Statistics and

Probability
Quarter 3 – Module 6:
Illustrating Mean and Variance
of a Discrete Random Variable
Statistics and Probability – Grade 11
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 3 – Module 6: Illustrating Mean and Variance of a Discrete Random Variable
First Edition, 2020

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 Statistics and Probability
Quarter 3 – Module 6:
Illustrating Mean and Variance
of a Discrete Random Variable
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Statistics and Probability for Senior High School Alternative
Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Illustrating the Mean and Variance of a
Discrete Random Variable!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed, and reviewed by

educators both from public and private institutions to assist you, the
teacher or facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K
to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social, and economic
constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners in guided and

independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore,
this also aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while
taking into consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies
that will help you in guiding the
learners.

As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing
them to manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to
encourage and assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the
module.

ii
For the learner:

Welcome to the Statistics and Probability Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM)

Module on Illustrating The Mean And Variance Of A Discrete Random
Variable.

The hand is one of the most symbolized parts of the human body. It is often
used to depict skill, action, and purpose. Through our hands, we may learn,
create, and accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies
that you as a learner is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the
relevant competencies and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic
success lies in your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and
time. You will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource
while being an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to This will give you an idea of the skills or

Know competencies you are expected to learn
in the module.
This part includes an activity that aims
What I Know to check what you already know about
the lesson to take. If you get all the
answers correct (100%), you may decide
to skip this module.
This is a brief drill or review to help you
What’s In link the current lesson with the previous
one.
In this portion, the new lesson will be
What’s New introduced to you in various ways such
as a story, a song, a poem, a problem
opener, an activity or a situation.
This section provides a brief discussion
What is It of the lesson. This aims to help you
discover and understand new concepts
and skills.
This comprises activities for independent
What’s More practice to solidify your understanding
and skills of the topic. You may check
the answers to the exercises using the
Answer Key at the end of the module.

iii
 What I Have This includes questions or blank
Learned sentences/paragraphs to be filled in to
process what you learned from the
lesson.
This section provides an activity that will
What I Can Do help you transfer your new knowledge or
skill into real-life situations or concerns.
This is a task which aims to evaluate
Assessment your level of mastery in achieving the
learning competency.
Additional In this portion, another activity will be
Activities given to you to enrich your knowledge or
skill of the lesson learned. This also
tends to the retention of learned
concepts.
Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in
the module.
At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in

developing this module.
The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any
part of the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the
exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other
activities included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your
answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through
with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do
not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind
that you are not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful

learning and gain a deep understanding of the relevant competencies.
You can do it!

iv
 What I Need to Know

This module was created and written with you in mind on how to
illustrate the mean and variance of a discrete random variable. This will also
help you analyze real-life situated problems statistically in terms of relevant
questions for you to better understand them. Your adept at analysis will
help you appreciate the richness, and beauty of Statistics which will
motivate you to apply to similar events and create statistical measures of
your own. From this module, you will also learn how to use the given
illustration to determine the mean, variance, and standard deviation of the
discrete random variables.

Your patience in analyzing figures and illustrations offered here in the

module will help you upgrade your good pattern recognition skills as it
tackles appropriate culture-based situated problems. Your ability to analyze,
reason–out, and make a judgment or even decision out of statistical
measures will also be practiced here. The extent of this module permits it to
be used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes
the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow
the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them
can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.
The module focused on illustrating the mean and variance of a
discrete random variable.
After going through this module, you are expected to:
1. learn the important concepts of mean and variance of a discrete
random variable; and
2. illustrate the mean and variance of a discrete random variable.

1
 What I Know

Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate
sheet of paper.

1. Which of the following terms is considered as a measure of the `central

location' of a random variable?
A. Probability Value
B. Mean Value
C. Numerical Value
D. Variance

2. Which of the following notations is equivalent to the mean of the

probability distribution?
A. σ
B. ∞
C. μ
D. None of the Above

3. Which of the following notations is equivalent to the expected value of the

probability distribution?
A. E( X)
B. ε
C. σ
D. P( x )

4. Which of the following statements is TRUE about the standard deviation

of a discrete random variable?
A. It shows the spread out or dispersion of discrete random variables.
B. It is obtained by multiplying the x values and their corresponding
probability.
C. It deals with the average or center of location of the probability
distribution.
D. It is the summation of the product of the square of the difference of x
and its probability.

