VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

BELAGAVI, KARNATAKA

A TECHNICAL SEMINAR REPORT

ON

EDGE COMPUTING

A report submitted in the partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of

Bachelor of
Engineering
in
Information Science & Engineering

Submitted by

ANIL KUMAR R (1SG17IS010)

Under the guidance of
Dr. Ramya R.
Associate Professor,
Dept. of I.S.E.,
S.C.E.

DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION SCIENCE & ENGINEERING

SAPTHAGIRI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Bengaluru-57

2020-21
 SAPTHAGIRI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
14/5, Chikkasandra, Hesaraghatta Main Road, Bengaluru-560057
[AFFILIATED TO VIVSVESWARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, BELAGAVI]

Department of Information Science & Engineering

CERTIFICATE
Certified that the Technical Seminar work entitled INTRODUCTION TO CLOUD
COMPUTING carried out by ANIL KUMAR R (1SG17IS010) bonafide student of 8th
semester, Department of Information Science & Engineering, Sapthagiri College of
Engineering, Bengaluru in partial fulfillment of the award of Bachelor of Engineering
in Information Science & Engineering of the Visvesvaraya Technological University,
Belagavi during the year 2020-21. It is certified that all corrections/suggestions indicated
for Internal Assessment have been incorporated in the Report deposited in the
departmental library. The Technical Seminar report has been approved as it satisfies the
academic requirements in respect of Technical Seminar prescribed for the said Degree.

Signature of the Guide Signature of the Coordinator Signature of the HOD

Dr. Ramya R Prof. Lakshmi V Dr. H R Ranganatha
Associate Professor, Assistant Professor, Professor & Head,
Dept. of ISE Dept. of ISE Dept. of ISE

Name of the Examiner Signature of the Examiner with date

1. …………………………………… 1. ………………………..

2. …………………………………… 2. …………………………
 ABSTRACT

The Cloud computing is not a new technology, but rather a natural evolution of efficient using
and combining several modern technologies. Computing power, data storage and
internetworking resources have all been put into a novel context and consequently,
transformed into services (either separately or taken together). HR teams are often not all
based in the same place. Additionally, many people now work remotely, a perk often given by
companies to appeal to those wishing to avoid a long commute, or who don’t want to place
young children in daycare. Having employees work from home is also environmentally
friendly, since it reduces the number of cars on the road; however, it can be very costly for
businesses to set these employees up with their own hardware and software licenses and it can
also be logistically difficult to service both hardware and software when an employee is not
situated in an office, with an inhouse IT support team available. This, of course, leads to one
of the main benefits of using cloud computing applications. The paradigm in cloud computing
is based on an old commercial approach – on-demand pay per use – in which you better rent a
service for a specific period of time instead of buying the support infrastructure (utilities
included), building a solution and administering it all by yourself. The cloud service providers
(CSPs) promise reliable and configurable resources, made available promptly to consumers
with a minimum effort and involvement on their behalf. 
Today we cannot think the world without internet. Tomorrow we cannot think the world
without the Cloud Computing. The Cloud Computing is going to change the way the
computing power is used for our day-to-day activities that we are unable to think today. With
these changes, a number of challenges are coming in the way of its implementations. Some
cloud providers started providing cloud services. However, these are at very initial stage as
compared to the potential of the cloud computing. Understanding and addressing these
challenges is very important for us. In this article, we try to understand the challenges that
came in the way of cloud computing. 
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Any achievement doesn’t depend solely on the individual efforts but on the guidance,
encouragement and cooperation of intellectuals, elders and friends. A number of personalities
have helped us. I would like to take this opportunity to thank all of them.

I would like to express our sincere gratitude to Dr. H Ramakrishna, Principal, S. C. E.,
Bengaluru, for his help and inspiration during the tenure of the course.

I extend warm thanks to Dr. H R Ranganatha, H.O.D., Dept. of I.S.E., S.C.E., Bengaluru,
for his constant encouragement, motivation and guidance.

I also extend my thanks to Technical Seminar Coordinator Prof. Lakshmi V, Assistant

Professor, Dept. of I.S.E., S.C.E., Bengaluru, for their valuable coordination and support.

I would like to thank my guide Dr. Ramya R, Associate Professor, Dept. of I.S.E., S.C.E.,
Bengaluru, for her timely advice, constructive suggestions and regular assistance in the
Technical Seminar work.

Wholeheartedly I would like to thank the faculty members and staff of the Department of
I.S.E., S.C.E., for their valuable time and expertise.

