lr willb€
( A ). . . , , , . . , , . , . . t. h
. .e. p a s s d i € c t l y ( 9 ) . . . - . . . . . . . . . .,. .b. u
. t t h a t i s n t { 1 0 ) . . - . . . . . - . . . . .m
. . y. . h a n d s .
Can you also give the artwork (11) ...-.....-......-. Steve for hls @mments? He should b6 back (12) ..-......-......-. work on
190

A Verb + preposition
* H€reis a n of verbsand ihe prepositonsnorma y usedwth them:

rcnpete againsl fo.us on

tue apptiedfor a newjob. Can you take .arc of the affi.e while l'n autT
Drtot.ar no.k Mt ddnn(,l.d l,t lho . .ohtttuies nnldn\g Noj.id a d Ei.tsat thot oill
b.,ejtJron rnn\g\ahs al moL,ilc
]rhrra thdt&h ddts t f trr,.r. (Bloombcre.con vctsite)
r1t Rr @ro,\, k Jocrtedon knovlcdrcdkd tthh.l.g. (Thc Srrrishtslirncs Lrtcra*ive

ror ro wl\tand rk uccdfar hank:to neryLa d dor't tftn obje.t to tl(:. hrya.
Rc.qnlaror
.l.dk (BusnrcsWcck Ncbsitc)

Someof the verbsabovecan be usedwithout preposiiion

+ oblect
I hape/knaw/insist. lt depends
Othe6 musthavea prepoeiion+ object.
Thepro.ess consistsof tour main sljges. lt belongs to me
I n rclying on you fot yout suppon. Thisvrrl leadto a lot ol ptoblens
seeunt 16 4 In questionsthe prepostionusuallygoesat the end
Whodoesthisbelangto? Whatdaesit @nsistof? Whaarcyou waitingfot?

B Verb + objed + preposition

a Wth romeverbslh€ obj€ctcomesbeforethe preposiiion.
Hereafe somecommonexampes:
explainsonethingto sharcsonethingwith
ask soneane about/fol inform soneoneabout/of spendsanethingon
insurc sonethin9 agai ntt split sanething into
boftow sanethinq lrcn supply saneone with
conparc sanethinq widl/to invite soneone to
@ngntulate saneone on prcte.t soneone frcm
divide sonething into prcvent soneonefrcm tantlate saneth ing into
can theyinsurc usagainn frc sk? We've tpent $2m on advenising this year.
,Nol,odl tr R!si. 6 tretdrcd to irrst tto!t..t ifl ptudr.ior. (Le Mand. DipLanatiqre
"absite)
O cle dnn nr lrry Elli'a" his ofarcd r sol io, to fuhathe e6 ds tvli tosoJt\flanapoly:'Th.l
lntld srlit thc cootp y iato tuD drd h [Mntu\oJtpptidetu] Stfle Ballw mn aneNnpaty auj
lct Bill Cat.s f,tt theothex' (Wned nngrne rvebnte)
Wirh remjndthe€ is a d tferencein meaninqb€tweenabourandof.
Gillianrcninded ne about the aryointnenL (= she told me nor to forSeo
Gillianrcninds ne of ny sister (= sheis fe my sister)
 46 VERB+ PREmSITION 191

c verb + different prepositions

,! Someverbscan 90 with severadifferentprepositons
agreeio/with/about Theyagreed to give us beftet terns af paynent.
OK, 1agrce with you about the need far .utting casts.
lnust apalagiseto susanfor ny aMul behaiou last niqht.
Shall we askfot the bill?
Ask the waiter about the dish af the day.
l'm goinq ta complain to the nanaget about the serui.e in hete.
I heard about the nev\/sfron a calleagueof mlne
l've never heaftl of that company they'rc nat very well-known.
llearnt a lot about nsurancefrcm my lanjob

Canyou help ne - In laaklng for meeting raan 3

Thisproblem results frcn bad planninq, and h wil .esult in chaos.
1need ta talk to yau about the new constructianprcject
What did yau thnk ol the neeting?
What are yau thinking about?
They'vewtiften to us ta complain about our poor setvEe.