2
5. Use the illustration below. What is the mean of the distribution?
A. 4
B. 6
C. 7
D. 8

6. Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A. The values further away from μ x have a small probability.
B. The values further away from μ x have a large probability.
C. The values closer from μ x don’t have equal probability.
D. The values closer from μ x have equal probability.

7. Which term can be displayed the variability or the dispersions of the

random variables.
A. Probability Value
B. Expected Value
C. Mean Value
D. Variance
8. What formula is used to find the variance of a discrete random variable?
A. σ_x^2=∑▒〖x∙p(x)〗; for all possible values of x
B. σ 2x =∑ (x+ μ)2 ∙ p( x ); for all possible values of x
C. σ 2x =∑ (x−μ)2 ∙ p (x); for all possible values of x
D. σ 2x =∑ ( P( x)+ μ)2 ∙ x ; for all possible values of x

9. Which formula is appropriate to use in finding the mean of a discrete

random variable?
A. E ( x )=μ x =∑ x ∙ p(x)
B. E ( x )=μ x =∑ x+ p ( x)
C. E ( x )=μ x =∑ x− p( x )
D.E ( x )=μ x =∑ x ∙ p(x)2

3
For items 10 -11, refer to the diagram below.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

10. What is the value of μ x ?

A. 4
B. 5
C. 6
D. 7

11 How dispersed are the scores from the mean?

A. 4
B. 5
C. 6
D. 7

3 For items 12 -13, refer to the

diagram below.
2

0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

12. What is the value of μ x ?

A. 5
B. 7
C. 9
D. 11

4
13. How dispersed are the scores from the mean?
A. 4
B. 6
C. 7
D. 8

For items 14 -15, refer to the diagram below.

14. What is the value of μ x ?

A. 24
B. 36
C. 48
D. 60

15. How dispersed are the elements from the mean?

A. 12
B. 24
C. 36
D. 48

5
Lesson Illustrating Mean and Variance
1 of Discrete Random Variable
As claimed by some research, every individual spent an average time
of ten hours on their mobile phone. What does it mean? What is the average
value that he or she spent in using a mobile phone? Does it imply that
everyday every person spends ten hours of his day dealing with a gadget? Or
does it imply that an individual goes through ten hours every day on a cell
phone? How is the time spent by different persons vary from one another?
These questions lead to another idea in probability and statistics. This is the
mean and the variance of the discrete random variable.

This module is all about illustrating and determining the average of a

discrete random variable. Likewise, obtaining how the element is being
spread away from the mean. The term average is the mean or the expected
value or the expectation in probability and statistics. Once we have
calculated the probability distribution for a random variable, we can
illustrate its expected value. The mean of a random variable shows the
location or the central tendency of the random variable.

What’s In

Let’s have this first for a review.

Suppose you tossed a fair coin twice. Let X be the number of heads that are
observed.
a. Construct the probability distribution of X.
b. Find the probability that at least one head is observed.

6
 Notes to the Teacher
To be able to arrive in an accurate and similar answer upon
constructing correct table and identifying the correct probability
of each value of x, the teacher must advise the learners about:
1. possible outcomes of the experiment; and
2. probabilities of each outcome.

Solution:
a. The possible values that X can take are 0, 1, and 2. Each of these
numbers corresponds to an event in the sample space S = {HH, HT, TH,
TT} of equally likely outcomes for this experiment: 
For X = 0 the corresponding sample space will be {TT};
For X = 1 the corresponding sample space will be {HT, TH} and
For X = 2 to {HH}.
The probability of each of these events, hence of the corresponding
value of X, can be found simply by counting, as it shows in the table of
probability distribution below:

X 0 1 2

P(X) 0.25 0.5 0.25

b. At least one head is the event X ≥ 1, which is the union of the mutually
exclusive events X = 1 and X = 2. Thus
P(X≥1) = P(1) + P(2) = 0.50 + 0.25 = 0.75
Therefore, the probability that at least one head is 0.75

What’s New

7
 Let’s Roll a Die!
Read and analyze the situation given below:
During Town Fiesta, people used to go to Carnival that most folks call
it “Perya”. Mang Ben used to play “Beto–beto” hoping that he would win.
While he is thinking about what possible outcomes in every roll would
be, he is always hoping that his bet is right.
Let us help Mang Ben to know the probabilities of each outcome by
filling the table below.