We would like to extend our heartfelt gratitude to our parents and to all our friends for their
co-operation and motivation.

ANIL KUMAR R

(1SG17IS010)
Sl. No. Figure No. Title of figure Page No.
1 3.1.1 A interaction between front-end and back-end 07
Process
LIST OF FIGURES

Chapter No. Chapter Name Page No.

1. INTRODUCTION 03-05
1.1 Overview 04
1.2 Organization of report 05

2. LITERATURE SURVEY 06-07

2.1 Related works 06
2.1.1 Description 06
2.1.2 Drawbacks 07

3. PRINCIPLE/WORKING 08-09
3.1 Working 08-09

4. MERITS AND DEMERITS 10-11

4.1 Merits 10
4.2 Demerits 11

5. APPLICATIONS 12-13

CONCLUSION 14

GLOSSARY 15-16

ACRONYMS 17
BIBLIOGRAPHY 18
 LIST OF FIGURES

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION
 LIST OF FIGURES
Cloud computing is the on-demand availability of computer system resources, especially data
storage (cloud storage) And computing power, without direct active management by the user.
The term is generally used to describe data centers available to many users over the Internet.
Large clouds, predominant today, often have functions distributed over multiple locations from
central servers. If the connection to the user is relatively close, it may be designated an edge
server.
 
Clouds may be limited to a single organization Enterprise clouds, or be available to multiple
organizations public cloud. Cloud computing relies on sharing of resources to achieve coherence
and economies of scale. Advocates of public and hybrid clouds note that cloud computing allows
companies to avoid or minimize up-front IT infrastructure costs. Proponents also claim that
cloud computing allows enterprises to get their applications up and running faster, with
improved manageability and less maintenance, and that it enables IT teams to more rapidly
adjust resources to meet fluctuating and unpredictable demand, providing the burst
computing capability: high computing power at certain periods of peak demand. 

Cloud providers typically use a "pay-as-you-go" model, which can lead to unexpected operating
expenses if administrators are not familiarized with cloud-pricing models. The availability of
high-capacity networks, low-cost computers and storage devices as well as the widespread
adoption of hardware virtualization, service oriented architecture and autonomic and utility
computing has led to growth in cloud computing. As of 2017, most cloud computers run
a Linux-based operating system.

Cloud Computing is the delivery of computing services such as servers, storage, databases,
networking, software, analytics, intelligence, and more, over the Cloud (Internet). Cloud
Computing provides an alternative to the on-premises datacenter. With an on-premises
datacenter, we have to manage everything, such as purchasing and installing hardware,
virtualization, installing the operating system, and any other required applications, setting up the
network, configuring the firewall, and setting up storage for data. After doing all the set-up, we
become responsible for maintaining it through its entire lifecycle.
1.1 Overview

Cloud computing architecture is a combination of service-oriented architecture and

event-driven architecture. Cloud computing architecture is divided into the following two parts
namely Front and End Back End the front-end interaction is by the user where interaction
occurs and the backend which contains application, service, Storage, Infrastructure,
Management, Security. And the interaction between the front end and backend is mediated by
the Internet.

And Cloud computing offers the three type of services called Software as a Service which
means we do not require to download and install these applications some of the Examples
are Google Apps, Salesforce Dropbox, Slack, HubSpot, Cisco WebEx. Platform as a Service
is quite similar to SaaS, but the difference is that PaaS provides a platform for software
creation, but using SaaS, we can access software over the internet without the need of any
platform, some of the Examples are Windows Azure, Force.com, Magento Commerce Cloud,
OpenShift.  Infrastructure as a Service is also known as cloud infrastructure services. It is
responsible for managing applications data, middleware, and runtime environments some of
the examples are Amazon Web Services (AWS) EC2, Google Compute Engine (GCE), Cisco
Meta pod. 

