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    Sewage Treatment Plant

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    abhi verma
    The document describes the design of a sewage treatment plant for a residential society. It provides an overview of sewage treatment, outlining the objectives and typical 3-stage process. It then details the design of the specific treatment plant, including sizing calculations for screens, a grit chamber, primary sedimentation tank, trickling filter, secondary sedimentation tank, and conical humus tank based on design parameters and assumptions provided. The design aims to produce treated effluent meeting discharge standards without harming the environment.

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    Sewage Treatment Plant

    Uploaded by

    abhi verma
    72 views9 pages
    The document describes the design of a sewage treatment plant for a residential society. It provides an overview of sewage treatment, outlining the objectives and typical 3-stage process. It then details the design of the specific treatment plant, including sizing calculations for screens, a grit chamber, primary sedimentation tank, trickling filter, secondary sedimentation tank, and conical humus tank based on design parameters and assumptions provided. The design aims to produce treated effluent meeting discharge standards without harming the environment.

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    SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT

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    The document describes the design of a sewage treatment plant for a residential society. It provides an overview of sewage treatment, outlining the objectives and typical 3-stage process. It then details the design of the specific treatment plant, including sizing calculations for screens, a grit chamber, primary sedimentation tank, trickling filter, secondary sedimentation tank, and conical humus tank based on design parameters and assumptions provided. The design aims to produce treated effluent meeting discharge standards without harming the environment.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    72 views9 pages

    Sewage Treatment Plant

    Uploaded by

    abhi verma
    The document describes the design of a sewage treatment plant for a residential society. It provides an overview of sewage treatment, outlining the objectives and typical 3-stage process. It then details the design of the specific treatment plant, including sizing calculations for screens, a grit chamber, primary sedimentation tank, trickling filter, secondary sedimentation tank, and conical humus tank based on design parameters and assumptions provided. The design aims to produce treated effluent meeting discharge standards without harming the environment.

    Copyright:

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    Download as pdf or txt
    of 9

    Approved by AICTE, Government of India & Affiliated to Dr A.P.

    J Abdul Kalam
    Technical University, Lucknow

    DESIGN OF A SEWAGE TREATMENT


    PLANT
    FOR A RESIDENTIAL SOCIETY

    - By Abhinav Verma

    Department of Civil Engineering


    G L Bajaj Institute of Technology & Management

    Greater Noida – 201306

    (2020- 2021)
    SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT: AN OVERVIEW
    Sewage Treatment Plant is a plant or installation setup that
    is used to purify contaminated substances. These
    substances may be solid, liquid, and semi-solids. Sewage
    treatment is one of the treatments that a waste treatment
    plant works on in the oil and gas industry and in other
    manufacturing industries.
    Sewage treatment is the process of removing containments
    from wastewater and household sewage, both effluents and
    domestic. It includes physical, chemical, and biological
    processes.
    The Objective of sewage treatment is to produce a
    disposable effluent without causing harm to the surrounding
    environment and preventing pollution.
    Sewage treatment generally involves three stages ->
    1. Primary Treatment: Concerned with the removal of
    suspended solids.
    Now the primary treatment is collectively performed by:
    (i) Screening: Removal of Heavy Solids.
    (ii) Grit Chamber: Removal of fine inorganic
    Suspended Solids.
    (iii) PST: Removal of fine inorganic Suspended
    Solids.

    2. Secondary or Biological treatment: Concerned with


    Removal of Dissolved OM.

    3. Tertiary or Chemical treatment: Concerned with


    Removal of Microorganisms.
    RAW SEWAGE SCREENING GRIT CHAMBER PRIMARY SECONDARY OR
    (NON- AERATED) SEDIMENTATION BIOLOGICAL
    TANK(PST) TREATMENT

    SUPERNANT LIQUID EFFLUENT


    DIGESTED SLUDGE
    SLUDGE SECONDARY
    APPLIED ON DRYING
    DIGESTOR SLUDGE SEDIMENTATION
    BEDS
    TANK
    General characteristics: AS per the manual
    • Characteristics of waste - water:
    BOD (Biochemical Oxygen 300 to 350 mg / Lt.
    Demand)
    COD (Chemical Oxygen 350 to 450 mg / Lt.
    Demand)
    TSS (Total Suspended 350 to 450 mg / Lt.
    Solids)
    PH 7 to 8
    Oil & Grease 100 to 510 mg / Lt.

