Romilyn B.

Gregorio
BSBA MM 3 – 3N

FUNCTIONS OF ART AND PHILOSOPHY

ASSESSMENT/ SUGGESTED STUDY GUIDE

1. How is Philosophy and Art connected?

As per the instructional material, from a specific perspective, art, like philosophy,
reflects reality in its connection to man, and portrays man, his profound world, and the
relations between people in their interaction with the world. Where the two of them
getting associated when they passes on the truth of themselves and how they saw the
world or the translation of the world that they live in. In any case, if we came up what
philosophy is, philosophy is theoretical from beginning to end, while art is arousing and
possible. Philosophical idea mirrors its topic in ideas, in classes; art is described by
emotional and imaginable reflection and by transformation of the reality. Art and
philosophy both assume a major part in human existence. Instead, philosophy itself is art
just as much as art is philosophy. Philosophy is the art of critical and analytical thinking,
the art of reasoning, and the art of the illogical and logical. It is always an art.

2. Discuss the various purposes and functions of art in our society.

Art has had a great number of different functions throughout its history, making
its purpose difficult to quantify to any single concept. This does not imply that the
purpose of art is “vague” but that it has had many unique, different reasons for being
created. One role of Art is that Art expresses the emotions and struggles of the society it
exists within, and inspires society to cope and even overcome. It is where art influences
the social behavior of society. It can also express or describes collective aspects of
existence as opposed to individual and personal kind of experiences. Art also serves as
the identity of a certain society especially in beauty, where people have its different
perspective and perception in the word “beauty”.

3. Explain the meaning of “And no wonder, for art is a powerful catalyst for such abilities a
power of imagination, keen intuition and the knack of association, abilities needed by
both scientists and philosophers.”

Art is a powerful tool that is needed to guide by professional people who can
really understand the meaning of it such as scientist and philosopher who can clearly
state its true meaning. Art has its deep and infinitive meaning for everyone. Art can be
used in different field of studies that includes effective thinking for human’s creative
activities and abilities. Also, the only way a true work of art can appear, no matter what
its subject may be.

ART APPRECIATION (CORRESPONDENCE)

Romilyn B. Gregorio
BSBA MM 3 – 3N

SUBJECT, CONTENT, AND ART AND ARTISANS

ASSESSMENT

Instruction: Write and submit a reflection and general impressions on the texts and lessons
about the Functions of Art and Philosophy/Subject/Content/Artists and Artisans. (Not less than
500 words)

Chapter 1 tackles about the purposes and functions of art and the relatedness of art in
philosophy. On my own opinion art is essential part of people’s life because it expresses emotion
or an expression of everyone’s life. Art also inspires people where art can allow for interpretation
of any kind.
The second chapter is named "Subject, Content, Art, and Artisans" this section discusses
the association of expressions and philosophical ideas, the speculations and elements of
expressions, and how to recognize the craftsman's from craftsman's and the other way around.
As indicated by the book Theory of Workmanship composed by Noél Carroll the obligation of
portrayal with craftsmanship is a lasting one. Portrayal was taken to be a significant quality of
workmanship in the early methods of reasoning of craftsmanship in the West. For quite a long
time, this view won and was persuasive in molding our opinion about as the western arrangement
of expressions of the human experience. Therefore, a huge piece of this section was spent
discussing pictorial portrayal, which is best examined by what was viewed as a neo-naturalist
hypothesis of pictorial portrayal, as we have proposed. Pictorial portrayal, notwithstanding, isn't
the entire story of the connection among craftsmanship and portrayal since there are different
types of portrayal than pictorial portrayal. Subsequently, we examined the distinction in illustrative
practices all through expressions of the human experience in the last part of this section. We saw
that there is certainly not a specific kind of portrayal in every one of the various expressions. The
very bundle of authentic strategies that different expressions can utilize can be abused by every
work of art. (Theory of Craftsmanship, Noël Carroll)
As indicated by Mao Zedong's Progressive Stylish and Its Impact on the Philippine Battle
was composed by Alice G. Guillermo, she expressed that Mao Zedong's, introduced at a
gathering of revolutionaries in a guerrilla zone in 1942. In the overall field of battles for public
freedom, the Asian people group, as it takes shape the part of craftsmanship and writing from
solid states of progressive experience and practice, is likewise critical. Throughout the entire
existence of Obstruction, Counter-revolt tasks were done by the traditionalist armed force,
including bombings of the open country and towns bringing about the dislodging of regular people,
and denials of basic freedoms were far and wide under Marcos' rule of military law. She later
proclaimed all-out battle, alongside her standardization of over the top and criminal volunteer
army possess, against the working class and the progressive powers. The serious besieging of
laborer populaces proceeds in the wide open during the present Fidel Ramos government,
especially in the North, where guerrillas have set up their fortresses. In light of this need to make
another individuals' local area, Mao Zedong will talk at the Yenan Discussion. It is the most
adjusted, sound, and altruistic definition, as the commitment of communist Leninist-Mao Zedong
Thinking to style, which at no time breakdowns workmanship into governmental issues or
completely dismisses the social legacy of the past or the creative commitments of different
gatherings. In view of what I have perused, specialists focus on making stylishly engaging works,
while crafted by craftsman’s zeros in more on decorating and usefulness than feel.