There are four Types of Cloud namely Public Cloud, Private Cloud, Hybrid Cloud and
Community Cloud. Public Cloud provides a shared platform that is accessible to the general
public through an Internet connection. Private cloud is also known as an internal
cloud or corporate cloud. Private cloud provides computing services to a private internal
network (within the organization) and selected users instead of the general public. Hybrid cloud
is a combination of public and private cloud, Hybrid cloud = public cloud + private cloud.
Community cloud is a cloud infrastructure that allows systems and services to be accessible by
a group of several organizations to share the information.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
  
1.1 Organization of Report

The report is organized into 5 chapters, starting with the chapter 1 provides a brief
introduction to the proposed system and an overview of the proposed system. Chapter 2
mainly discusses about the literature survey which includes details about the papers and
journals referred. It also discusses about the drawbacks and limitations in the existing system
and advantages of using proposed system. Chapter 3 provides the working principle of the
proposed system, It provides information about the different components used and their
working in the system to yield the required. Chapter 4 provides merits and demerits of the
proposed system. Chapter 5 provides information about the different applications of the
proposed system.
 CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE SURVEY

2.1 Related works

2.1.1 Description

Cloud computing is the on-demand availability of computer system resources, especially

data storage (cloud storage) and computing power, without direct active management by the
user. The term is generally used to describe data centers available to many users over
the Internet Large clouds, predominant today, often have functions distributed over multiple
locations from central servers. If the connection to the user is relatively close, it may be
designated an edge server. Clouds may be limited to a single organization (enterprise clouds,
or be available to multiple organizations (public cloud). 

Cloud computing relies on sharing of resources to achieve coherence and economies of

scale. Advocates of public and hybrid clouds note that cloud computing allows companies to
avoid or minimize up-front IT infrastructure costs. Proponents also claim that cloud computing
allows enterprises to get their applications up and running faster, with improved manageability
and less maintenance, and that it enables IT teams to more rapidly adjust resources to meet
fluctuating and unpredictable demand, providing the burst computing capability: high
computing power at certain periods of peak demand. Cloud providers typically use a "pay-as-
you-go" model, which can lead to unexpected operating expenses if administrators are not
familiarized with cloud-pricing models. The availability of high-capacity networks, low-cost
computers and storage devices as well as the widespread adoption of hardware
virtualization, service-oriented architecture and autonomic and utility computing has led to
growth in cloud computing. As of 2017, most cloud computers run a Linux-based operating
system. 
 
 A fundamental concept behind cloud computing is that the location of the service, and many of
the details such as the hardware or operating system on which it is running, are largely
irrelevant to the user. It's with this in mind that the metaphor of the cloud was borrowed from
old telecoms network schematics, in which the public telephone network (and later the internet)
was often represented as a cloud to denote that the just didn't matter -- it was just a cloud of
stuff. This is an over-simplification of course; for many customers location of their services and
data remains a key issue. Cloud computing is a model for enabling convenient, on
demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks,
servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with
minimal management effort or service provider interaction. Typical cloud computing providers
deliver common business applications online that are accessed from another web service or
software like a web browser, while the software and data are stored on servers. Most cloud
computing infrastructures consist of services delivered through common centers and built-on
services. Clouds often appear as single points of access for consumer’s computing needs.
Commercial offerings are generally expected to meet quality of service (QoS) requirements of
customers, and typically include service level agreements (SLAs) 
2.1.2 Drawbacks

 Security has always been a big concern with the cloud especially when it comes to
sensitive medical records and financial information. While regulations force cloud
computing services to shore up their security and compliance measures, it remains an
ongoing issue. Encryption protects vital information, but if that encryption key is lost, the
data disappears.
 
 Servers maintained by cloud computing companies may fall victim to natural disasters,
internal bugs, and power outages, too. The geographical reach of cloud computing cuts
both ways: A blackout in California could paralyze users in New York, and a firm in
Texas could lose its data if something causes its Maine-based provider to crash.
 
 As with any technology, there is a learning curve for both employees and managers. But
with many individuals accessing and manipulating information through a single portal,
inadvertent mistakes can transfer across an entire system. 
 CHAPTER 3

PRINCIPLE/WORKING
Working

3.1.1 Cloud Computing Working Process

The cloud has to be divided into different layers. These layers are the front-end and back-
end layers. The Front-end layer is that part of the cloud with which users can interact with. For
example, when we log in to our Gmail account, we see the UI (user interface) where everything
works on event-driven buttons and graphics. Similarly, the software also runs in the front end of
the cloud. Again, the back-end comprises hardware as well as software that delivers the back-
end data from the database to the front end. 

Figure 3.1.1: A interaction between front-end and back-end Process.

Cloud uses a network layer to connect different devices to provide access to resources residing
in the centralized data center of the cloud. Cloud technology users can use the data center
through the company's network or internet facilities. This technology provides various
advantages; users can access the cloud from anywhere at any time, but the network bandwidth
should have to be more. This technology not only facilitates desktop and laptop users, but
mobile users can also access their business systems based on their demand. 

