1|Page

COURSE Ge. Elec. 2- Technopreneurship

DEVELOPER Aldrex Gonzales Laxamana
AND Master in Business Administration (2014-present) Tarlac
THEIR State University
BACKGROUND Bachelor of Science in Business Administration- Major in
Management- New Era University
[email protected] [email protected]
COURSE This course aims to enable the students to recognize and
DESCRIPTION assess technology- based entrepreneurship in their related
organization and to evaluate entrepreneurial processes in the
technological age.
Topics include Review on Entrepreneurship; Introduction to
Technopreneurship; Creativity and Innovation and New
Technological Products Development; Intellectial Property;
Digital Marketing and Ecommerce; Web 4.0 and
Cryptocurrency; Corporate Social Responsibility; and
Cashless Transactions
COURSE I. Review on Entrepreneurship and Basic Concepts of
OUTLINE Technopreneurship
II. Creativity and Innovation and NTPD
III. Intellectual Property
IV. Digital Marketing and E-commerce
V. Web 4.0 and Cryptocurrency
VI. Cashless Transactions and Corporate Social
Responsibility
CHAPTER II
TITLE Creativity and Innovation and New Technological
Products Development
RATIONALE This chapter covers the following topics:
• Creativity processes and techniques
• Innovation
• Creativity strategies
• Technological Products
• New Technological Product Development (NTPD)
INSTRUCTION This module should be completed within 3 weeks. Lectures
TO THE USERS are provided in this module. Activities should be answered
after reading and understanding each topic.
LEARNING After going through this module, you are expected to:
OBJECTIVES 1. Develop a business idea on which modern creativity
is being highlighted
2. Demonstrate creativity and proper application of
techniques in different processes of
technopreneurship
2|Page
3. Demonstrate knowledge on innovation and
innovative enterprises
4. Demonstrate answers/ results on personal
entrepreneurial competencies test
5. Demonstrate information of the processes of new
product development

6. Demonstrate knowledge and appreciation to market

as the heart of business
7. Demonstrate collective information on proper market
scanning
8. Demonstrate knowledge and application of SWOC
analysis

3|Page
CONTENT What is Creativity?
PREPARATORY
ACTIVITIES

Creativity is the act of turning new and imaginative ideas into

reality. Creativity is characterised by the ability to perceive the
world in new ways, to find hidden patterns, to make
connections between seemingly unrelated phenomena, and to
generate solutions. Creativity involves two processes:
thinking, then producing.

―Creativity is a combinatorial force: it‘s our ability to tap into

our ‗inner‘ pool of resources – knowledge, insight,
information, inspiration and all the fragments populating our
minds – that we‘ve accumulated over the years just by being
present and alive and awake to the world and to combine
them in extraordinary new ways.‖
— Maria Popova, Brainpickings

―Creativity is the process of bringing something new into

being. Creativity requires passion and commitment. It brings
to our awareness what was previously hidden and points to
new life. The experience is one of heightened consciousness:
ecstasy.‖
– Rollo May, The Courage to Create

Creativity and Business:

―A product is creative when it is (a) novel and (b)
appropriate. A novel product is original not predictable. The
bigger the concept, and the more the product stimulates
further work and ideas, the more the product is creative.‖
—Sternberg & Lubart, Defying the Crowd

4|Page
Can creativity be learned?
The short answer is yes. A study by George Land reveals that
we are naturally creative and as we grow up we learn to be
uncreative. Creativity is a skill that can be developed and a
process that can be managed.

Creativity begins with a foundation of knowledge, learning a

discipline, and mastering a way of thinking. You can learn to
be creative by experimenting, exploring, questioning
assumptions, using imagination and synthesing information.
Learning to be creative is akin to learning a sport. It requires
practice to develop the right muscles and a supportive
environment in which to flourish.

Studies by Clayton M. Christensen and his researchers

uncovered The Innovators DNA: Your ability to generate
innovative ideas is not merely a function of the mind, but also
a function of five key behaviours that optimize your brain for
discovery:

• Associating: drawing connections between questions,

problems, or ideas from unrelated fields
• Questioning: posing queries that challenge common
wisdom
• Observing: scrutinizing the behavior of customers,
suppliers, and competitors to identify new ways of
doing things
• Networking: meeting people with different ideas and
perspectives
• Experimenting: constructing interactive experiences
and provoking unorthodox responses to see what
insights emerge

Reference:
https://www.creativityatwork.com/2014/02/17/what-is-
creativity/

What is creativity in Business?