D Uses of different prepositions

$ Someprepositionsare usedlo ntroducepartculark ndsof inforrnaton Knowingthis can he p
you to understand
someof the diiiefencesin sectionC
abolr oiten ntrodlcesrhe Do yau know about EUrcgulatians in thisarcd?
We re thinking ahout changing ou advettisingslogan
at otten ehowsdirection 1n looking at yau otder detaih on the sc.eenright now.
I hate it when ny bassthouts at ne
for often showspurposeor t nust apologise lor being late.
Ive asked the waitet fot the bil
fron often lhows the origin I haven t head frcm then fot a lang tine.
fhis prablem results lrcm bad planninq.
on often showsconfidence Can we agrce on a discount af 5ok7
we're depending on yau ta fin3h the jab by ftiday.
ro often rclels to a pe6on Coutdyau explain thls clauseto ne, please?
l don'tthink he was listening to ne
'l herebyempowery@, Adbro* T,wllLln!, to
wlter ny plntrt!. And l.t'3 h€ar no rcre t.lk
about hor I n.v.r deleg.te authority,''
192 1l5 VEnOr PREPiOSI'ION

46 Practice

Exercise 1 X
Completethe sentences
with a word from lin A anda word ffom lilt B.

A: apprcve depend know lead believe sufier syFpar+$sewait

B: about for from in of on to vfrh
I | €ally-tyr4P4tli5-e...wi-tl. yourproblem, butthe€l nota lot I cando.
2 Positive is
thinking so important. You really
have youlsef.
to .............................
3 fii youout5ide
4 What you?e saying onepossible
canonly............................. conclusion.
5 Ofcoutse theprice.
thesizeof ourorderwi11.............................
6 Yo!rCVi! n.on9in mostareas, butwhatdoyou.............................
marketingT
7 lmports always.............................
theef{ectsof a nrongdollar
8 lawayshavetolookrmad-myboss doesn'i.............................
inforrna clothes.

Exercise2 E
Underline thecorrectword.
I I thinkwe shouldaskthem&/aboutlw,th moreinformation.
2 Canyo! supplyusforlaboutlwith enoughpa.tsfor 5,000vehicles?
3 You'er d meabourloflforsoreoneI l.now
4 lf I foEet,remindmeabourlollforit againai theendof themeeting.
5 Themanagement blamedrhe unionagairstlfronlforcausing thestdk€.
5 l'm writingto informyoulot / aboutl on ov newG ge ot prcducts,
7 We mighthaveto splitthe otdetfotlinlintoNvoseparate shipments.
8 CanyouthankL4rMateusaboutlfotl with all hishelp?
9 l'd liketo congratulate
Particiaohlforlaboutwinning Employee of the Month.
10 Thissafetyfeaturepreventstheoperative agairsrlfromllv/t,
suffefing anyinjury
11 Thisyearwe'llbe investingmo.ethanf4m onl,loltoplantandnewmachinery
12 Thisyearwe'llbe spending morethan€4monl,loltoplantafd newmachinery

Exercise3 I D
Completethesesent€neswith prepositions. Choosefrom:about,at, fot, frcn, ln, to, of at with.
1l'mwritinq......t9......attourcustomers...4he!|t..offersthismonthonseecledmodel
2 WhowasGeorye talking .................
? Andwhatexactly washeta k ng .................
?
3 Naveyouheafdanythinq .................
HeadOffi.e?Theysaidthey'ddecide thisweek.
4 Who3Giuseppe saponi? l'veneverhead.---............. hlm.
5 Doyoulikethe newdesign? Whatdo youthink................. it?
6 Doyouagree ..........-......
me........--.......
this?
7 Theimp.oved sales fiqures.esult -................
alltheinvestments we madean yeaf.
8 Tre rrvenrnenB we remdftnqnowshouldresuh.......... ......oenersal.s^exryea
9 | munapologise ..................
not contaciing youe.rlieribut l'vebeenverybusJr
l0 l'd likeio complain..........-.---..
themanager ........-.........
thefood.
11 Makesureyoulook................. thesmallprint beforeyousignan),thing.
12 Unesstheifqualityimproves, we'llhaveto look-.-...............
a newsupplier
 46 VERB + PREPOSITIOI{ 193