As we already know that cloud computing is fast and efficient, applications running on the
cloud take advantage of flexibility and computing power, i.e., the speed of processing a task.
Many computers of a single organization work together along with their application on the
cloud as if all the applications were running on a single machine. This flexibility of accessing
the cloud resources allow users to use much or little of the resource based on the demand. In the
Cloud computing system architecture, there is another mechanism of shifting the workload.
Local machines don't have to perform massive lifting operations when it comes to run
applications. Cloud technology can handle those heavy loaded tasks automatically, easily, and
efficiently. This brings down the hardware & software demands. The only thing that the users
have to think of is the system's cloud computing interface software, which works merely as a
web-browser at the front end of the user. The cloud's network takes care of the rest along with
the back-end. 
 
The back-end is connected through a virtual network or internet. Other than that, there are few
more components such as Middleware, cloud resources, etc. that include cloud computing
architecture. The backend is used by service providers that include various servers, computers,
virtual machines & data storage facilities combined to form the cloud technology. Its dedicated
server handles each application in the system. The front end includes the cloud computing
system or network used to access the cloud computing system. The cloud computing systems
interface varies from cloud to cloud. 

The back-end has two principal responsibilities: 

 Provides traffic control mechanisms, security postures & governing the protocols. 
 To employ those internet protocols that are connected to the networked computer for
communication. 

One central server is used to manage the entire cloud system architecture. The server is solely
responsible for handling the smoothness of traffic without disruption. Middleware is a particular
type of software that is used to perform processes & also connects networked computers.
Depending on the client/user's demand, the storage is provided by the cloud technology's
service provider. In a cloud computing system, there is a significant workload shift. Local
computers have no longer to do all the heavy lifting when it comes to run applications. But
cloud computing can handle that much heavy load easily and automatically. Hardware and
software demand on the user's side decrease. The only thing the user's computer requires to be
able to run is the cloud computing interface software of the system, which can be as simple as a
Web browser and the cloud's network takes care of the rest. 
CHAPTER 4

MERITS AND DEMERITS

4.1 Merits

As we all know that Cloud computing is trending technology. Almost every company
switched their services on the cloud to rise the company growth. 

 Back-up and restore data 

Once the data is stored in the cloud, it is easier to get back-up and restore that data using
the cloud. 

 Improved collaboration 

Cloud applications improve collaboration by allowing groups of people to quickly and

easily share information in the cloud via shared storage. 

 Excellent accessibility 

Cloud allows us to quickly and easily access store information anywhere, anytime in the
whole world, using an internet connection. 

 Low maintenance cost 

Cloud computing reduces both hardware and software maintenance costs for
organizations. 

 Mobility 

Cloud computing allows us to easily access all cloud data via mobile. 

 iServices in the pay-per-use model 

Cloud computing offers Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) to the users for
access services on the cloud and pays the charges as per the usage of service. 

 Unlimited storage capacity 

Cloud offers us a huge amount of storing capacity for storing our important data such as
documents, images, audio, video, etc. in one place.
 
 . 

4.2 Demerits

 Internet Connectivity 

As you know, in cloud computing, every data (image, audio, video, etc.) is stored on the
cloud, and we access these data through the cloud by using the internet connection. If you
do not have good internet connectivity, you cannot access these data.

 Vendor lock-in 

Vendor lock-in is the biggest disadvantage of cloud computing. Organizations may face
problems when transferring their services from one vendor to another.

 Limited Control 

As we know, cloud infrastructure is completely owned, managed, and monitored by the

service provider, so the cloud users have less control over the function and execution of
services within a cloud infrastructure. 

 Security 

Although cloud service providers implement the best security standards to store important
information. But, before adopting cloud technology, you should be aware that you will be
sending all your organization's sensitive information to a third party, i.e., a cloud
computing service provider. While sending the data on the cloud, there may be a chance
that your organization's information is hacked by Hackers. 
 CHAPTER 5

APPLICATIONS
Cloud service providers provide various applications in the field of art, business, data storage
and backup services, education, entertainment, management, social networking, etc.

1. Art Applications 

I. Moo 

Moo is one of the best cloud art applications. It is used for designing and printing business
cards, postcards, and mini cards.
 
II. Vistaprint 

Vistaprint allows us to easily design various printed marketing products such as business
cards, Postcards, Booklets, and wedding invitations cards. 

III. Adobe Creative Cloud 

Adobe creative cloud is made for designers, artists, filmmakers, and other creative
professionals. It is a suite of apps which includes Photoshop image editing programming,
Illustrator, InDesign, Type Kit, Dreamweaver, XD, and Audition. 
  