X 1 2 3 4 5 6
P(X) 1/6 1/6 1/6 1/6 1/6 1/6

Based on the data above, observe, analyze, and answer the following
questions:
1. Is the probability of x lies between 0 and 1?

________________________________________________________________________

2. What is the sum of all probabilities of X?

________________________________________________________________________

3. Is there a negative probability? Is it possible to have a negative

probability?

________________________________________________________________________

4. How will you illustrate the average or mean of the probabilities of discrete
random variable?
________________________________________________________________________

5. Can you show a process where you can illustrate the variance and the
standard deviation of the probability?

________________________________________________________________________

Answer:
1. Yes, the probability of X lies between 0 and 1.
2. The sum of all probabilities of X is exactly 1.

8
3. No negative probabilities because it is impossible to have it based on the
characteristic of the probability of discrete random variables.
4. The mean is 3.5
5.

If you are wondering how we came up with the answer for questions 4
and 5, you will understand everything as we go on in our discussion.

What is It

9
 If you roll a fair die several times, what will be the average outcome?
Imagine rolling it 6000 times. You would expect to roll about 1000 ones,
1000 twos, and so on: about 1000 occurrences of each possible outcome.
What would be the average value of the outcomes obtained? Approximately,
the mean or expected value would be;

( 1000∗1 ) + ( 1000∗2 )+ …+(1000∗6) 21000

= =3.5
6000 6000

It only implies that the weighted average of the six possible outcomes
1, 2,…, 6 with weights provided by the relative frequencies. Remember that
3.5 isn’t a value that we can observe if we will do the experiment.

By similarity with information and relative frequencies, we can

characterize the mean of a discrete random variable by utilizing probabilities
from its dispersion, as follows.
1. The mean is considered as a measure of the `central location' of a
random variable. It is the weighted average of the values that random
variable X can take, with weights provided by the probability distribution.

2. The Expected Value or Mean Value of a discrete random variable x is

can be computed by first multiplying each possible x value by the
probability of observing that value and then adding the resulting
quantities. Symbolically,
E ( X ) =μ x = X 1∗P ( X 1 ) + X 2∗P ( X 2 ) + …+ X n∗P ( X n )=∑ X∗P( X )

Example1: Suppose a random variable X that has the discrete uniform

distribution with possible values 1, 2,…, n. The mean or expected value is
presented by
1
n n ∗n ( n+ 1 )
1 1 n n+1
()
E ( X ) =μ x =∑ x∗ = ∑ x =
x=1 n n x=1 2
=
2

Since the possible values are 1, 2,…, n when rolling a die a fair of die
6+1 7
the mean is = =3.5. This 3.5 is the expectation only. That’s the reason
2 2
why in question 4, we come up to 3.5 as its mean value.

So, doing the experiment which is rolling a single die several times
and getting average or mean of the total possible outcomes, we, therefore,
conclude that the average tends to be close to 3.5. This also implies that the
more rolls we do, the closer the average will be to 3.5.

10
Example 2.

0.16...
0.16...
0.16...
0.16...
0.16...
0.16...
0.16...
0.16... P(X)
X
1 2 3 4 5 6
From the figure above, it shows the probability distribution for the
possible outcome in rolling a fair die. Notice that they have equal
probabilities or chances to occur. This distribution is symmetric and the
mean is 3.5 which found in the middle of the distribution, it is in the axis of
symmetry.
We have noticed that the mean of a random variable X is a measure of
the central location of the distribution of X. If we are summarizing highlights
of the distribution of X, it is evident that location is not the only significant
aspect
If the example above complicated you, a simpler one is provided for
you.
Example 3. Suppose you want to find the average number of apples sold in
any five grocery stores as indicated by the figure below.

Analyzing the illustration above, then the mean or expected value is

11. If you are wondering why this happens you may also follow with these
processes:

1. Separate 8 elements on the left side of the mean then get the average of
those a (3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10) which is equal to 6.5
2. Do the same on the right side of mean (12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, and
19) which is equal to 15.5.