Exercise4l$ffigU
Complete withonewordfromlistA andonewordfromlistB.
thesentences
A: agrced apologisedapply belong comply explainheard hoping nsist listen pay
qualit ey remind
B: about on on from with with to to to {€+ lor for for for
1 Youcan...........e411..............&t...thegoodsintwelvemonthyinnaments.
2 Excuse me,butdoesthisumbrella .............................. you?
.............
3 Thefirrtthings to .........................--..
.............
theclient to I ndouttheirneeds.
4 I asked mylawyer to .................-...........
thecontract .............
me
5 Ev€rybody .............................
.............
thedecision. lt wasunanimous.
6 Therc'sa newjobin R&D. lwonder if Chrir6 goingto...... ...........
.............
t.
7 iillisa good te.mmember Youcanalways .............................
...........
herln a crisis.
8 They've ... . .. ..................
........
....ihedelay andsdidthatthe temsarcin thepost.
9 I'm certain to foeet. it nedrcrthetime.
10 lt'sbeena dlsappointing yearWe're ........................................b€tterresutssoon.
1l Have yo! . ...........................
.............
Jacke r€cennyT 5hehasn'twrtten forages.
12 Does thisproduci....... ................................Eutopeansafetynand.rds?
l3 No,no,1............... ...........paying.
............ Yo!'remyguest.
14 lf we buildthefactoryin thatareawe l .............
a regional aidgrant.

Exercise5Age'E
Complete withthecor.ectprepositions.
theemails Thes€cond
numberin eachbrackeishowsthenumberof

Iv6 jusr be€n lookins (1-2) ....-..41......your weusite ano companns yo!r on-tin€ bankhs raciritr€6(2-4) ,................. your
c o m p o t i t o r sT.h € r e s a f 6 w r h i n g s I d l i k 6 r o $ t y o u ( 3 - 5 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . .
a) lt I want to boiiow mon6y (4-.4)..........-....... you, how much will I pay (g!3) .-................ lh6loan? | .$!m€ rhat your
ch€aper operatlng ests will rosult (6-2) ...........,.....,
a lower int6Est rale than a normal bank.
b) | see thal ll I open an ac@unt this monrh I quarlt (7-3) ...,....,......... a credil cErd wilh sp€cial payment terms. oo you
otr6r In6uEnca (3-a .................. ontine fraud with rhis €rd ro prclect €rd-hotde6 (9,4) .................. hacke6 who mtght

you. Thank you.

I look loNard to headng (1O-4).-................

Thank you (i1-3) ..................

,oor re€nt 6mail a.d I apologis6(12-3) ..-...-...........
takinq e long lo reply,
Here is the informalionyou requaat€d.
a) You en r6ly (132) ..................lh€ fact lhat our intor€sl ralos ar€ v6ry 6mpatiliv6,lrut lcannol glve exact fiqu€s 63 ll
depends (14-2)..........-.......lheamounl you w6nt to bomw linvit6 you {1t2) ..................ch€ck lhe table on ourwebsit6
forthis infomalion.l €n assueyou that w6 d6alwith tha pr@ss v€ry quickly afrer applyhg (16 3).................the loan
youshouldnthav6rowaitmorethanafedat€b6for€hganng(17-")............. us
b) Yes,6s soon as yo! tnfom !s (1&5) ..........-..-...- any posibl€ fraud asecialed with yolr €rd we take €re
(19-2).-.......-........everythingand retund any mon6ythatyou hav6lost.In relationto our@n cunomerac@unls, w€ do
everythingnecessry to pr€venl hack€E (20-4)....-............. edenng fi€ syst€m, and hav€ invest€dh€avily
(21 2) ..................
this sr€a ov€
I hope this ansers your qu.srions. Pl€se do not h*itate io @ntact us again if you lhink (22-4 -...-...-.........
anylhing else.
 djective + preposition

A Adjective + preposition
I S o r n ea d j e c t v ecsa nh a v ea p r e p o s l i oanf t e r t h e mT h e p r e p o s t i o n m a y b e f o l o w e d b y a n o u n

We re al disappointed with the paar figures.

