Technological Institute of The Philippines Quiapo, Manila

Technological Institute of the Philippines
Quiapo, Manila
College of Engineering and Architecture

Chemical Engineering Department
CHE 320 - CHE31S1 - Molecular Biology
Submitted to:
Engr. Lina Dela Cruz
Submitted by:
Date:
May 12, 2021
"I affirm that I shall not give or receive any unauthorized help on this assignment and that
this work is my own"
Eukaryotic Cells and Prokaryotic Cells
Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have very different structures and so do the roles that they play
in the body. Eukaryotic cells provide support for the growth of other cells while prokaryotic cells
do so in a more fundamental sense. While both types of cells play a vital role in supporting their
host, each is unique and has unique roles to play in different situations. Eukaryotic cells and
prokaryotic cells are two types of cells that can be found in the human body and also in more
complex organisms like bacteria. Although they look similar, there are vital differences between
the two that make them very distinct from one another.
Eukaryotic cells possess a ring-shaped nucleus surrounded by membrane spaces known as

organelles. Prokaryotic cells, by contrast, have a sphere-shaped nucleus surrounded by a
filamentous core. Prokaryotic cells lack DNA replication and information processing machinery
that is found in eukaryotic cells but can still divide without the need for a fertilized egg.
Prokaryotic cells also remain viable without Gram-positive or Gram-negative nutrients present in
their original host. Most prokaryotic cells have been shown self assemble -- assemble
themselves from simpler pre-assembled components when added. Eukaryotic cells are the
nucleus of the cell and, being smaller, can be primarily seen on an ultrasensitive light
microscope. They consist of chromosomes, which are generally considered to contain DNA.
Prokaryotes possess the ability to synthesize nucleotides — a process needed for normal
cellular functions. However, the production of DNA itself was once considered to be a property
of prokaryotic cells (via replication of DNA). This may affect which property you choose to study
about Eukaryotic cells.
Eukaryotic cells are many and diverse; they can coexist with some prokaryotic cells. The two
categories are often considered equal at the molecular level and are often treated as
interchangeable. However, there are subtle physical differences within these two groups when it
comes to their functionality: for example, prokaryotic cells are known to secrete proteins or
peptides), while eukaryotic cells do not produce proteins. The difference between prokaryotic
and eukaryotic cells has been observed in the nucleus of each of the eukaryotic (red) and
prokaryotic (blue) cells. The nucleus is made up of DNA that encodes for functional proteins.
Prokaryotic and eukaryotic chromosomes carry only building blocks for either type of cell. The
genetic material and instructions for making pigment-containing proteins, RNA, etc., are
contained in the nucleus of each of the two kinds of cells: deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), and
RNA polymerase II. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic chromatin is organized hierarchically in a
double-stranded complementary strand. Chromatin contains stretches (small proteins
embedded in the DNA) called histones that bind proteins. DNA contains structures called
histones H4, H5, and HX clusters that recognize DNA pellets (which are molecules of histone).
Eubacteria and Archaea
ARCHAEA BACTERIA
Archaebacteria are recognized to be the oldest dwelling organisms on earth. They belong to the
dominion Monera and are categorized as microorganism due to the fact they resemble
microorganism whilst determined below a microscope. Apart from this, they are distinct from
prokaryotes. However, they proportion barely not unusual place traits with the eukaryotes.
• Archaebacteria are obligate or facultative anaerobes, i.e., they flourish in the absence of
oxygen and that is why only they can undergo methanogenesis.
• The cell membranes of the Archaebacteria are composed of lipids.
• The rigid cell wall provides shape and support to the Archaebacteria. It also protects the
cell from bursting under hypotonic conditions.
• The cell wall is composed of Pseudomurein, which prevents archaebacteria from the
effects of Lysozyme. Lysozyme is an enzyme released by the immune system of the host, which
dissolves the cell wall of pathogenic bacteria.
• These do not possess membrane-bound organelles such as nuclei, endoplasmic
reticulum, mitochondria, lysosomes or chloroplast. Its thick cytoplasm contains all the
compounds required for nutrition and metabolism.
• They can live in a variety of environments and are hence called extremophiles. They can
survive in acidic and alkaline aquatic regions, and also in temperature above boiling point.
• They can withstand a very high pressure of more than 200 atmospheres.
• Archaebacteria are indifferent towards major antibiotics because they contain plasmids,
which have antibiotic resistance enzymes.
• The mode of reproduction is asexual, known as binary fission.
• They perform unique gene transcription.
• The differences in their ribosomal RNA suggest that they diverged from both prokaryotes
and eukaryotes.
EUBACTERIA
Eubacteria, or “true” microorganism, are single-celled prokaryotic microorganisms, which have a
number of traits and are observed in diverse situations for the duration of all elements of the
world. All kinds of microorganism fall below this title, besides for archaebacteria. Since
eubacteria are so common, this institution incorporates one of the 3 domain names of life:
Bacteria.
Eubacteria or “true” microorganism are unicellular, prokaryotic organisms. It has a
lipid-containing mobileular membrane made from glycerol ester lipids. They are characterised
through a loss of a nuclear membrane, an unmarried round chromosome, and mobileular walls
made of peptidoglycan. They may be divided into classes relying on the kind of mobileular wall:
gram-effective microorganism and gram-bad microorganism.
SIMILARITIES
Because each archaebacteria and eubacteria come from the equal Kingdom Monera, they most
effective have similarities: they’re each from the equal kingdom, and they’re each unicellular
prokaryotes. A unicellular organism has most effective one mobileular. For comparison, a mean
human frame has 30 trillion cells at any given moment; a unicellular organism, however, has the
whole lot it wishes to live on internal that one mobileular. Because a mobileular is so small, you
will not be capable of see them with a bare eye.
Another similarity they have is that they are each prokaryotes. Prokaryotes are cells that do not
have any nucleus membrane, mitochondria, and every other organelle certain with the aid of
using membrane. In contrast, eukaryotes have nucleus enclosed inside their membranes.
DIFFERENCES
When it involves differences, however, there are masses of methods archaebacteria and
eubacteria are different. Because eubacteria is essentially the microorganism we know, a whole
lot of the traits it has are what we regularly characteristic to microorganism in general. However,
in reality, archaebacteria have positive various traits that separate itself from those famous
features.

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Technological Institute of the Philippines

College of Engineering and Architecture

CHE 320 - CHE31S1 - Molecular Biology

Eukaryotic cells possess a ring-shaped nucleus surrounded by membrane spaces known as

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