5|Page
Creativity in business is a way of thinking that inspires,
challenges, and helps people to find innovative solutions and
create opportunities out of problems. It's the reason some
companies wow us with new, amazing ideas, whilst others
merely follow the beaten path. It's the source of innovation
and inspiration.

6|Page
What does creativity bring to business success?
Organizations today operate in a highly competitive, global
environment, making creativity crucial. Creativity is what fuels
big ideas, challenges employees‘ way of thinking, and opens
the door to new business opportunities. ―Creativity‖ and
―innovation‖ are often used interchangeably for that reason,
but are two separate concepts. Creativity brings the following
to an organization:
• It makes companies competitive
• It nurtures company culture
• It aids productivity
• It helps to solve problems
• It changes the world

Think about it — you can‘t build something new using old

methods. The fast-driven economic environment favors
companies that can be flexible, think fast, and adapt to
changes. None of this is possible if your business holds on to
outdated processes.
Every business tries to grow and expand while also
surpassing the competition. It‘s crucial to bring in something
new, different, and helpful for your customers if you want to
achieve a higher goal.
You can‘t simply copy what other businesses do and expect to
become the best in the industry. To be the best, you need to
innovate, come up with stellar solutions, and push the
boundaries.

Reference: https://medium.com/swlh/the-role-of-creativity-in-
business-
978ee5a80432

How to foster creativity within your organization?

There are several smaller steps leaders can take to make a
big change on their organization. Here are five ways you can
foster creativity within your own team:

1. Reward Creativity
Not every idea will be a success, but big breakthroughs won‘t
occur if the company plays it safe. Executives need to be
comfortable with failure, and give employees the freedom and
flexibility to experiment with and explore new opportunities.

7|Page
Global conglomerate Tata gives out a ―Dare to Try‖ award to
employees with the ―most novel, daring, and seriously
attempted ideas that did not achieve the desired results,‖
while Google‘s innovation lab, X, offers bonuses to each team
member who worked on a project the company ultimately
decided to kill as soon as evidence suggested it wouldn‘t
scale.

8|Page
Companies that reward creativity show they value it, inspiring
individuals within the organization to pursue untested theories
and concepts.

2. Hire the Right People

The ―right‖ people in this context aren‘t solely creatives.
Organizations should instead focus on diversity, bringing in a
variety of viewpoints, cultural backgrounds, and skill sets.
Tom Kelley, partner at global design firm IDEO, established
―The Ten Faces of Innovation,‖ describing how each type of
person—such as ―The Hurdler,‖ who tackles problem-
solving headon, or ―The Caregiver,‖ who works to
understand and form relationships with each individual
customer—adds to the overall creativeness of a project.

―Not everyone is going to be creative, but most people can

learn the tools and techniques for being innovative,‖ Marion
says. ―It helps to look at things from a different vantage
point.‖

It is also worth considering building an innovation team within

your organization, whose role is to tap into creative energies
to develop new products, services, or processes within an
organization.

3. Try the ―Yes, And…‖ Approach

One method for spurring creative brainstorming is trying a
technique used in improvisational theater: ―Yes, and…‖ The
approach encourages colleagues to build off their peers‘
thoughts by first agreeing and then adding something to the
discussion. Taking ―no‖ off the table ensures all ideas are
heard.

Employees could test this approach by simply putting a

paperclip in the middle of the table and thinking up as many
use cases for it as possible. The activity might sound silly, but
it could help inspire creativity.

4. Try Flexible Work Hours

Not everyone is suited for the traditional nine-to-five schedule.
Offering flexible arrangements, such as the ability to work
from home, is known to make employees healthier, happier,
and more productive. As long as employees are clear about
expectations, complete their work on time, and coordinate
9|Page
 appropriately with their team, it‘s an easy strategy to test and
enables everyone to work when they‘re feeling most creative,
as opposed to a set time during the day.

5. Give Employees Time to Recharge

With creativity can also come burnout. Employees need time
to step back and hit the refresh button.

―Companies do need to take burnout into consideration,‖

Marion says, ―and maybe take some time between projects or
offer sabbaticals to recharge their employees.‖

The only thing companies can‘t do is ignore creativity altogether,

or hope the problem will solve itself. Creativity needs to be
prioritized—and for good reason, reminds Marion.