I n rcsponsible for a salestean of eight people that caves the south of the cauntty.
Whenfollowedby a verb,the 'ing lorm mun be used.
We might be intetested in placing nore ordes in the futurc

a An adlecrive can a so be followedby a to infint ve. lf we needto menton. person,we usefor

betweenthe adjecliv€and the infintve
It's inpoftant to follow the safen/procedurcs
It's inpottant for us to move quckly in thesenegotiatians.
h\ goodJor childrct to ndhe thln ouat.lqi.6.TooMrh u.Ll iM,nU lihunliyr ttdhs thnt it\
hddo.fat n' ta \ct ban.lrti.\.tdr ,rcrr. (cu..di.n rvcbsite)

B Feelings
a Manyerampesof adj€clive+ prepostonareconnectedwilh leelings
fed !p with

l'n rcally excibd about staninq ny new iab.

l'n not very keen on fied faad, to be honest
Six b k at int.restedin lityillq ai 86yo 'tnkeii Por\ Bd a lati a. (Busncs Ncws
Am$ic"s wcbsnc)

. Forbehaviourlowafdsanotherperronwe useadjeciv€+ to Exampleencludegood to, krrd ro,

nice ta pahte ta, tude to.
When ny nothet was iI ffty @lleaqueswerc a very kind to rr,e.
I thaoght he was ftthet rude to the waitress.

l , t
l l
f , . ' Ir n r t , l

i\ i'
1 * [
l
_t.

'N,, re. H@ota&wi'w

med,!\ pltf'ryut
 47 ADJEqflVEr PREPOSITION195

C Other adjectives
a Herearesomeothercom.non
examples + preposition.
of adjective

itfor

gu ry or

usedto (= a(customedto)

lackingin

My opinionsarc verydilfercnt frcm you6.

Au .onpany is famousall averthe wo d fot thequalityaf itsengineeing.
5hewasfull of enthusiasnwhenI expbineoou Eea.
We'reusedto the delayson the netrc. Theyhappenall the tine.

D Adie€tive + choi.e of preposition

a Someadjectivescanbefollowedbydiffe€ntpreposltons wth a smattdiflerence
in meann9.
Oftenoneprepositionis usedtorthings.ndanother for people.
'Weae eocl'ftsponsibl. a paxnutu ptnal arca.'- Efpatt Serui.et
Jor r.ot Advnq Gebd

I n veryangry about thedelay

I n veryangry with themfot causingthisdelay
Hewasannoyed about what thejourhatistwrote
Hewasannoyed with thejaurnalist.
good/badat (abI ly) Ive nevetbeenverygood at dealingwith .onflict.
A newpetsanat the top wauldbe good fot the(onpany.
5he3verygood with diffiult cunones
Areyau happy with ny suggestion?
Cangfttulations! I n veryhappy fot yau bath.
I'n rcsponsiblelor all thetranspotlandbgistics_
TheFinanceDitectoris directlyrcsponsibleto the CEA.
I n sotry about all the troublel've caused
.
sorryior (+ inq) I n sotry for cauting so nuch ttouble.
lfelt sotry for Georgewhenhe didn't get thepronotion.
196 47 ADJECIIVE+ PREPOsITIOI{

47 Practice

Exercise
l Ett
Completeeachsentence1-10 with an endingaH)

I Areyou inter€sted g a) at motivating people.

2 Thismodelis difierent ! b) with usforsending thewronggoods.
3 Arcyouaware tr c) for anotherd nk?
4 Theywerereallyannoyedn youarccreating?
d) oithe difficulties
5 He3become verykeen n e) aboutthis,but I don'tth nk it'sgoingto work.
6 good
laneisreally n 0 bythenumberofInt€rnet caf6sin thistown.
7 I'msotired.l'm
notused E in
9) anyother items fromthe catalogue7
8 areyouready ! h) fromtheoldonein someimportant ways.
9 lwasquitesurprised n i) to thetimedifference yet.
lo lcouldbewrcng n j) on keeping tit rccently.

