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    Terminología de Un Open Pit

    Uploaded by

    Amilcar Jairo Quiliche Araujo
    This document defines key terminology used in open pit mining, including bench, bench height, bench slope, berm, overall pit slope angle, haul roads, angle of repose, and stripping ratio. It also discusses how haul roads can impact pit limits and provides examples of a single working bench, shovel in working bench, two working benches, final pit limits, and section views of a pit sequence from a mine case study.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Terminología de Un Open Pit

    Uploaded by

    Amilcar Jairo Quiliche Araujo
    61 views25 pages
    This document defines key terminology used in open pit mining, including bench, bench height, bench slope, berm, overall pit slope angle, haul roads, angle of repose, and stripping ratio. It also discusses how haul roads can impact pit limits and provides examples of a single working bench, shovel in working bench, two working benches, final pit limits, and section views of a pit sequence from a mine case study.

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    3. Terminología de Un Open Pit

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    This document defines key terminology used in open pit mining, including bench, bench height, bench slope, berm, overall pit slope angle, haul roads, angle of repose, and stripping ratio. It also discusses how haul roads can impact pit limits and provides examples of a single working bench, shovel in working bench, two working benches, final pit limits, and section views of a pit sequence from a mine case study.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    61 views25 pages

    Terminología de Un Open Pit

    Uploaded by

    Amilcar Jairo Quiliche Araujo
    This document defines key terminology used in open pit mining, including bench, bench height, bench slope, berm, overall pit slope angle, haul roads, angle of repose, and stripping ratio. It also discusses how haul roads can impact pit limits and provides examples of a single working bench, shovel in working bench, two working benches, final pit limits, and section views of a pit sequence from a mine case study.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 25

    Open Pit Mining Fundamentals

    Dr. Kadri Dagdelen


    Surface Mine Design

    Colorado School of Mines


    Terminology

    • BENCH: Ledge that forms a single level of


    operation above which mineral or waste materials
    are mined from the bench face.
    Surface Mine Design

    2
    Terminology (Cont.)
    • BENCH HEIGHT: Vertical distance between the
    highest point on the bench (crest) and the lowest
    point or the bench (toe). It is influenced by size of
    the equipment, mining selectivity, government
    Surface Mine Design

    regulations and safety.

    3
    Terminology (Cont.)

    • BENCH SLOPE OR BANK ANGLE : Horizontal


    angle of the line connecting bench toe to the bench
    crest.
    Surface Mine Design

    4
    Terminology (Cont.)
    • BERM: Horizontal shelf or ledge within the
    ultimate pit wall slope left to enhance the stability
    of the a slope within the pit and improve the safety.
    Berm interval, berm width and berm slope angle are
    Surface Mine Design

    determined by the geotechnical investigation.

    5
    Terminology (Cont.)

    • OVERALL PIT SLOPE ANGLE: The angle measured from


    the bottom bench toe to the top bench crest. It is the angle at
    which the wall of an open pit stands and it is determined by:
    rock strength, geologic structures and water conditions.
    Surface Mine Design

    6
    Terminology (Cont.)

    • The overall pit slope angle is affected by the width


    and grade of the haul road.
    Surface Mine Design

    7
    Terminology (Cont.)
    • HAUL ROADS: During the life of the pit a haul
    road must be maintained for access.
    • HAUL ROAD - SPIRAL SYSTEM: Haul road is
    arranged spirally along the perimeter walls of the
    Surface Mine Design

    pit.

    8
    Terminology (Cont.)
    • HAUL ROAD – SWITCH BACK SYSTEM:
    Zigzag pattern on one side of the pit.
    • HAUL ROAD WIDTH: Function of capacity of the
    road and the size of the equipment. Haul road width
    Surface Mine Design

    must be considered in the overall pit design.

    9
    Haul Road Effect on Pit Limits
    Surface Mine Design

    10
    Terminology (Cont.)
    • ANGLE OF REPOSE: Maximum slope of the
    broken material.

    • SUBCROP OR ORE DEPTH: Depth of waste


    Surface Mine Design

    removed to reach initial ore.

    • PRE-PRODUCTION STRIPPING: Stripping done


    to reach initial ore.

    11
    Terminology (Cont.)
    • ULTIMATE PIT LIMITS: Vertical and lateral
    extend of the economically mineable pit boundary.
    Determined on the basis of cost of removing
    overburden or waste material vs. the mineable value
    Surface Mine Design

    of the ore.

    • PIT SCHEDULING: Material may be mined from


    the pit either in 1) sequential pushbacks 2)
    conventional pushbacks.

    12
    Terminology (Cont.)
    • STRIPPING RATIO: Expressed in tons of waste to tons of
    ore in hard rock open pit operations. Critical and important
    parameter in pit design and scheduling

    • AVERAGE STRIP RATIO: Total waste divided by total ore


    Surface Mine Design

    within the ultimate pit.

    • CUTOFF STRIPPING RATIO: Costs of mining a ton of ore


    and associated waste equals to net revenue from the ton of
    ore.

    13
    Single Working Bench
    Surface Mine Design

    14
    Shovel in Working Bench
    Surface Mine Design

    15
    Two Working Benches
    Surface Mine Design

    16
    Surface Mine Design

    Final Pit Limit

    17
    Cresson Mine – Year 2001
    Surface Mine Design

    18
    Cresson Mine – Year 2007
    Surface Mine Design

    19
    Cresson Mine – Year 2011
    Surface Mine Design

    20
    Surface Mine Design

    Pit Sequence (1)

    21
    Surface Mine Design

    Pit Sequence (2)

    22
    Surface Mine Design

    Pit Sequence (3)

    23
    Surface Mine Design

    Pit Sequence (4)

    24
    Section of Pit Sequence
    Surface Mine Design

    25

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