11
3. Get the average value of the numbers 6.5, 11, and 15.5. It will be equal
to 11 also.
As a whole, we can generate a physical representation and
interpretation of the discrete random variable X with its probability P(X).
Assume that the x-axis is an unbounded see-saw in both directions, and we
put weights corresponds to probability P(X) at each associated value(x) of
random variable X. Therefore, the mean ( μ x ¿ is the point where the see-saw
balance. In other words, it is the center of weights of the observation.
In the off chance, that value of X close to its mean μ x are likely and
values further away from μ x have small probability, at that point, the
distribution of X will be firmly concentrated around μ x. For this situation,
the spread of the distribution of X is little. On the contrary, if the expected
value of X some distance from its mean μ x are likely, the spread of the
distribution of X will be sizeable.
These concepts lead the way to the most important measure of spread,
the variance, and a closely related measure of variability, the standard
deviation.
You probably have met the concepts of variance and standard
deviation when summarizing data in your Junior High School Mathematics.
These were the sample variance and the sample standard deviation. The
difference here is that we are referring to properties of the distribution of a
discrete random variable.
The variance of a random variable displays the variability or the
dispersions of the random variables. It shows the distance of a random
variable from its mean.
The Variance of a Discrete Random Variable X, denoted by σ 2x is
computed by first subtracting the mean from each possible x value to obtain
the deviations, then squaring each deviation and multiplying the result by
the probability of the corresponding x value, and then finally adding these
quantities.

Definition: If X is a random variable with mean E( X)=µ x , then the variance

of X is defined by,

Var ( X )=σ 2x = ∑ ( x−μ x )2 ∙ P( x )

all possible
values of x

Remember that if the value of the variance is small, then the values of the
random variable are close to the mean.
The Standard Deviation of x, denoted by σ x , is the square root of the
Variance. In symbol,

12
 σ x =√ Var ( X ) or σ x =√ σ x 2

Example 4. Let us consider the same histogram above. Illustrate the

variance and standard deviation.
To be able to determine the element spread away from the mean, we
can do this by adding this procedure in the illustration given.

0.1669500 3 3
0.1669000

0.1668500 7
4 10
0.1668000

0.1667500

0.1667000

0.1666500

0.1666000
X
1 2 3 4 5 6

Since we are comparing two elements this time (1 and 3 on the left
side of the mean and 4 and 6 in the right., the μ x 3.5 will be doubled which
became 7. Adding 1 and 3 elements gives us 4, similarly on the right side
adding 4 and 6 gives us 10. Get the average value of 4 and 10 which
resulted in 7 which is our new μ x. Subtract 7 by 4 which is 3, likewise
subtract 10 by 7 which resulted in 3. This implies that the distance of the
element from the mean in either direction is 3 which describes the spread of
the elements in the observation.
And this is how we come up with the answer in question under What’s
More.

Example 5.
Consider this
2 figure.

13
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
 a. Illustrate the mean.
b. Compare the variance and standard deviation.
Solution:
a. Since the data is symmetric along the x-axis, so the mean μ x is
equal to 6. (You may verify the μ x value using the 3 steps provided
in the previous example)
b. To illustrate the variance and standard deviation without having
computation, study the diagram below.
5 5

7 12 17
3

2 2 5
10
7

0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Figure A. μx

Since we are comparing two elements this time (2 and 5 on the left side of
the mean and 7 and 10 in the right, the μ x is doubled which became 12. Adding
2 and 5 elements gives us 7, similarly on the right side adding 7 and 10 gives
us 17. Get the average value of 7 and 17 which resulted in 12 which is our new
μ x. Subtract 12 by 7 which is 5, likewise subtract 17 by 12 which also resulted
in 5. This implies that the distance of the element from the mean in either
direction is 5 which describes the spread of the elements in the observation.
Example 6. Compare the variance and standard deviation of this distribution.
4 4

14
 16
8 12
4

3 9
3

5 7
2

0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Figure B μ x

Following the same procedure just like in example 4, for figure A, the
μ x is 6. Now let’s compare 3 and 5 on the left side of the mean and 7 and 9
in the right. Adding 3 and 5 which is 8 and on the right side add 7 and 9
which results in 16. The average of 8 and 16 is 12 which happens to be our
new mean. Subtract 8 from 12 which is 4, similarly subtract 12 from 1
wherein the result is also 4. This shows that the distance of the element
from the mean in either direction is 4 which expresses the spread of the
elements in the observation.
Example 7. Analyze and observe the figure below
6 6