Exercise2 ! |
Complete
thesentences
withonewod fromlistAandonewod trom stB.
A: attached tired dependentpepcler involved sale suitable serious
Br about for from in of on to *ith

1 Thisfundisvery...r9e4!+t:.........*i11....investors lookingfor long"term groMh.

2 Thefirewallshould makethenetwork..--....-.............. .................
attackby hackers.
3 Forfudherdetaik,seethecopyofthecontract........................................thslette
4 Staftingsalaryis....................... previous
................. experience.
5 I don'tthinkthey?e.......................
.................
thE theyhaven'tbeenin touchfor weeks.
5 Wete ,,............,,,,,,,,, everystigeof theprocess,
,,,,..........,,, fromdesign to production.
7 | needa change. l'm.......................
.................
doingthesame thing€very day.
8 Hedge furdsarcveryiskyTheyrenot ................... .......... thep vateinvesto..

Exercise3 I
Undeinethecoffectword-
1 I m 'eallyangryaboutl)ufu themfor not lettingusknowsooner.
2 l'vespoken io Robertandl'm reasonably happywtrlfolall the a(angemenrs.
3 l'm reallyhappywithlfor t\,laggie,shedeserved to get prcmoted.
4 l'm a bit annoyedaboutlwthallthisrcnfusion withthewronqinvoices.
5 l'm a bit annoyedaboutlw,ththemfor sending thewronginvoices.
6 I'm sotryaboutlforvthat happened yesterday.
7 )'m sotryaboutlfor a i\ing so late- I got delayedin trafiic.
8 I feelverysorryaboutlfor Frances. shedidn't deserveto betreatedlikeihat.
9 Lowinflationis goodatltorleyfh everysectorof the economy.
10 She'dbe ercellentin HumanResources, shesreallygoodatlforlwith people.
11 Richard, canyouhelpuswiththistranslation? Youe goodatlforlwithFrcnh.
12 lf you ne€dto rcferthe decisionupwadr who areyou responsible forlto?
I 3 A$headof depatment,how manynaff arcyou responsible forlro?
14 Whoisresponsible forlto the Scandinavian market?
 47 ADjECT|VE+ PnEFOSITION197

E x e r c i s4eR R m
Complete thesecond sentence soit hasa similarmeaning to thefirstsenr€nce.
1 Consumers findtheoldmodels a bit boring.
consumels area bir bored................ry.i.t.t'r...t1e,..-"ld..l.eC''s!a..................
.
2 JLrlia
lsAdrianswife.
J, a isnamed... ...............
3 l'm notaccultomed to drivinqon the left.
Irf nolu5ed
4 | needto getth€ roompreparcd for themeeting.
I eedlo gelrhe'oomready ......
5 Doyoufindarchaeology interesting?
Areyou.. ............................
. ..............................
7
6 Whathe saidhasmademeangry
l'n angry.. ...........
7 Mathematics wasalways mybestsubject.
I wa<. walsve-y9oo0
8 Theadvenising campaign wasa disanerYousaidit wouldbe.
Youwer€rght............... .............
. lt wasa dsaner
9 Therewe'elorso, peopLe In rheconference r..
Thecor'ercnce La wasfull..
10 I don'trcallylikeheridea.
l'n rct 'eay veryleen.. ........

Exercise5Enig
Complete
thesequenc€ol ernalswitha wod fromthe n below
a,i€r€ attachedcapablecompariblecovereddependentinvoved lackng are opposed
preparedright similar useful

Arc you (1) ......4W.41e....,, of the articreabout customor R€tationshtpManasem€nt (cRM) in ths rare$ Business
W € 6 k ?l ' v e s c a n n € di t a n d ( 2 ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . . . .i .r .l .o. .l h i s E m a i t .
Basicallt it says that in the past @mpanies were (3) ..-......-.............. on lheir brend nam€, but in the tutur6 weI hav€ to
b€ (4) ......................., for 6ustome6 changing s!pplier mo.6 ofi€n.
To give betters€ruic€ w6ll need CRM soit .re (5) ........................ of inte€ralingcusrom€r hlomaton across rn€ saBs
ror€, call @ntre 6nd w6bsiie That infomalion also be@mes (6) ......... .............for mark€tinq thtngs tike
understandlngbuyingb€haviourrrememberyousayingsomelhing(7).......................tothisinameetingtastyeaiand
as you are (3)........................
in tT purchasingdecisions tlhoughtyou shoutd see lhe artict6.

