Electrical Power Transmission (EE-352) : Presenter: Dr. Umbrin Sultana Assistant Professor Eed, Neduet

Electrical Power
Transmission (EE-352)
P R E S E N T E R : D R . U M B R I N S U LTA N A
A S S I S TA N T P R O F E S S O R
EED, NEDUET
Insulators:
The overhead line conductors are bare and not
covered with any insulating coating or covering.
insulators provide insulating medium which keep the

line conductor away from the supporting structure
and thus prevent any leakage current from
conductors to earth.
Properties of Insulators:
In general, the insulators should have the following desirable
properties.
➢High mechanical strength: in order to with stand conductors

load, wind load, storms etc.
➢High electrical resistance: of insulator material in order to avoid

leakage currents to earth.
➢High relative permittivity of insulator material in order

dielectric strength is high. The insulator should be able to
withstand the over-voltage due to lightning, switching or
other causes under severe weather conditions.
Properties:
➢The insulator material should be non-porous, free from impurities
and cracks, otherwise the permittivity will be lowered.
➢It provide necessary clearance between conductors and metal
works.
➢High ratio of puncture strength to flash over
The most commonly used material for
insulators of overhead line is porcelain
Properties
Porcelain has strong mechanical strength than
glass and less effected by changes of
temperature.
Porcelain Insulator
Types of Insulators:
➢Pin type Insulators
➢Post Insulators
➢Suspension type Insulators
➢Strain Insulators
➢Shackle Insulators
Pin type Insulators:
It provides the most economic, simple
and efficient method for voltages less
than 33 kV.
➢Conductor can fitted on cross arm with the help
of pins and conductor is placed in the
groove at the top of insulator and it is tied
with the help of copper or aluminum wires.
➢Pin should be able to withstand.
the mechanical stress, wind and ice
loading.
Advantages:
➢It is cheaper.
➢In many cases one pin insulator can do
the work of two suspension insulators.
➢Since pin insulator rises the conductor
above the cross arm so required height
of tower is also less.
Disadvantages:
➢For operating voltage greater than 33kV, it in uneconomical and
size is also bulky.
➢Once the pin insulator is failed short circuit can occur.
Post Insulator:
➢These are used for supporting the bus bars and disconnecting
switches in sub station.
➢It is similar to pin type insulators but has metal base and metal cap
➢In this insulators, the porcelain elements
are in the form of cones fitting one inside
the other and are bonded by special cement.
➢Used for voltages up to 69kV.
Post Insulator
Suspension type insulators:
➢It consists number of porcelain discs
flexible connected in series by metal
links in form of a string.
➢It hangs from cross arms and
conductor is attached to tower
end/lowest unit
➢As there is no pin, we can put any distance between the cross arms and
the conductors by adding a disc
➢Number of insulator in a string depends on operating voltage, weather
condition, type of transmission structure and the size of insulator used.
Arcing horns:
➢Arcing horns are used to protect insulators on
high voltage lines from damage during flashover.
➢Over voltages on transmission lines, due to
switching operation, lightning, or electrical faults
can cause arcs across insulators (flashovers) that
can damage them.
Arcing horns:
➢The horns makes the flashover to occur between
themselves rather than across the insulator
surface.
➢Horns are normally paired on either side of the
insulator, one connected to the line and the other
to ground.
Flashover: make an electric circuit by sparking
across a gap.
Arcing horn:
Advantages:
➢It is cheaper for operating voltage above 33/66 kV
➢If any of the disc is damaged, the whole string does not become
useless because the damaged disc can be replaced by the sound
one.
➢The suspension arrangement provides greater flexibility to the
line. The connection at the cross-arm is such that insulator string
is free to swing in any direction and can take up the position
where the mechanical stresses are minimum.
Advantages:
➢In case the line is to operate on a higher voltages
in future, additional units would be introduced to
the same string.
➢Each unit is designed for operating voltage of
about 11kV, so that a string can be assembled by
connecting several units to suit the service voltage.
Disadvantages:
➢Spacing between conductor should be large to

allow swing of conductors
➢Height of line supports should be large as

conductor is hanged below the cross arms.
Strain Insulator or Tension Insulators:
➢At the dead end / line terminal, at angle towers/
corner the line, and at road crossings is subjected to
great tension. To withstand this tension strain insulators
are used.
➢They are designed to handle mechanical stresses at

angle position where there is a change in the direction
of line or at the terminations of line.
➢The disc of strain insulators are used in
the horizontal plane.
➢When the tension in line is

exceedingly high, as at long river spans,
two or more strings are used in parallel.
➢These are special mechanical strong

suspension insulators.
Shackle Insulators:
They are frequently used for
low voltage distribution lines.
Such insulators can be
used either in horizontal
position or in a vertical
position.
Shackle Insulators:
They can be directly fixed to the pole
with a bolt to the cross arms.
For voltage less than 11kV, shackle
insulators are used as strain insulators.
Proper selection of
overhead line insulators is
essential for successful
operation of overhead lines.
Dear Students,
Note down your queries, if any. Next week, we shall
held a live question-answer session for further
related discussion

Electrical Power Transmission (EE-352) : Presenter: Dr. Umbrin Sultana Assistant Professor Eed, Neduet

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Electrical Power

insulators provide insulating medium which keep the

➢High mechanical strength: in order to with stand conductors

➢High electrical resistance: of insulator material in order to avoid

➢High relative permittivity of insulator material in order

➢Spacing between conductor should be large to

➢Height of line supports should be large as

➢They are designed to handle mechanical stresses at

➢When the tension in line is

➢These are special mechanical strong

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