―Creativity lends itself to unique solutions to problems,‖ he

says, ―and to unique features on products, or unique business
models and sources of revenue.‖

Reference:
https://www.northeastern.edu/graduate/blog/creativityimportance-
in-business/

What is the creativity process in business?

1. Preparation
The first stage is the idea of preparation, the idea that you are
immersing yourself in the domain. If you area musician you are
absorbing a lot of the music that is inspiring you to create this
new piece. If you‘re a writer you are reading other writers in this
area. If you are an artist you are looking at other artist‘s work in
the area that you are looking at creating something in. If you are
a scientist you are looking at all the background research. And if
10 | P a g e
you are an entrepreneur or marketer you are looking at all the
previous market research and what other companies have done
before.

So this stage is normally best carried out in a quiet environment.

It‘s really this stage that you are trying to absorb as much
information as possible because this information will go into your
sub-consciousness where it is very important for the second
stage, or second level.

2. Incubation
The second stage is what we call the incubation stage. In
incubation this is when all the information that you have gathered
in the preparation stage really goes back. It starts to churn in the
back of your mind, in the subconsciousness. This is an extremely
important stage because sometimes it can takes days, or weeks,
or months or sometimes even years. That idea that you‘ll think
about writing about a book or piece of music, and you‘re writing
about it and you just leave it to the side for a while and then you
come back to it. Now the interesting thing about the incubation
stages it that to a certain extent it is not really under your control
how long that stage will take. It is something you cannot really
rush because what it leads to is the third stage.

3. Illumination/ Insight
The third stage is what most of the public think is a classic signal
or sign of a creative person, what is called the insight stage or
the insight step. With insight it is really the idea of the ‗Aha‘
moment, the ‗Eureka‘ moment. Although it is probably the
smallest part of the five steps, it is possible one of the most
important parts. On one of my subsequent videos I‘ll take you
more into how to increase your chances of having those ‗Aha‘
moments, those insights. A quick thing I would say here is that
they most often happen when you are doing some kind of low-
level physical activity; going for a shower, driving a car, having a
walk. This is because your subconsciousness in the previous
stages is bubbling away and this insight stage really allows the
mind to work on something else. And then bring these ideas to
the forefront of your mind. So that‘s the third stage, the insight‘s
stage. And now we go on to the fourth stage.

11 | P a g e
4. Evaluation
The fourth stage is this idea of evaluation. This is something I
have a problem with. I think it is an area that a lot of creative
people struggle with because often you have so many ideas
and you have a limited amount of time. So the evaluation
stage is important because this is where it requires self-
criticism and reflection. It is asking yourself questions like:

―Is this a novel or new idea or is it one that is just re-hashed

and has been done before?‖

It‘s the idea of going out to a small group of trusted friends

and saying:

―I‘ve had this idea, what do you think about this?‖

It is very important part because we only have a limited

amount of time to do certain things. Often you find that people
who are called the most ‗creative people‘ are often very good
at this stage, the evaluation stage. They have all these ideas
but they can use self-criticism and reflection to say ―these
are the ones that have the most merit and that I‘m going to
work on‖.

5. Elaboration/ Implementation
And then we have the final stage. This is called elaboration.
This is where Edison said that it‘s ―1% inspiration and 99%
perspiration‖. Now the elaboration stage is the 99%
perspiration stage. This is where you are actually doing the
work. So many people out there think that the creative
process is that insight, that ‗Aha‘ moment, or the the
preparation part. But really a creative individual isn‘t complete,
and I don‘t think they can do anything that really lasts, unless
they can go through that and actually put in the hard work.
The elaboration; testing the idea, working on the idea, those
late nights in the studio, working at your desk, those hours in
the labratory if you are scientist, those days testing and micro-
testing products. This is the elaboration stage.

12 | P a g e
Reference: https://www.jamestaylor.me/creative-process-five-
stages/

What is Innovation?

Innovation in its modern meaning is "a new idea, creative

thoughts, new imaginations in form of device or method".
Innovation is often also viewed as the application of better
solutions that meet new requirements, unarticulated needs, or
existing market needs.

What is business innovation?

Business innovation matters for one simple reason: value. In
order for your business to thrive, it is crucial to be continually
innovating and improving. Successful business innovation
means finding new revenue opportunities, optimising existing
channels and, ultimately, generating higher profits. It should
also give companies an advantage over their competitors.