Re: Cusromgr RetationshipManag6m6nt

Thanks forthe email. Yout€ absorutery(9) .......................about th6 importan@ ofCRM, and if you remen,ue|
proposed at that meeting thar w€ inv66r in new CRM soltwa@. Most p€opte @re (1O) ._......_...............
to lhe idea, parly
becaus€ofrh6dlflrcultyinfindingsofi\rar€(11)..._................wiltrourorhertTsystems.tsaidarthetimethatthey
wereabit(12)..................._..invision,burir's.orbo(13)....................._forusto$an.f[puttog6rh6rashortreporr
based on th6 id€as (14) ...-...........-.....-..
in rh6 arrict€and circulate it. Thanks again.
194

oun + preposition

A Noun + preposition
a Here s a listof nounsand ihe prcpositions
normallyus€dwith them:
abililyin

ditficultywith

B Noun + preposition (from unit 46)

a Manyoi the verbsin unit 46 haverelat€dnount wlh the s.me pr€position.
Hereare
someexamoles:
a9reementw th/about

C Noun + preposition (from unit 47)

a Manyof theadjectives nounswirhthesamepreposton.Hereare
in unir47 h.verelated

suitabty for

D Rise, fall + oflin

a Words.efedng io inc.eases and dercares(liker,!e, laL etc)can be fo owed by of or rn.
Of rcfersto an amount./, referslo the thing thai hasincreased or decreased.
Therehas beenan increase/riselreduction/fall in aaeratino Drofit of 3a/o.
 48 NOUN + PREPOSITION 199

E Connection, relationship + withlbetween

a One thing hasa link with another.
Ihete is a link between tyo things.
Wordsthat can be folowed by eltherpr€posiUon
include:connectian,link,relatianship,
conttast" differen e
Thereis a cannection/relatianshiplcontun with what happened last year.
Thereis a canne<:tionlrelatianshiplcont?st between bst Wat and thisyear

F Need, wish, ,equest + for

a Nounsmeaning'need'or tequest' hdvefor aft€rthem. Examples nc Lrd€applicationfo,
demand fac need foc oder faa preferencefor, rcquest for.

G Prepositionalphrases
a Hereis a listof commonpreposilional phrares(peposition+ noun phrase):
at shortnotice,at costprice,at a good pnceiat a proft/loss,at first sight
I ve had ta call this neeting at short notice becauseaf the urgencyof the situation.
It's tliffi.ult to sellat a rcasonableprcfit when labou castsare so high.
by accident,by carlbus/taxr,by chance,by creditcad, by hand,by law, by rnstake,
by posi/cou.ierby rcium {of post)
We net in the streetby chance. lt was quite unexpected.
Pleaselet us knaw you decisionby rctun as fw+ker delay will result in hlghet casts.
tor a change,for lunch,for pleasu.e.
for sale
Wauldyou like to lain us for lunch?
We always eat pizza. Tonight let'sgo to a Thaircstauant fot a .hange.
in advance.in bulk,in cash,in chargeof, in connectionwirh, in debt,in the end,in lavourof,
in general,in. hurry in the markel(companiet,in my op nion,in rtock,in fnancialtems,
in the pipe ne, in touch,in trouble,in otherwords,in wrt n9
We need25o/oof the total pice in advance, with the balancean receipt ol the gaads.
|'n sotry vtE don't have that nodel in sto*. We re expeclng sane mare next week.
'Iruesto6
Ttst boughtuhateuelsta.kr wta avaiLdbLh lk b.lieI tl&t uorc lositire ew ea! in the
pipeline,'an ondlytsoid. (ShanghiiD.ily ivebsite)
on the basisof. on busness,on foot, on hand,on hoLd,on hoiday,on the Internet,on the
otherllfe, on loan,on the market(productt,on order,on ih€ phone,on p!rpose,on sae,
on strike,on television,
on tack, on a trip, on rhe whoe
I think we (an nave forwatd on the hasis of what we ve discussed
We don t have any in sto.k ight now but there are 20 ikms on otder
n ldr CaLd,nan.Ct,hdn ap tuna, w^ on hand,a da
ra A.hl.itdct.at , xp.,i.ttll dpdl'ndt
thej"dftidl cngn'eeitg (Busines Week website)
The uonot'y tM on ha.h lot rcauery,Mr sakai:'d irt'sted. Theretwuld, he said,bagrowth d nng
tE dtent qua ex (FT.corn websire)
out of date,out of order,out of business
Vetsian6? Yaursoftu/are is a bit out of daE isn't it? Theyre seling veEian 8 now.
Sorry the lift is out ol otder. Youll have ta use the nairs.
up ro oare,up Io you
I useve\ian 8 of this sottware - it's the nost up to da€.
I dan't nind which renaurant we go to. lt s up to you.
2|X, 4a OUI{ + PREPatSlTlOttl