ART APPRECIATION (CORRESPONDENCE)

Romilyn B. Gregorio
BSBA MM 3 – 3N

ELEMENTS AND PRINCIPLES OF ART

ASSESSMENT

Instruction: Create an artwork that would exhibit at least five elements of art using any form or
media. Then write a short essay on how the principles of art are used and integrated in your
artwork.

Obviously my painting was a Cherry blossom tree. If the principle of art will be
applied to my painting, the emphasis here was the tree itself. To be honest my painting
is not in balance. Because there are parts that the colors are more dominant than the
other parts. Also, the leaves are not perfectly proportion for the branches. The variety
will be the colors that I used for my painting which is red and pink. The movement will be
the branch and the trunk of the tree. For the elements, I used colors, the lines for the
branches, the space and textures.

ART APPRECIATION (CORRESPONDENCE)

Romilyn B. Gregorio
BSBA MM 3 – 3N

ASSUMPTIONS OF ART: FUNCTIONALISM, ACTION

THEORY AND INSTITUTIONAL THEORY
ASSESSMENT

LET’S DO THE ACTIVITIES

Share your insights on the following topic:
1. Functionalism theory of Art
 Functionalism asserts that the value of artworks is determined by and therefore
reducible to their practical function or purpose. The term 'functionalism' is
ambiguous, not least since the functionalist movement contained diverse and
partly contradictory artistic and social tendencies. In an artwork, functionalism
believes that the function itself is more important than the appearance, what
makes the art beautiful is its use or function. In my opinion functionalism theory
of art is defined by purposes that makes the art valuable. Where arts that are
made has it specific purpose or function and those functions help maintain
stability.

2. What do you think makes an artwork less or more expensive?

 When we’re talking artwork it is broad especially we classified that arts is just
everywhere. If we are going to talk about the value of an artwork like a painting I
can say that a painting is expensive if it is a part of history and also if it is what
you called “antique”. Also, it could be expensive if the artist is well known. On the
other hand I might say that the artwork is less expensive if the artist is new in
making an artwork or paintings.

3. Abstract Expressionism
 Abstract expressionism is an artistic movement of the mid-20th century
comprising diverse styles and techniques and emphasizing especially an artist's
liberty to convey attitudes and emotions through nontraditional and usually
nonrepresentational means. It is also the term applied to new forms of abstract
art developed by American painters such as Jackson Pollock, Mark Rothko and
Willem de Kooning in the 1940s and 1950s. It is often characterized by gestural
brush-strokes or mark-making, and the impression of spontaneity.

4. Institutional Theory of Art: Is art only confined through the institution or convention of the
society
 For me art is not confined through the institution or invention of a society. Art is
evolving every day. There is no boundaries when it comes to art. e fact is that art
must be easily assimilated by the spectator; it must be capable of speaking their
language, of producing hope in them, of arousing admiration, of opening the box
of dreams. Art must be aimed at the man in the street, not at the learned or the
specialist.

ART APPRECIATION (CORRESPONDENCE)

Romilyn B. Gregorio
BSBA MM 3 – 3N

SHOW YOUR TALENT!

 Do / create an action painting. Use watercolor and an Oslo paper.

ART APPRECIATION (CORRESPONDENCE)

Romilyn B. Gregorio
BSBA MM 3 – 3N

ART HISTORY: WESTERN ART

ACTIVITIES/ASSESSMENTS

Art in Your Community

1. Identify a building or monument in your community that reflects Roman or Greek style.
You might check with a local museum or the chamber of commerce to find an
appropriate building or location to visit with your class. Activity Create sketches or a
digital photo display showing different views of the building or monument. Point out the
historical and cultural influences expressed in the structure you chose. How do you think
the aesthetic qualities contribute to the feeling created by this artwork?

