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    Fluid Mechanics

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    Omer Akeb
    This document discusses open-channel flow, which includes flow in channels open to the atmosphere as well as partially filled pipes. Open-channel flow can be classified as steady or unsteady, uniform or varied, and laminar or turbulent. Some examples of open-channel flow systems are rivers, irrigation systems, sewers, and drainage ditches.

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    Fluid Mechanics

    Uploaded by

    Omer Akeb
    23 views7 pages
    This document discusses open-channel flow, which includes flow in channels open to the atmosphere as well as partially filled pipes. Open-channel flow can be classified as steady or unsteady, uniform or varied, and laminar or turbulent. Some examples of open-channel flow systems are rivers, irrigation systems, sewers, and drainage ditches.

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    fluid mechanics lecture 24

    Original Title

    FF LECTURE 24

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    This document discusses open-channel flow, which includes flow in channels open to the atmosphere as well as partially filled pipes. Open-channel flow can be classified as steady or unsteady, uniform or varied, and laminar or turbulent. Some examples of open-channel flow systems are rivers, irrigation systems, sewers, and drainage ditches.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    23 views7 pages

    Fluid Mechanics

    Uploaded by

    Omer Akeb
    This document discusses open-channel flow, which includes flow in channels open to the atmosphere as well as partially filled pipes. Open-channel flow can be classified as steady or unsteady, uniform or varied, and laminar or turbulent. Some examples of open-channel flow systems are rivers, irrigation systems, sewers, and drainage ditches.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 7

    FLUID

    MECHANICS
    OPEN-CHANNEL FLOW

    • Open-channel flow implies flow in a


    channel open to the atmosphere.

    • Flow in a conduit is also open-


    channel flow if the liquid does not fill
    the conduit completely, and thus
    there is a free surface.
    • Flow in pipes is driven by gravity and/or a pressure difference,
    whereas flow in a channel is driven naturally by gravity.

    • Water flow in a river, for example, is driven by the upstream


    and downstream elevation difference.

    • Human-made open-channel flow systems include irrigation


    systems, sewer lines, drainage ditches, and gutters
    CLASSIFICATION OF OPEN-CHANNEL
    FLOWS
    Steady
    Unsteady
    • The representative quantity in open-channel flows is the flow depth
    (or alternately, the average velocity), which may vary along the
    channel.
    • The flow is said to be steady if the flow depth does not vary with time
    at any given location along the channel (although it may vary from
    one location to another). Otherwise, the flow is unsteady.
    Uniform flow
    Varied flow

    • The flow in a channel is said to be uniform if the flow depth remains constant.
    Otherwise, the flow is said to be non-uniform or varied, indicating that the flow depth
    varies with distance in the flow direction.
    • Rapidly varied flow (RVF): If the flow depth changes markedly over a
    relatively short distance in the flow direction (such as the flow of water
    past a partially open gate or over a falls).
    • Gradually varied flow (GVF): If the flow depth changes gradually over a
    long distance along the channel.
    Laminar & Turbulent Flows in Channels

    • Laminar flow: Re ≤ 500 in open-channel flow


    • Turbulent flow: Re ≥ 2500
    • Transitional flow: 500 ≥ Re ≤ 2500.

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