48 Practice

ExerciseI tIIl
with a prcpositionfrcm the list below.
Completethe sentences
between betw€€n {or tor in in cf of te to with with

1 Haveyourcceiv€d theemailyousentyesteday?
a reply......l9---...
2 ]he demand.................
microchips isverycyclical.
3 lhe esultsthi5yeararein nrongcontrast.................
thoseof theyearbefore.
4 Thereisa strongcofiast -..............--
theseresults
andthoseof the!€arbefor€,
5 What5thematter.................
vourPC?Hasit dashed?
5 Lastyeartherewasa fall...-.....,,,,....
unemployment .................O,5o/o,
7lsthereanydifference...,...,,,,......thesetwoboxes?lheybothlookthesame,
I Atthe momentlcanlthink of anyro|ution.................theproblem.
profitswa5disappointing.
9 Theincrcase................. Therewasa ise.................
only47o.
10 l'd liketo placean order.................
fortycases
of singlemaltwhisky.

Exercise2 f ![
Completethe sentences
with a word flom lin A anda word from lin B.
A: .advantagefocus involvementobjection payment price suitability tFecbh
B: of of for tor in on to *ith

1 We're9oin9to change suppliels. we haveso much....1!'...r14h!-e-....

tilh.. rhem.
2 The.......................
...........
oil has gonedown by$2 a baffelsinceJanuary.
3 The..................................usingasmall@mpanyisthithey'teu5!allycheapel
4 We'rewastingtime,wene€dto.....,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,...,,,,,,,,,.themainissue.
5 We haven't r€ceived ..,,,,,,,,............,
,,,,,,,,,,,
the lastinvoiceyet.
5 Doesanyone haveany..........,,,,,,,,..... thatpropos.l?
.......,,,, OK,it3 aqreed,
7 Therearerumours ot theh,..........,,,,,,,,...,
.......,...
illegalarm5
dea15.
8 lt!aviolentfilm.l'mnotsurcabouti6.......,,,,,,,.............,,,,,,,avounoaudience,

Exercise
3 tr
underlinethe corect words,
'I
4lrn filst siglt it lookslikea gooddeal,but w€ needmoredetaikatltb a hurry
2 A: Shallw€ try usinga differentsuppli€rbyllor a change?
B: tt3 uplout to you.
3 Arc you payingbylin ca:hot bylin opdit cad?
4 Thehousenextdooris torlat sale.ltS be€norlir the ma*et for ages.
5 Veryfew Eoardmembersarcatl,ir favourof the merge.,n/O, the whole,theythink it will createmo€
prcblemsthan it sohies-
6 We needto keep,iDlontoudr with the situationas it develops.
7 Are],ouhereonlfor business or onlfor de6ure?
8 A: Didyou do it bylon purpose?
B: No,ot courseno! | did it bylon m,istake.
9 Byl/n financialt€rmsthqy'renot doingwell.rhefre $ t0m inlout of debt.
I 0 A: *tick, irs PaulBrockJrcmTycoatlon th€ phone.
B: Canyouput himatlo, holdwhilellook for hisfile?OK,l'veJound it- l'lltakeltat/on theother
line.
 4a I||OUll + PnEPOSltlOltl 20i