2. Business Applications 

I. MailChimp 

MailChimp is an email publishing platform which provides various options to design,

send, and save templates for emails.
 
II. Salesforce 

Salesforce platform provides tools for sales, service, marketing, e-commerce, and more. It
also provides a cloud development platform.
 
III. Chatter 

Chatter helps us to share important information about the organization in real time. 

IV. Bitrix24 

Bitrix24 is a collaboration platform which provides communication, management, and

social collaboration tools. 

 
3. Data Storage and Backup Applications 
 
I. Box.com 

Box provides an online environment for secure content management,

workflow, and collaboration. It allows us to store different files such as Excel, Word, PDF,
and images on the cloud.

II. Mozy 

Mozy provides powerful online backup solutions for our personal and business data. It

schedules automatically back up for each day at a specific time. 

III. Joukuu 

Joukuu provides the simplest way to share and track cloud-based backup files. Many users
use joukuu to search files, folders, and collaborate on documents.
 
IV. Google G Suite 

Google G Suite is one of the best cloud storage and backup application. It includes Google

Calendar, Docs, Forms, Google+, Hangouts, as well as cloud storage and tools for
managing cloud apps. The most popular app in the Google G Suite is Gmail. Gmail offers
free email services to users. 

4. Education Applications 

I. Google Apps for Education

 
Google Apps for Education is the most widely used platform for free web-based email,
calendar, documents, and collaborative study. 

II. Chromebooks for Education 

Chromebook for Education is one of the most important Google's projects. It is designed for
the purpose that it enhances education innovation. 

III. Tablets with Google Play for Education

 
It allows educators to quickly implement the latest technology solutions into the classroom
and make it available to their students. 

IV. AWS in Education 

AWS cloud provides an education-friendly environment to universities, community colleges,

and schools. 
 CONCLUSION
Cloud computing is a newly developing paradigm of distributed computing. Virtualization in
combination with utility computing model can make a difference in the IT industry and as well
as in social perspective. Though cloud computing is still in its infancy but it’s clearly gaining
momentum. Organizations like Google, Yahoo, Amazon are already providing cloud services.
The products like Google App-Engine, Amazon EC2, Windows Azure are capturing the market
with their ease of use, availability aspects and utility computing model. Users don’t have to be
worried about the hinges of distributed programming as they are taken care of by the cloud
providers. They can devote more on their own domain work rather than these administrative
works. Business organizations are also showing increasing interest to indulge themselves into
using cloud services. There are many open research issues in this domain like security aspect in
the cloud, virtual machine migration, dealing with large data for analysis purposes etc. In
developing counties like India cloud computing can be applied in the e-governance and rural
development with great success. Although as we have seen there are some crucial issues to be
solved to successfully deploy cloud computing for these social purposes. But they can be
addressed by detailed study in the subject. 
GLOSSARY
 cloud 

A metaphor for a global network, first used in reference to the telephone network and now
commonly used to represent the Internet.  

 cloud bursting 

A configuration which is set up between a private cloud and a public cloud. If 100 percent
of the resource capacity in a private cloud is used, then overflow traffic is directed to the
public cloud using cloud bursting.
  
 cloud computing
 
A delivery model for computing resources in which various servers, applications, data and
other resources are integrated and provided as a service over the Internet. Resources are
often virtualized. 
 
 cloud computing types 

There are three main cloud computing types, with additional ones evolving—software-as-a-
service (SaaS) for web-based applications, infrastructure-as-a-service (IaaS) for Internet-
based access to storage and computing power, and platform-as-a-service (PaaS) which gives
developers the tools to build and host Web applications. 

 loud service provider 

A company that provides a cloud-based platform, infrastructure, application or storage

services, usually for a fee. 
 
 cloud storage 

A service that lets you store data by transferring it over the Internet or another network to an
offsite storage system maintained by a third party. 

 elastic computing 

The ability to dynamically provision and de-provision computer processing, memory and
storage resources to meet changing demands without worrying about capacity planning and
engineering for peak usage. 
 
 hybrid cloud 

A cloud that combines public and private clouds, bound together by technology that allows
data and applications to be shared between them. A hybrid cloud gives businesses greater
flexibility to scale up and down and offers more deployment options.
 
 infrastructure as a service (IaaS) 
 A virtualized computer environment delivered as a service over the Internet by a provider.
Infrastructure can include servers, network equipment and software. Also called hardware
as a service.
 
 platform as a service (PaaS) 

A computing platform (operating system and other services) delivered as a service over the
Internet by a provider. An example is an application development environment that you can
subscribe to and use immediately. Azure offers PaaS.
 
 private cloud 

Services offered over the Internet or over a private internal network to only select users, not
the general public. 

 public cloud 

Services offered over the public Internet and available to anyone who wants to purchase
them. 

 software as a service (SaaS) 

An application delivered over the Internet by a provider. Also called a hosted application.
The application does not have to be purchased, installed or run-on users’ computers. SaaS
providers were previously referred to as ASPs (application service providers).
 