6 12 18

2 4 8 10

3
2
1
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0

Figure C μ x

15
 Again, since we are comparing two elements this time (2 and 4 on the
left side of the mean and 8 and 10 in the right, the μ x is doubled which
became 12. Adding 2 and 4 elements give us 6, similarly, on the right side
adding 8 and 10 gives us 17. Get the average of 6 and 18 which also results
in 12 which is our new μ x. Subtract 12 by 6 which is 6, likewise subtract 18
by 12 which also results in 6. This suggests that the distance of the element
from the mean in either direction is 6 which describes the spread of the
elements in the observation.
This time let us compare the variance and standard deviation of the
three given illustrations. Because Figure A has a spread value of 5, Figure B
has 4 and Figure C has spread value of 6 in either direction then we can
have this comparison;
σ B <σ A <σ C

Which illustrations show less spread out? Then we can easily answer
it by simply observing the figure we generated. Figure B is less dispersion
since it spread by 4 in either direction. Moreover, which illustrations shows
the farthest spread out? Looking back to the three illustrations we have,
then the farthest spread out is Figure C since the element dispersed 6 away
from the mean.
In general, unlike the mean, there is no simple direct interpretation of
the variance or standard deviation. The variance is undifferentiated to the
moment of inertia in physics, but that is not necessarily widely understood
by students. What is important to understand is that, in relative terms:

 a small value of standard deviation (or variance) means that the

dispersion of the random variable is narrowly concentrated around
the mean.
 a large value of standard deviation (or variance) means that the
distribution is spread out, with some possibility of observing values at
some distance from the mean.

16
 What’s More

Independent Activity: Study and analyze.

1. Figure above shows the number of polo shirt sold by 5 different RTW
boutiques.
a. Illustrate the mean. (2 points)
b. Illustrate the variance and standard deviation. (5 points)

2. From the figure below,

a. Illustrate the mean or expected value. (2 points)
b. Illustrate the variance and standard deviation. (5 points)

0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

17
2. Compare the variance and standard deviation of the two figures provided.

Figure A

0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
3

0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

Figure B

18
 What I Have Learned

1. The mean a measure of the `central location' of a random variable. It

is the weighted average of the values that random variable X can take,
with weights provided by the probability distribution.
2. The Expected Value or Mean Value of a discrete random variable x is
can be computed by first multiplying each possible x value by the
probability of observing that value and then adding the resulting
quantities. In symbol,
E ( X ) =μ x = X 1∗P ( X 1 ) + X 2∗P ( X 2 ) + …+ X n∗P ( X n )=∑ X∗P( X )
3. The Variance of a Discrete Random Variable X, denoted by σ_x^2 is
computed by first subtracting the mean from each possible x value to
obtain the deviations, then squaring each deviation and multiplying
the result by the probability of the corresponding x value, and then
finally adding these quantities.
4. The formula in determining the variance of a discrete random variable
is,
Var ( X )=σ 2x = ∑ ( x−μ x )2 ∙ P( x )
all possible
values of x

5. Mean, variance, and standard deviation can be illustrated by looking

pattern and analyzing given illustrations and diagrams.
6. A small value of standard deviation (or variance) means that the
dispersion of the random variable is narrowly concentrated around
the mean.
7. A large value of standard deviation (or variance) means that the
distribution is spread out, with some possibility of observing values at
some distance from the mean.

19
 What I Can Do

Family Budget
Things to do:

1. Create a Table of Expenses of your family in a week. (Ask help from

your Mother)
2. List the number of expenses for each day.
3. Create a graphical representation of your data gathered.
4. Base on the graphical representation you made, illustrate for the
following:
a. mean or expected value; and
b. variance and standard deviation.

5. Share your output to the Class Group Chat through Image or Video
Presentation.

TASK CRITERIA
Accuracy of the Data Gathered 50%
Clarity and content of the visual 25%
representation
Originality and creativity of the 25%
Presentation
TOTAL 100%

20
 Assessment

Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter
on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Which of the following use the formula of ( x )=∑ x ∙ p( x ) ?