There is more than one way to innovate and organisations of

different ages and sizes will have different reasons for
embarking on a process of business innovation. For some it
may be a case of re-assessing the ways in which the business
generates revenue, for others it may be necessary to move
into a different industry altogether - or even to create a brand
new one! Before embarking on any innovation cycle, it is
important that organisations understand the various different
models available to them.

13 | P a g e
There are three (3) business innovation models:

1. Business model innovation

This model of business innovation requires organisations to
identify which of their processes, products or services could
be improved to boost the company‘s profitability. Innovation in
this case could refer to forming new partnerships, outsourcing
specific tasks or implementing new technologies.

2. Revenue model innovation

If increasing profits is the main driver for business innovation,
many organisations may choose to change their revenue
model as a first port-ofcall. This can involve re-assessing the
products or services offered or taking another look at the
company‘s pricing strategy. Innovation does not have to be
radical, sometimes changing even one element can yield
significant results.

3. Industry model innovation

Arguably the most radical model of business innovation,
ambitious organisations can choose to change industry
completely for the purposes of innovation - or even create a
whole new industry for themselves. Indeed, companies can
win a new lease of life by following examples such as Virgin‘s
move from aeroplanes to broadband.

Reference: https://www.raconteur.net/business-
innovation/businessinnovation-guide

How to begin business innovation and what are the

strategies in creativity?
1. Don‘t fixate on distant goals
―A solid strategy must avoid all-encompassing initiatives
without careful understanding and planning. Instead, taking on
board ‗quick wins‘ will help to bring a clear impact on
operations and obvious benefits. This can be done by running
multiple small projects in parallel to ensure the best ideas are
progressed rapidly and the bad ones fail early.‖--Matt Jones,
lead analytics strategist at data science consultancy Tessella

2. Don‘t neglect design

―An increasing number of fast-growth startups are founded
by designers. The design course on Stanford University‘s
MBA is one of the most popular and it‘s increasingly
14 | P a g e
understood as a powerful strategic tool. That said, many
businesses still don‘t realise this and not only neglect to
create a leadership role around design, but also fail to invest
in growing design capabilities more broadly in the business.
Done properly this will force a company to entirely rethink how
it brings new products and services to market as well as how it
runs and organises itself.‖-- James Haycock,

15 | P a g e
founder and managing director of innovation and change
consultancy Adaptive Lab

3. Be wary of rivalry between change leaders

―Herd instinct driven by the kind of digital disruption that is
ubiquitous in today‘s global economy can lead to confused,
‗me too‘ efforts by businesses to transform. Nothing is more
symptomatic of this failing than the bewildering cast of
characters that variously present themselves as digital leaders
– chief information, marketing, digital, data, customer,
technology and digital transformation officers to name but a
few. According to research by Digital McKinsey, a third of
company executives do not know which leader is responsible
for digital and technology functions within their business. In
most cases these are either people who have successfully
‗made a play‘ for the digital piece or they are brought in to
spread some digital pixie dust across some previous
perceived success.‖--
Chris Porter, digital transformation director at cybersecurity
and transformation consultancy 6point6

Reference: https://www.raconteur.net/business-
innovation/businessinnovation-guide

What are “technological products”?

Technological products are material (tangible) objects that

have been designed by people and developed through
technological practice to serve particular functions.

In every technological product there is a crucial relationship

between the (chemical) composition and structure of the
materials used and their performance properties.

For this reason, technologists need to be able to evaluate

16 | P a g e
different materials and select the most suitable for their
purpose.

They also need to understand how existing materials can be

modified or new materials formulated, and how choice of
materials impacts on the
design, development, maintenance, and disposal of
technological products.

Reference: https://technology.tki.org.nz/Technology-in-
theNZC/Technological-knowledge/Technological-products/

What are the different technological products?

• Agriculture and Bio-Technology- Developing and using
devices and systems to plant, grow, and harvest crops.
• Energy and Power Technology- Developing and using
devices and systems to convert, transmit, or process
energy.
• Construction Technology- Using systems and processes
to put structures on the sites where they will be used.
• Manufacturing Technology- Developing and using devices
and systems and processes to convert materials into
products in a factory.
• Transportation Technology- Developing and using devices
and systems to move people and cargo from an origin
point to a destination.
• Medical Technology- Developing and using devices and
systems to promote health and cure illnesses.
• Information and Communication Technology- Developing
and using devices and systems to gather, process, share
information, and to share ideas.