    • Characteristics of treated effluent:


    BOD5 < 10 mg / Lt.
    COD < 100 mg / Lt.
    PH < 6.5 to 7.5
    Oil & Grease < 10 mg / Lt
    Turbidity = 1 mg/ Lt.

    .
    Detailed design of the STP is in the following section.

    1. Screens:
    Q = 6.3MLD = 0.073m3 /sec
    Clear spacing between bars = 60mm and bar diameter = 20mm
    Inclination of bars with horizontal = 60° (For Manual Cleaning)

    2. Grit Chamber (Non – Aerated):


    Let detention time, td = 3min
    Volume = 0.073*3*60 = 13.14m3
    Let the height of chamber be 1m and B/H = 2
    So, B = 1*2 = 2m and L = Volume/ (2*1) = 6.57m
    Provide Dimensions of the chamber: 6.6m*2m*1m
    3. PST (PRIMARY SEDIMENTATION TANK)
    Assumptions ->
    1. Type II: Flocculant Settling
    2. Overflow Rate: OFR 𝑝𝑒𝑎𝑘 = 50m3 /m2 /day and OFR 𝑎𝑣𝑔 =
    25m3 /m2 /day
    3. Velocity of flow = V𝑓 = 0.3 m/s
    4. Detention Time = t 𝑑 2hrs
    Design Steps ->
    Q 𝑎𝑣𝑔
    Surface Area = = (0.073m3 /sec)/(25m3 /m2 /day) = 252m2
    OFR 𝑎𝑣𝑔

    Q 𝑝𝑒𝑎𝑘
    Surface Area = = (0.073m3 /sec)/(50m3 /m2 /day) =
    OFR 𝑝𝑒𝑎𝑘
    126m2
    Providing maximum surface area = 252𝑚2
    Now Volume of tank = (0.073m3 /m2 /sec) * 2hrs = 525.6 m2
    Height of tank = Volume/ Surface area = 2.1m
    Now Length of tank = V𝑓 ∗ t 𝑑 = 36m
    Width of Tank = Surface Area/ Length = 7m
    Dimensions of PST: (36* 7* 2.1 m3 )
    4. Trickling Filter
    Assumptions
    1. Design Population = 14000
    2. Sewage discharge rate = 150lpcd
    3. Influent BOD = S𝑖 = 225mg/l
    4. Organic Loading Rate (Excluding Recirculation) = OLR =
    104 kg/hac-m/day
    5. R= Recirculation Ratio = 1
    6. Solid Loading Rate (Including Recirculation) = SLR =
    180ML/hac/day
    7. Efficiency of Filter = n𝑓𝑖𝑙𝑡𝑒𝑟 = 75%
    Design Steps:
    So, Q 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 14000 * 150lpcd = 2.1MLD
    Given: R=1
    Q 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 / Q 𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 1
    Q 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = Q 𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
    Now, Plan area = (Q 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 + Q 𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 )/ SLR = 2Q 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 / SLR
    = (2*2.1)/180 = 233.33 m2
    𝜋
    ∗ dia2 = 233.33 m2
    4

    Dia = 17.23m≈ 17.5m


    Volume = (Q 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 ∗ S𝑖 )/OLR = (2.1* 106 ∗ 225 ∗ 10−6 )/ 104 = 472.5m3
    and Depth = Volume/ Plan Area = 2.025m
    It is important to note that the filter removes only a very small
    percentage of finely divided suspended organic matter and majority
    of the organic matter just gets coagulated due the biological
    oxidation and denitrification that takes place in the filter. This
    coagulated suspended mass is removed in the following SECONDARY
    SEDIMENTATION TANK.

    5. SST (SECONDARY SEDIMENTATION TANK)


    ASSUMPTION:
    1. Hydraulic loading rate = 28Ml/hac/day
    DESIGN STEPS:
    Now, Q 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 2.1 MLD
    ∴ Surface Area of filter bed = 1.8Mld/(28ML/hac/day) = 642.85m2
    Provide 2 equal sized circular tanks, each having diameter as follow:
    𝜋
    ∗ dia2 = 642.85m2 /2
    4

    ∴ dia = 20.23m ≈ 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒 21m


    Design of Conical Humus Tank:
    Let the detention time = 1.5 hrs
    ∴ Volume of tank = (1.8ML/24 hrs) * 1.5 hrs = 112.5m3
    Now let the depth of the tank be 7.5m.
    1 πd2
    So, ∗ ∗ 7.5𝑚 = 112.5m3
    3 4

    ∴ diameter = 7.56m≈ 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒 7.6m

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