A. Probability Distribution
B. Variance of Discrete Probability Distribution
C. Standard Deviation of Discrete Probability Distribution
D. Mean or Expected Value of Discrete Probability Distribution
2. Among the notations below, which is equivalent to E ( x ) ?
A. σ 2x
B.σ x
C. μ z
D. P( X )
3. Which of the following statements best describe the expected value of a
discrete random variable?
A. It is the simple average of all possible outcomes.
B. It is the geometric average of all possible outcomes.
C. It is the weighted average over all possible outcomes.
D. It is the complex average of all possible outcomes in the distribution.
4. To which of the following concepts refer this statement “the sum of the
product of each value of a discrete random variable and its corresponding
probability”?
A. Probability Distribution
B. Variance of Discrete Probability Distribution
C. Standard Deviation of Discrete Probability Distribution
D. Mean or Expected Value of Discrete Probability Distribution
5. Use the illustration below. What is the mean of the distribution?

A. 20
B. 30

21
 C. 40
D. 50

6. Which of the following statement is TRUE?

A. A small value of standard deviation (or variance) indicates that the
distribution of the random variable is concentrated narrowly around
the mean
B. A negative value of standard deviation (or variance) indicates that the
distribution of the random variable is concentrated narrowly around
the mean.
C. The values closer from μ x have equal probability.
D. The values closer from μ x have equal probability.

7. Which term is calculated by summing the product of the square of the

difference between the value of the random variable and the expected
value, and the associated probability of the value of the random variable,
taken over all of the values of the random variable, and finally taking the
square root?

A. Probability Distribution
B. Variance of Discrete Probability Distribution
C. Standard Deviation of Discrete Probability Distribution
D. Mean or Expected Value of Discrete Probability Distribution

8. What another notation can be used for a variance?

A. E(X)
B. P(X)
C. P( X )
D. Var(X)

9. If the variance of a probability distribution is 2.6 grams, then what

proper way to do to get the standard deviation?
A. √ 2.6
B. ( 2.6 )2
C.1.61+2.6
D. 1.61 – 2.6

22
For items 10 -11, refer to the diagram below.
4

0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

10. What is the value of μ x ?

A. 4
B. 5
C. 6
D. 7

11. How dispersed are the scores from the mean?

A. 5
B. 6
C. 7
D. 8

For items 12 -13, refer to the diagram below.

12. What is the value of μ x ?

A. 6
B. 9
C. 12
D. 15

13. How dispersed are the elements from the mean?

A. 9
B. 12

23
 C. 15
D. 18

For items 14 -15, refer to the diagram below.

3

0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

14. What is the value of μ x ?

A. 5
B. 7
C. 9
D. 11
15. How dispersed are the scores from the mean?
A.5
B. 7
C. 9
D. 11

24
 Additional Activities

Study and analyze the figures below.

3 3

2 2

1 1

0 0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Figure A Figure B

0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Figure C
A. Compare the means of the three figures.
B. Show the relationship between the variance and standard deviation
among three given figures.

25
 Answer Key

What I Know
1. B
2. C
3. A
4. C
5. B
6. A
7. D
8. A
9. B
10.C
11.B
12.C
13.D
14.B
15. C

26
Additional Activities

1. Since μ A =6 ; μ B=10 and μC =4

Therefore μC < μ A < μ B

2. σ a< σ B ∧σ a< σ C
Because σ B = σC

Figure A

Figure B

Figure C

27
References
Textbooks:

Gordon, Ian. Probability and statistics: Discrete Probability Distributions – A

guide forTeachers (Years 11–12). Education Services Australia, 2013.
Moore, David S. and McCabe, George P. Introduction to the Practice of
Statistics - Second Edition. W.H. Freeman and Company, 1993.
Malate, Jose S. Statistics and Probability. Vicarish Publication and
Trading.Inc., 2018.
Alferez, Merle S. and Duro, Ma. Cecilia A. MSA Statistics and Probability.
MSA Publishing House, 2012

Websites:
https://www.mathsisfun.com/data/random-variables-mean-variance.html
https://www.cabarrus.k12.nc.us/cms/lib/NC01910456/Centricity/Domain
/4633/Random%20Variables%20Worksheet%202.pdf
https://www.coconino.edu/resources/files/pdfs/academics/sabbatical-
reports/kate-kozak/chapter_5.pdf

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NH6oiaV4iWA Comparing standard

deviations without calculation.mp4

28
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