Figure 1 Baclaran Church also known as the Shrine of Our Lady of Perpetual Help. This church has quite the number of visitors and has a seating
capacity of 3,000. In addition, it can accommodate a standing capacity of about 9,000.

The National Shrine of Our Mother of Perpetual Help in Baclaran, Paranaque,

Philippines is the biggest shrine in the world dedicated to Our Mother of Perpetual Help.
Every Wednesday throughout the year, up to 150,000 devotees flock to the shrine.
Although Wednesday is the climax of the week, the rest of the week also shows a
perpetual influx of people in the shrine day and night. Thus, the shrine is open 24/7. This
is the so-called Baclaran phenomenon.

Baclaran can be regarded on equal putting with famous international shrines and
pilgrim churches in the world like Lourdes in France, Fatima in Portugal, Assisi in Italy

ART APPRECIATION (CORRESPONDENCE)

Romilyn B. Gregorio
BSBA MM 3 – 3N

and Guadalupe in Mexico. Five to ten million devotees, visitors and tourists visit the
shrine throughout the year. While it may not enjoy the fame of other great Marian
shrines around the world, Baclaran stands second to none in the multitudes who express
affection to Our Mother of Perpetual Help.

There are many factors behind the Baclaran phenomenon. There is its history,
the architecture, the Redemptorist missionaries, the devotees, the lay volunteers,
mission partners and many others.

The Church's architecture is Modern Romanesque. The main architect was

Cesar Concio and his associate Jesse Bontoc. They had planned to build a higher
church with a bell tower. But because of its proximity to the airport, civil aeronautics
regulations prevented them from carrying out their plan.

The architecture of the shrine was designed to contribute to an ambiance of

prayer and devotion. Thus, it can be said that the shrine prays with the people. Discover
the meaning of each of the part of the architecture of the shrine.

http://www.baclaranchurch.org/about.html

ART APPRECIATION (CORRESPONDENCE)

Romilyn B. Gregorio
BSBA MM 3 – 3N

2. The landmarks in your area are not as old as the Parthenon but might need some
restoration work. • Choose one historic building and write about its history and its current
status. Does it need to be restored in any way? Are efforts underway to do so? What
would you do to save the building or landmark? • Plan a campaign to help save the
structure. Prepare a letter to your school or local newspaper to promote the restoration
efforts.

Figure 2 The Cathedral Parish of St Andrew

The Cathedral Parish of Saint Andrew, also known as Saint Andrew's Cathedral or
Saint Andrew's Parish, and commonly referred to as the Parañaque Cathedral, is one of the
oldest churches in the Philippines. It was established on May 11, 1580 by the Spanish Order
of Saint Augustine. Today, the church serves as the seat of the diocese of Parañaque,
which comprises the cities of Parañaque, Las Piñas and Muntinlupa.

This historical place of Parañaque is needed to be restore for the next couple of
years but the restoration must preserved the structure of the church. The renovation has
changed the Major altar placing the Crucifix on its center, adding two side altars (Altar of
Saints and Altar of Nuestra Señora del Buen Suceso), replaced the glass windows with
stained glass featuring some of the important events in the Life of our Lord Jesus, placed
new marble stone on the floor and replaced the roof and ceiling of the cathedral painting the
interior walls, replaced the doors, placed air conditioning units and has restored the image of
Nuestra Señora del Buen Suceso and St. Andrew the Apostle.

ART APPRECIATION (CORRESPONDENCE)

Romilyn B. Gregorio
BSBA MM 3 – 3N

3. Collect visual examples of the architecture of Greece and Rome. Study the examples
carefully and try to determine similarities and differences in the examples. Do the
buildings have the same uses? Are the construction methods alike? How were the
buildings named? Create a presentation of your findings.

ART APPRECIATION (CORRESPONDENCE)

Romilyn B. Gregorio
BSBA MM 3 – 3N

The ancient Greeks developed three architectural styles called the Doric, Ionic and
Corinthian orders. Each style has its own flare and can be most easily identified by its type of
column. The Doric order employs the earliest and simplest column, which has a capital (top)
and a shaft (the length of the column) but no base. The Ionic order called for a more decorative
design that included volutes (scroll-like decorations) on the capital, flutes (lines) carved into the
columns and a base that gave the appearance of rings stacked on top of each other. Taller
shafts and a special bulge in them called entasis gave the Ionic columns a leaner and more
graceful appearance than their Doric counterparts. The Corinthian order is the most decorative
and elaborate of the Greek styles. The Corinthian style is also the only one that employs a flat
roof. Limestone and marble were the materials most commonly used to construct the temples
and public buildings.

