Grade Chemical Composition (% by Mass - Max Unless Stated) Ferritic Steels
Grade Chemical Composition (% by Mass - Max Unless Stated) Ferritic Steels
Pb-
EN1AL 0.07/0.15 0.80/1.20 0.10 M 0.20/0.30 0.07
0.15/0.35
EN55 0.18/0.45 1.00 MAX 1.00/2.50 17.0 Min 6.0/12.0 0.04 0.04
Important Notes:
1) BS 970 has been generally superseded by European based standards Notes on European Standards
2) All information on this page has been interpreted from the relevent Standard, Books eg Newnes Mech. Eng Pocket Book, Kempe's, Other Web Sites,
and Leaflets. This information is of a general nature for initial guidance. Selection of materials for use must be by communication with the suppliers and
by reference to the appropriate codes - The best standards to use are the European EN based standards -
Basic Steel Selection Based on BS 970
STEEL Notes
Carbon Steel
BS 970
A low carbon, free cutting, mild steel suitable for machining using automatic and CNC machines. Available as rolled
230M07
or normalised in round, flat or hexagon form
(EN1A)
BS 970 A mild steel used for general purposes. Suitable for lightly stressed fasteners ,shafts etc. Can be easily machined
070M20 and welded. Available hot rolled, normalised, cold drawn or turned. Supplied in Black round or square , bright
(EN3A) round square, flat and hexagon.
BS 970
A medium strength steel. Used to make, shafts, racks, pinions, studs, bolts, nuts, rollers, etc. Supplied as square
080M30
bar, or round bar or flat.
(EN5/EN6)
BS 970
A medium strength steel. Suitable for stressed pins, shafts studs, keys etc. Available as rolled or normalised.
080M40
Supplied as square bar, or round bar or flat.
(EN8)
BS 970
A hard wearing medium carbon steel which can be hardened. Available as hot rolled, normalised, Cold drawn or
070M55
turned. Sections available black round, black square, bright round and black flat.
(EN9)
BS 970
A case hardening mild steel suitable for general engineering applications. When case hardened results in a hard
080M15
surface with a tough core. Used for making gears cams and rollers etc. Supplied as black round bar and sections
(EN32)
Alloy Steel
BS 970
A manganese molydenum steel with good ductily and mechanical strength. Available in heat treated condition e.g
605M36
(R,S,T).Supplied as black round or square bar and bright round or square, and hexagons.
(EN16)
BS 970 A 1% typical chromium molybdenum steel with higher molybdenum. Can be induction hardened. Used for gears,
709M40 and high strength shafts etc. Suitable for higher strength applications when resistance to shock is required.
(EN19) Available annealed. Supplied as black round or square bar and bright round or square, and hexagons.
BS 970 A nickel chromium molybdenum steel with high strength and toughness. Used for gears axles and high strength
817M40 studs. Supplied as rolled, annealed and hardened and tempered. Supplied as black round or square bar and bright
(EN24) round or square, and hexagons
BS 970 A high quality nickel chromium case hardening steel. Can be hardened to provide hard surface with a strong tough
655M13 core. Used for high duty gears and shafts. Supplied in as-rolled condition in black square and round bar and bright
(EN36) round.
BS 970 A 3% chromium molybdenum nitriding steel. Provide good tough core strength with a hard nitrided surface for
722M24 wear resistance. Supplied in as-rolled, annealed and hardened and tempered condition in black square and round
(EN40B) bar.
Stainless Steel
BS970
Martensitic (Magnetic), can be hardened and tempered to give improved tensile strength. FM** grade. Typical
416S21
applications include cutlery, surgical instruments, fasteners, valves, spindles and shafts.
(EN56)
BS 970
Martensitic (Magnetic). Supplied heat treated with a high tensile strength. Typical applications include cutlery,
431S29
surgical instruments, fasteners, valves, spindles and shafts.
(EN57)
BS 970
Ferritic. Low Strength but good ductility. Used food processing and catering equipment and automotive trim,car
430S15
exhaust systems etc.
typ (EN60)
Austenitic (Non-Magnetic)Cannot be heat treated but work hardens. Readily formed and welded,used mainly in
BS 970 Grade domestic, dairy and decorative appliances general purpose grade for corrosion resistant applications. This grade is
304S15 the most widely used of all stainless steels. Its chemical composition,provide the best all-round performance S.S.
(EN58-) at relatively low cost. It has excellent low temperature properties. Lower Carbon grades (S15 and less) have
improved weldability.
Austenitic (Non-Magnetic)Cannot be heat treated but work hardens. It offers high resistance to corrosion.
BS 970 Grade
Generally machined components and pipe fittings. This grade is almost as popular as the 304 grade the increased
316S16
Mo content makes the steel more suitable for resisting pitting and crevice then 304 Grade. Lower Carbon grades
(EN58J)
(S15 and less) have improved weldability.
BS 970 Grade
Austenitic (Non-Magnetic)Cannot be heat treated but work hardens. Titanium stabilized, which offers improved
321S12
welding properties.