What are the steps in New Technological Product

Development and Design?

17 | P a g e
The process in which tri-athlete was created and perfected is
called technological design. This is the process in which
most new technologies are developed. Technological design
is similar to scientific investigation. Both processes rely on
evidence and reason, and follow a logical sequence of steps
to solve problems or answer questions.

The process of designing a new technology includes much

more than just coming up with a good idea. Possible
limitations, or constraints, on the design must be taken into
account. These might include factors such as the cost or
safety of the new product or process. Making and testing a
model of the design are also important. These steps ensure
that the design actually works to solve the problem. This
process also gives the designer a chance to find problems
and modify the design if necessary. No solution is perfect,
but testing and refining a design assures that the technology
will provide a workable solution to the problem it is intended
to solve.

Reference: https://flexbooks.ck12.org/cbook/ck-12-middle-
school-physicalscience-flexbook-
2.0/section/1.12/primary/lesson/technological-
designprocess-ms-ps
18 | P a g e
SYNTHESIS / What is Creativity?
GENERALIZATIO Creativity is the act of turning new and imaginative ideas into
N reality. Creativity is characterised by the ability to perceive
the world in new ways, to find hidden patterns, to make
connections between seemingly unrelated phenomena, and
to generate solutions. Creativity involves two processes:
thinking, then
producing. Can
creativity be
learned?
The short answer is yes. A study by George Land reveals
that we are naturally creative and as we grow up we learn to
be uncreative. Creativity is a skill that can be developed and
a process that can be managed.
What is creativity in Business?
Creativity in business is a way of thinking that inspires,
challenges, and helps people to find innovative solutions and
create opportunities out of problems. It's the reason some
companies wow us with new, amazing ideas, whilst others
merely follow the beaten path. It's the source of innovation
and inspiration.
What does creativity bring to business success?
• It makes companies competitive
• It nurtures company culture
• It aids productivity
• It helps to solve problems
• It changes the world
How to foster creativity within your organization?
• Reward Creativity
• Hire the Right People

19 | P a g e
 • Try the ―Yes, And…‖ Approach
• Try Flexible Work Hours
• Give Employees Time to Recharge
What is the creativity process in business?
1. Preparation
2. Incubation
3. Illumination/ Insight
4. Evaluation
5. Implementation/ Elaboration What is Innovation?
Innovation in its modern meaning is "a new idea, creative
thoughts, new imaginations in form of device or method".
What is business innovation?
It is crucial to be continually innovating and improving.
Successful business innovation means finding new revenue
opportunities, optimising existing channels and, ultimately,
generating higher profits. It should also give companies an
advantage over their competitors.
Three (3) business innovation models
• Business model innovation
• Revenue model innovation
• Industry model innovation
How to begin business innovation and what are the
strategies in creativity?
• Don‘t fixate on distant goals
• Don‘t neglect design
• Be wary of rivalry between change leaders What are
“technological products”?
Technological products are material (tangible) objects that
have been designed by people and developed through
technological practice to serve particular functions.
What are the different technological products?
• Agriculture and Bio-Technology
• Energy and Power Technology
• Construction Technology
• Manufacturing Technology
• Transportation Technology
• Medical Technology
• Information and Communication Technology
What are the steps in New Technological Product
Development and Design?

20 | P a g e
REFERENCES https://www.creativityatwork.com/2014/02/17/what-is-
creativity/ https://medium.com/swlh/the-role-of-creativity-in-
business-978ee5a80432
https://www.northeastern.edu/graduate/blog/creativity-
importance-inbusiness/
https://www.jamestaylor.me/creative-process-five-stages/
https://www.raconteur.net/business-innovation/business-
innovation-guide https://www.raconteur.net/business-
innovation/business-innovation-guide
https://technology.tki.org.nz/Technology-in-the-
NZC/Technologicalknowledge/Technological-products/
https://quizlet.com/154440755/seven-types-of-technology-
flash-cards/ https://flexbooks.ck12.org/cbook/ck-12-middle-
school-physical-scienceflexbook-
2.0/section/1.12/primary/lesson/technological-design-process-
msps

21 | P a g e