The architectural legacy of the ancient Greeks lived on in Roman architecture where all
three of the established orders continued to be employed. The Romans preferred the Corinthian
order and added their own flare to it by making it even more decorative and elaborate than the
Greeks had. While Roman architects followed the Greek orders, they also experimented with
concrete, arches and vaulting that propelled them into their own right as architectural engineers.
The Romans shaped the interior spaces of their buildings to make them equally as remarkable
as their exteriors. While the Greeks are known for their columns, the Romans are known for
their arches, which were used for both design and support in numerous buildings and
monuments. Romans used arches to build aqueduct systems, which allowed them to funnel
fresh water into their cities. Arches were also employed in the construction of the Colosseum
and were even built to celebrate war victories. In addition to helping supply the city with water,
Roman arches led to the development of domed ceilings that were used to build both public
buildings and private dwellings.

The most obvious similarity between Greek and Roman architecture is the use of the
Doric, Ionic and Corinthian orders. Though the Greeks developed the Corinthian order, the
Romans seemed to have favored it more and constructed more buildings using that order than
the Greeks did. Roman architecture borrowed heavily from the Greeks, but the Romans
eventually made a unique name for themselves in the architectural world with their innovative
use of arches and vaulted ceilings. Both Greek and Roman architecture continue to influence
modern architects.

ART APPRECIATION (CORRESPONDENCE)

Romilyn B. Gregorio
BSBA MM 3 – 3N

EASTERN ART
ASSESSMENT

Research/ Essay: [Font: Arial, Size: 1, Spacing: 1.0]

Examine a work of art in your home or community, identify its features that you appreciate and
identify its possible influence from the Eastern culture/tradition.

Figure 3 Binondo Manila

Binondo is the oldest Chinatown in the world. One of the many popular Manila attractions
in this area is the Binondo Church, Kuang Kong Temple, and Seng Guan Temple, which are
places of worship for the locals. You’ll never miss the huge Filipino-Chinese Friendship Arch
which symbolizes the close relationship between Filipinos and Chinese men and women. The
new Manila Chinatown arch located in Plaza Moraga at the foot of Jones Bridge in Binondo,
Manila. It is said to be the world’s largest Chinatown arch at 63.8 feet high and 74 feet wide (1.62
meters high and 1.88 meters wide if you prefer the metric system) and was installed as part of an
effort for tourism and the revitalization of Chinatown and the city in general, which has been the
cornerstone of the administration of former president turned city mayor Joseph Estrada. The
Chinese characters on the arch are rendered in Pinyin as “zhong guo zheng“, meaning literally
“China Town.” Take note, China Town and not Chinatown, so this part of Manila is being implied
in this inscription as an outpost of China. And we all know how cordial the relations are right now
between the Philippines and China.

ART APPRECIATION (CORRESPONDENCE)

Romilyn B. Gregorio
BSBA MM 3 – 3N

PHILIPPINE ART
ASSESSMENT
1. For both online and offline students, write an analysis of this painting by Papo de Asis
called The Rehabilitation of the Marcoses using the different planes of visual art. Further
examine how these visual planes link to the social and political meaning of the artwork.

“The Rehabilitation of the Marcoses” that was created by Papo de Asis was
created as a protest the dictatorship of the late President Ferdinand Marcos, the painting
depicted the true sentiments of the Filipino’s that time. Papo de Asis created the
masterpiece showing the shared agony and feelings of the people who denied justice and
freedom in his country. The painting showed how the Filipinos were unable to do anything
during the regime of the late Marcos and how they felt trapped inside a thick concrete, a
struggle for justice and freedom. The hardships they faced were a representation and
expression used in telling their pain and stories.

The painting shows that the man is trapped inside a broken wall. The sides of the
concrete made it obvious on how thick the broken wall is, showing that the man could
really fit inside. Applying the visual plane to two-dimensional art and design, the three-
fourth view and the front view was shown, by then we can conclude how thick the concrete
wall is where the man is. The position of the artwork or the subject in the painting is on a
contrapposto position where, the subject is in a relax state that show imbalance like the
right hand that is not pointing directly to the right and left hand that where pointing semi
downward to the left. The movement of the painting is like falling since the man on the
painting looks like leaning backwards. The artist uses three dimensional painting. It shows
shadow or dark portion where light doesn’t reaches.