(EN58B-C)
BS 970 Grade Austenitic (Non-Magnetic). Pocesses good resistance to scaling at high temperatures. For continuous high
310S31 temperature service in the range 850 - 1000oC.
Sample Steels Specifications
Important Note:
The values below are not comprehensive and must be used with extreme care.
The strength values e.g. the proof stress and yield stress, reduce as the section increases. In the tables below the relevant sections are often thin and
so the strength values are maximum values. Please refer to the relevant standards for important work..
BS Spec Composition %
Type Of Steel Condition Yield Stress x 106 Pa Tensile Stress MPa Elongation %
BS 970 C-Mn-Ni-Cr-Mo
Low Carbon Steel 230M07 0,15C% 1,1%Mn Hot rolled 215 360 21
Low Carbon Steel 230M07 0,15C% 1,1%Mn HR -> CD (thin) 340 480 6
Low Carbon Steel 070M20 0,2C% 0,7%Mn Normalised 215 430 21
Low Carbon Steel 070M20 0,2C% 0,7%Mn HR->CD (thin) 440 560 10
Constructural Steel 080M40 0,4%C 0,8%Mn Normalised 280 550 16
Constructural Steel 080M40 0,4%C 0,8%Mn HR -> CD (thin) 530 660 7
Low Manganese 150M28 0,28%C 1,5%Mn Heat Treat(P) 355 587 20
Nickel Manganese 503M40 0,4%C -0,9%Mn 1,0%Cr Heat Treat(R) 525 700 min 17
Manganese Molybdenum 608M38 0,38%C 1,5%Mn 0,5%Mo Heat Treat 1000 1130 19
0,31%C 0,60%Mn 3,0%Ni
Nickel Chromium 633M31 Heat Treat(U) 755 927 23
1,0%Cr
0,4%C 0,55%Mn 1,2%Cr
Nickel-Chrom-Mo 817M40 Heat Treat (W) 940 1075 11
0,3%Mo
0,3%C 0,55%Mn 4,25%Ni
Nickel-Chrom-Mo 835M30 Hard'n +Temp 1470 1700 14
1,25%Cr 0,3%Mo
0,38%C 1,4%Mn 0,75%Ni
Mang-Ni-Chr-Mo 945M38 Heat Treat (V) 850 1040 2
0,5%Cr 0,20%Mo
0,08%C 1,0%Mn 13%Cr
Steel Ferritic 403S17 Softened 280 420 20
0,5%Ni
Stainless Martensitic 420S45 0,3%C 0,5%Mn 13,0%Cr Heat Treat (R) 525 700 15
0,12%C 0,8%Mn 8,5%Ni
18/8 Stainless Austenitic 302S25 Softened 278 618 50
18,0%Cr
0,12%C 0,8%MN 8,5%Ni
18/8 Stainless Austenitic 302S25 Cold work 803 896 30
18,0%Cr
0,05%C 0,8%Mn 8,5%Ni
18/8 St. (No Weld Decay) 321S20 Softened 278 649 45
18,0%Cr 1,6Ti
0,05C 0,8%Mn 8,5%Ni
18/8 St. (No Weld Decay) 321S20 Cold Worked 402 803 30
18,0%Cr 1,6Ti
a) The first three symbols are a number code indicating the type of steel:
000 to 199 Carbon and carbon-manganese steels. The number represents the manganese content x 100
200 to 240 Free cutting steels. The second and third number indicate the sulphur content x 100
c) The fifth and sixth symbol is a number is the actual mean carbon content x 100
In addition to the above coding a condition coding may be applied. indicating the tensile strength range after heat treatment. This is used in conjunction
with a limiting section designation. (See table below)
Equivalent Grades
Equivalent Grades
Internal Standard BS DIN IS EN SAE/AISI
FILESTEEL - - - - -
SCM420 708M20 - - - -
Equivalent Grades
Internal Standard
BS DIN IS EN SAE/AISI JIS
Equivalent Grades
Internal Standard
EN SAE/AISI JIS***
Equivalent Grades
Internal Standard
BS DIN IS EN SAE/AISI JIS
SAE9254 - - - - 9254 -
Equivalent Grades
Internal Standard
BS DIN IS EN SAE/AISI
SAE1022CHQ - - - - SAE1022 -
15B41 - - - - 15B41 -
Equivalent Grades
Internal Standard
BS DIN IS EN SAE/AISI JIS
Equivalent Grades
Internal Standard
BS DIN IS EN SAE/AISI JIS
P12 - - - - - -
STKM 12A
A570.36 1.0038 RSt.37-2 4360 40 C – E 24-2 Ne – – 1311 15
STKM 12C
F.2111
1213 SUM22 1.0715 9SMn28 230M07 1A S250 CF9SMn28 1912 Y15
11SMn28
1015 S15C 1.1141 Ck15 080M15 32C XC12 C16 C15K 1370 15
1045 S45C 1.1191 Ck45 080M46 – XC42 C45 C45K 1672 Ck45
1060 S58C 1.1221 Ck60 080A62 43D XC60 C60 – 1678 60Mn