Exer<ise4 E
Studythe underlinedprepositional phrases.Writethe entence letteraFl) containingeachphrasenextto a
similarphrase l-l2 below
a) l'm sony,I think we weretalkingat crossoumoe' Letme makemyselfclear
b) Forthetimebeinolthinkw€ shouldwait Weran makea decision later
c) lt3 to our advantage to wo* togetheron this.We'rcall in the sameboat.
d) lr wasfantasiticnews And it (amecompleGtyout ot the blue.
e) Ther€3two newproductsin the pio€line.They'llbe launchedlaterthisyear,
f) Youhaveto be reallyon the ball.Theshuationchangesall the tim€.
g) l'm speakingqfflhC_Egadof course,but the companyis closeto bankruptcy.
h) As youcan5eeits quitecomplicated. Bul i!_a_lgblhellwe mun act soon.
i) We?eadhidEg here.lf theytake usto courtwe'll prcbablylose.
j) l m afraidthenewCEOisout of hisdeothwiththislatestcrisis.
k) Sorry,its a!ftthe-qlr$iao. We couldneverag€e to that.
l) h the lonorun sharesarea betterinvestment thanbonds.
1 aboutdiffeEntthingswithoutrealisingE 7 unexpectedty !
2 quick-thinking andquick-acting 8 beingplanned andprepared n
3 to sayit biefly andclea y
=
L--l 9 overa lonotimeDeiod n
4 in thesameunpleasant situation n to for a shon-penod
of trme n
5 ln a situationthatistoo diffcultfor him n tt nol possrble n
6 in a situationthatmightcause trouble n t2 unoff'crally n
Exercise5llll
Complete
thesequence prepositions,
of emaibwiththecorrect Thes€rondnumberin eachbracket
shows
the number
of lettersin th€word.

Th. IntBrurBG ior rh€ post of lt manager aE happ€nlnq n6n ssk. €nd PeEonnet have just s6nt m6 hrorm6ton
(1r5) Aig'al. .ll the @ndldatos, I thoughr re should q6r logorher to diqse the CVs and th6 quoq ons wB are sohs rc
tocus on in th€ lnt€ryi€ws.
H6b Er€ ny ihouqht6,(2,2)...--....--.myoprnron rh6E rsa n6€d (3-3).......,,...som6on6 wlrh a good knowt€ds6
(4-2)............Bystem8lnreg€tion, b6eus6 rh6 ddn@ly (5-a) --...-......ourdcnr tT sy6t6m ts thata[ thB parls work
soparEtely -!u. w€bait6, th6 bact-ffi@ p|b@slng. blllhg, our supply chain 6tc, I hop6 re @n find s endidato who
has shown.u@56 (6-2)...---.....-deallng with alr th@ pro@ss in rh€ir pEvloG lob. but Personnerhav€ €r@ady
wamed me thst ih€€.6 lack (7-2) ......,.....Earry 3ton9 €ndrdates.
Arao, a lot or our lT jnfra.lructurc 16qult€ (&3) ..........--of daie and @rl h€v6 to mak6 a bis inv€sh€nt (+2) ,,,...,,,,..
n€w hardwa@sn. w6 n*d som@n6 whoS (lo-2).....-...... touch wnh whars (113) ...._....._sate (12-2) ,,...,,,....the
mark€l and €n take €.ponsibiliry (133) ..--.....--.th6 whol6 pumha.lng prc(:es-
What do you think? lf3 (14-2) -....-....-- to you - l'm f.€€ for a reoting mGt momings n6x w€6k.

Yes, w€ should have a me€ttng. lt will be good to disos ttE€ rfiin$ (1+2) ....,.......adwn@ (16-3) ...-........a chang€.
Usuallyth6 int€Nlews are (17-2) .---....---.
such shon noti@ that w dont g€t a.ian@ to calty took at lh6 CVs togglher
the kind of qu€tions @ c going to.sk. Next Tu*day mominq woutd be good for
and msk€ d€cbions (1a-5) ..----...--.