Seismic Dampers and The Factors Affecting Its Efficacy A Review Paper
Seismic Dampers and The Factors Affecting Its Efficacy A Review Paper
Seismic Dampers and The Factors Affecting Its Efficacy A Review Paper
ISSN No:-2456-2165
Abstract:- Seismic damping technology has been used for Dynamic Analysis Methods are used to analyze the
years in order to protect structures from adverse effects of efficacy of dampers. There are two types of dynamic analysis
earthquake. Thus, it is important to study seismic methods - Response Spectrum Analysis and Time History
damping technologies in order to use them effectively. The Method. A unique sort of mode superposition is used in the
purpose of this paper is to broadly classify the dampers response spectrum approach. The goal is to offer an input that
currently in popular use, and explain their functioning. specifies a limit on how much an eigen mode with a given
Friction Dampers, Viscous Dampers, Visco-Elastic natural frequency and damping can be aroused by a given
Dampers and Tuned Mass Dampers are the majorly used event. The structural reaction to short, nondeterministic,
dampers in the market nowadays. Viscous Dampers are transient dynamic events is estimated using response spectrum
considered the most efficient type of dampers. The analysis. The response of a structure under historical
efficiencies of various dampers also differ from each other earthquake or wind acceleration data is studied using time-
and thus can be used at various places based on history analysis. The structure does not have to be an SDoF
requirements. On further studies, it was found that the system. A plot of amplitude or acceleration vs. time is known
efficiencies of dampers not only depend on their type but as a time-history. The structural reaction is computed at a
also on their location and orientation. Dynamic analysis is number of consecutive time instants in time history analyses.
used for the assessment of effects of dampers on When placing the dampers in a building, it must not be done in
structures. There are two types of Dynamic Analysis a random fashion.The efficacy of damper does not only depend
methods – Response Spectrum Analysis and Time History on its type but also its location and orientation.
Analysis.
II. TYPES OF DAMPERS
Keywords:- Seismic Damper; Location; Orientation; Time
History Analysis; Response Spectrum Analysis. A. Types of Dampers
The major types of dampers available in the market
I. INTRODUCTION are asfollows -
a. Friction Dampers
Traditionally reinforced concrete structures were made b. Tuned Mass Dampers
earthquake resistant by designing the frame for a predicted c. Viscous Dampers
magnitude of earthquake. However, the frame elements d. Visco-Elastic Dampers
designed using the traditional method were not feasible due to
the uneconomical large sizes of frame elements. Thus B. Friction Dampers
traditional seismic design methods were eventually replaced by It is one of the most effective, easily available and
energy dissipation devices like dampers and base isolators. inexpensive types of dampers present in the market. The
Seismic dampers are the most commonly used energy seismic energy created by ground motion is converted into
dissipation devices. There are multiple types of seismic friction caused between the two surfaces sliding over each
dampers available in the market - Viscous Damper, Visco- other. According to the authors Chandnani, Joshi and Trivedi; a
Elastic Dampers, Friction Dampers, Tuned Mass Dampers, larger amount of seismic energy can be dissipated when using
etc. It is imperative to understand the classification of dampers friction dampers as compared to viscous dampers or yielding
in order to decide their appropriate utility in any structural dampers[2]. Author Heysami states that the performance of a
setup. friction damper is not affected by parameters like temperature
and velocity[1]. It has very low maintenance and thus is a very
popular kind of damper.
Visco-elastic Damper
Visco-elastic dampers dissipate energy by expanding an
C. Tuned Mass Damper elastomer in combination with metallic plates. The energy
It is an energy dissipating system, consisting of an acting on the body is absorbed by utilising the controlled
arrangement of mass and spring, which works on the principle shearing of solids. They are generally used in structures made
of harmonic motion. By the help of the tuned mass damper, of steel. Authors Bhatti and Varum state that visco-elastic
the oscillating frequency of the mass attached is tuned to dampers are easily installable and require low maintenance[4].
match the frequency by which the structure oscillates. This They are very effective against seismic and wind loads.
helps to reduce structural failure. Tuned mass dampers can be
broadly classified into 2 types based on control mechanism: Figure 4: Viscoelastic Damper
Active and Passive. In an Active Mass Damper, an external
source is used to alter the forces in a predetermined manner in
order to match the resonating frequency of the structure[6]. On
the contrary, the Passive Mass Damper does not use this
external power source and imparts forces that are generated
because of the motion of the structure. Shanghai Tower, CN
Tower and Statue of Unity are a few examples of skyscrapers
that use TMD.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
REFERENCES