ART APPRECIATION (CORRESPONDENCE)

Romilyn B. Gregorio
BSBA MM 3 – 3N

2. For offline students, answer the questions in the guide questions.

1. What defines the Philippine Contemporary Aesthetics?
 In the case of the Philippines, a discussion of indigenous aesthetics lays a
heavy emphasis on the qualities of these elements in the traditional arts
because the Philippines, unlike other Asian countries, does not have an
indigenous figurative style. Our contemporary aesthetics is came from the pre –
colonial Barganic societies that is based on kinship ties.
2. What is art according to Alice Guillermo?
 Art is understood and defined in the society, according to Alice Guillermo, based
on different aspects; as experience, as expression and as communication. And
as the society wants a form, such as graffiti, to be considered as art, one should
fit in to these different aspects.
3. What are the styles or qualities that is unique to the Philippine traditional art?
 The idea was that the depiction of scenes of everyday life and the surroundings
without idealizing them was closest in spirit to the Filipino soul and native soil.
(What saves the local magic realists from being completely derivative is their
sense of genre.
4. Why is establishing a homogeneous identity of Philippine art significant to its
development? What is the relevance of the subject matter, content and meaning in
establishing a national identity in art?
 It is significant being developed in light of the fact that it is the image of our
acknowledgment without us being extraordinary all alone regardless of the set of
experiences that we have we can't say what characteristics do we have all
together for us to be known as our very own resident. Public personality is
significance since, supposing that the others will peruse about how we see
ourselves they may be confounded in the event that we are exceptionally
impacted by Western, Japanese or then again Pre-frontier Filipino. Perceiving
our own Filipino incredible craftsmen will support the resolve of each trying
Filipino craftsman, we as of now have a wide scope of materials and idea
regarding exhibiting our specialty.
5. How can the different planes or levels of visual art emit its meaning?
 The elements are given order and meaningful structure when arranged
according to the principles of organization, which help integrate and organize
the elements. These principles include harmony, variety, balance, proportion,
dominance, movement, and economy. They help create spatial relationships
and effectively convey the artist's intent. The principles of organization are
flexible, not dogmatic, and can be combined and applied in numerous ways.
Some artist arrange intuitively, and others are more calculating, but with
experience, all of them develop an instinctive feeling for organizing their work.
So important are these concepts of elements and principles that they are
studied separately.
6. What are the challenges that the Philippine art is facing?
 In the struggle for Philippine Art, the art in our country is easily driven by the
trend or modern designs what's more, it makes us feel that our own custom with
regards to craftsmanship is substandard when we look at it. Individuals these
days are having a terrible impression particularly in the event that it isn't the
pattern, they can be effectively exhausted with our own specialty. Additionally
with the utilization of online media numerous individuals are take part in
unfamiliar craftsmanship than with our own assortment of expressions this
additionally because of the absence of help that they got from our own kin.

ART APPRECIATION (CORRESPONDENCE)

Romilyn B. Gregorio
BSBA MM 3 – 3N

ISSUES AND DISCOURSE – AUTHORSHIP

ASSESSMENT/SUGGESTED STUDY GUIDE

Since the discussion above mostly revolve around visual art, for your assignment, respond to
one of the following questions:
 Looking at the issues of authorship in visual art, how do you think the issue plays out in
the other disciplines?
o For music – In general, the individual who writes or records an original song
owns the copyright in the musical work or sound recording. So if only one person
is involved in the writing and recording process, then that person owns the
resulting copyrights
o For dance – In my opinion, both the dancer and the choreographer have the
authorship because most of the times, dancers and choreographers have are
helping each other in performing and for dancing.
o For performance – – I think it depends on the difficulty of the performance and
how much time the performer gives rate in his/her every event.

 Considering the not-so contemporary condition of commissioning art work (paying an

artist to do an art at one’s direction), how do you think the issue of authorship plays out?
Who is the author of the commissioned work: the artist or the one who commissioned it?

The author for the commissioned art work was the artist because the
artist is the one who made that masterpiece and not the one who just buy the art
work. It is clear that although commissioners of artworks may have property
rights over commissioned artworks the law does not grant them full-
unencumbered rights over these objects. This is with good reason: artworks are
special types of cultural objects and owners of artworks have responsibilities to
the artists whose work they commission, as well as to society at large,
particularly when an artwork is of outstanding aesthetic and historical
significance. Generally, owners of artworks are respectful of the intentions of
artists. However, in those situations where the reasonable intentions of artists are
not respected, it is right that artists should be able to rely upon the law. To what
extent artists will be able to do this will depend upon the type of agreement
between artist and commissioner and the law of the place the commissioned
artwork belongs in.

ART APPRECIATION (CORRESPONDENCE)