 ACRONYMS
 Amazon Web Services (AWS) – Amazon Web Services is a suite of cloud
computing services that make a comprehensive cloud platform offered by Amazon.com.
AWS offers over three dozen cloud services spanning the IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS models
of cloud computing, and is the most popular cloud service provider, with nearly 30%
global market share in cloud IaaS, as of 2015. Well-known AWS services include
Amazon EC2, Amazon Elastic Beanstalk, and Amazon S3. 

 Application – An application is a group of computer programs designed to allow a user

to perform a set of functions or tasks. 

 Application Programming Interface (API) – An application programming interface

(API) is an interface that allows the user to access information from another service and
integrate this service into their own application. Through a set of defined requests, the
asking application is allowed to access limited pieces of the called upon application’s
functionality. APIs are used to share limited functionality between programs. One
example of an API is the Facebook share button on this page, another is Yelp’s use of
Google maps to display nearby restaurants. 

 Backend-as-a-Service (BaaS) – Backend as a service (BaaS), or mobile backend as a

service is a model of cloud computing in which the vendor provides web and mobile
application developers with tools and services to create a cloud backend for their
applications. BaaS vendors typically use custom SDKs and APIs to give developers the
ability to connect their applications to backend cloud storage and features such as user
management, push notifications, and social network integration. 

 Backend database – Any database that is accessed indirectly by the user. 

 Big Data – A broad term used to describe unconventional data sets which are either too
large or too complex to be dealt with using traditional data-processing techniques. 

 Cloud Application – An application that runs in the cloud. 

 Cloud Backup – Cloud backup is the process of backing up data to a remote, cloud-
based server. 

 Cloud Computing – Cloud computing is the delivery of information technology

services over a network, usually the internet. In the cloud computing model,
infrastructure, data, and software are hosted by the vendor and delivered to the user as a
service, much like a utility company would deliver water or electricity. 

 Data Migration – The process of moving data between two or more storage systems,

data formats, warehouses or servers. 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY
[1] Google app engine. http://code.google.com/appengine/. 

[2] Cloud computing for e-governance. White paper, IIIT-Hyderabad, January 2010. Available
online.  

[3] Demographics of India. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_ India, April 2010. 

[4] Economy of India. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_India, April 2010. 

 [5] Michael Armbrust, Armando Fox, Rean Griffith, Anthony D. Joseph, Randy H. Katz,
Andrew Konwinski, Gunho Lee, David A. Patterson, Ariel Rabkin, Ion Stoica, and Matei
Zaharia. Above the clouds: A berkeley view of cloud computing. Technical Report
UCB/EECS-2009-28, EECS Department, University of California, Berkeley, Feb 2009.  

[6] F.M. Aymerich, G. Fenu, and S. Surcis. An approach to a cloud computing network.
Applications of Digital Information and Web Technologies, 2008. ICADIWT 2008., pages 113
–118, August 2008. 

 [7] M. Backus. E-governance in Developing Countries. IICD Research Brief, 1, 2001. 

 
[8] Jaijit Bhattacharya and Sushant Vashistha. Utility computing-based framework for e-
governance, pages 303–309. ACM, New York, NY, USA, 2008. 
 
[9] D. Chappell. Introducing windows azure. http://go.microsoft.com/, December 2009. 26
Cloud Computing. 

[10] Vidyanand Choudhary. Software as a service: Implications for investment in software

development. In HICSS ’07: Proceedings of the 40th Annual Hawaii International Conference
on System Sciences, page 209a, Washington, DC, USA, 2007. IEEE Computer Society. 
 
[11] Ritu Dangwal. Public Computing, Computer Literacy and Educational Outcome: Children
and Computers in Rural India, pages 59–66. IOS Press, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 2005.  

[12] I. Foster, Yong Zhao, I. Raicu, and S. Lu. Cloud computing and grid computing 360-
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