Product Brochure

Gas-insulated Switchgear ELK-04

Modular System
up to 170 kV, 4000 A, 63 kA
Content

Innovation by Tradition 3

Bilding Block System 4–5

Functional Modules 6–21

– Circuit Breaker 6–7

– Circuit Breaker Operating Mechanism 8–9

– Combined Disconnector and Earthing Switch 10–11

– Make-Proof Earthing Switch 12

– Cable End Unit, Gas-to-Air Bushings 13

– Current and Voltage Transformers 14–15

– Completion Modules,
Gas Compartment System 16–17

– Control and Monitoring 18–21

Combination of Modules 22–23

Execution Examples 24–27

– Double Busbar Arrangements 24–25

– Single Busbar Arrangements 26–27

Value Added, Innovation, Quality 28

Engineering, Project Handling, Service 29

Summary, Technical Data 30–31

2 Content | Gas-insulated Switchgear ELK-04

Innovation by Tradition

ELK-04 in 1½ circuit breaker arrangement

Decades of experience create the basis for a mature tested according to IEC-Standard (IEC 62271-203). High
technology availability with reduced operating and maintenance costs
ABB is one of the technology leaders in the range of gas- guarantee excellent substation productivity. In this way,
insulated switchgear. Nobody has more hands-on experience, ELK-04 represents the lowest cost over the entire life cycle
gathered in thousands of applications, in all climates, operat- of the substation.
ing conditions.
ABB has more than 40 years of experience in the develop-
The ABB portfolio for gas-insulated high voltage switchgear ment, production, engineering and project handling in the
comprises several modular designed model ranges for voltage gas-insulated switchgear business. That means more than
ratings from 52 kV up to 1100 kV. 40 years of customer fulfillment and long-term management
of customer benefits.
More than 14000 installed bays in almost 2500 substations
in over 70 countries demonstrate their value every day. This
extensive substation operational experience under a wide ABB is a pioneer of GIS-technology,
variety of conditions and requirements forms the basis for the with unequaled know-how and unrivaled
development and production of our gas-insulated switchgear.
system competence.
ELK-04 meets the most demanding quality requirements.
Owing to factory pre-manufactured and pre-tested compo-
nents, transport, assembly and commissioning are simple and
fast. As a matter of course all functional modules were type-

Gas-insulated Switchgear ELK-04 | Innovation by Tradition 3

Building Block System

ELK-04 – a model of success since 1992 Perfect modules result in powerful systems
The ABB portfolio for gas-insulated switchgear has seen The system of gas-insulated switchgear is composed by
continuous upgrades and improvements since the end of functional modules consisting of different primary and secon-
the sixties. Market and customer requirements are met by dary technology. Each functional module fulfils the task in an
innovative solutions. optimal way in conjunction with other functional modules.

For instance, the ELK-04 gas-insulated switchgear was We see our challenge in the continuous improvement of all
developed in such a manner that a complete bay fits within functional modules and in the enhancement of the operatio-
one standard industrial shipping container. At the time of its nal reliability, realized by appropriate constructions, fail safe
market launch in 1992, ELK-04 was designed for a rated system architectures, careful testing and strict methodological
current of 3150 A, a rated short circuit current of 40 kA and quality assurance.
a rated voltage of 170 kV. Depending on the requirements,
today it is possible to assemble switchyards with higher or
lower rated values at optimized costs from a well-devised A unique optimized building block
modular system. system fulfils almost all requirements
A differentiation with respect to the required layout design in high voltage technology.
is basically possible with the standardized flange diameter.
For a rated voltage up to 145 kV and a rated normal current
of 2500 A, modules with small flange diameters can be used.
For ratings above these values modules with a larger flange
diameter are necessary.

The essential modules of the ELK-04

building block system:

➀ Busbar with disconnector ➇ ➀ ➁ ➂

and earthing switch ➃
➁ Circuit breaker
➂ Current transformer ➄ ➅
➃ Voltage transformer
➄ Feeder disconnector and
earthing switch
➅ Make-proof earthing switch
➆ Cable end unit
➇ Local control cabinet

Active parts under high voltage

Enclosure Up to 170 kV, 4000 A, 50 kA and 63 kA up to 145 kV
SF6-Gas
Insulation material
Mechanical parts, structures
Low voltage parts

4 Building Block System | Gas-insulated Switchgear ELK-04

ELK-04 in double busbar arrangement

Up to 145 kV, 40 kA, 3150 A on the busbar side Up to 145 kV, 40 kA, 2500 A on the busbar side
and 2500 A on the feeder side and on the feeder side

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Gas-insulated Switchgear ELK-04 | Building Block System 5
Circuit Breaker

Core of every switchgear – the circuit breaker Current transformers can be integrated into all flange designs
Circuit breakers are the most important modules of switch- by adjusting the length of the support plate.
gear. Their wide flexibility significantly influences the scope
of a space saving design of the complete substations. The hydromechanical spring operating mechanism of HMB
type is common for all circuit breaker variants. Due to the
Basically, ELK-04 circuit breakers are equipped with self blast space saving and modular design, variants with single and
interrupters, with one interrupter unit per pole. They require triple pole operation are available. The energy storage in mo-
minimum maintenance and only a low amount of switching dular arranged spring disk columns allows different switching
energy. duty cycles without recharging.

Depending on customer requirement a multiplicity of circuit

breaker enclosures with large and small flange dimensions ELK-04 circuit breakers are flexible
are available. Hereby, the substation’s layout determines the and require low maintenance.
number of the flanges.
They can be adapted perfectly to the
requirements of the substation layout.

1,2 Manufacturing of interrupters | 3 Assembly of circuit breakers

1 2

6 Circuit Breaker | Gas-insulated Switchgear ELK-04

Innovative and safe circuit breaker technology In contrast, for short circuit currents the energy of the high-
requiring minimum space amp arc heats up the quenching gas and increases its
The interrupting units deployed in the 40, 50 and 63 kA circuit pressure in the heating up volume. The pressure guarantees
breakers are standardized and multi-type-tested components. the arc extinction of short circuits up to the rated short circuit
They show only minor differences and they are not only used current. The compression power to interrupt the short circuit
for ELK-04 gas-insulated switchgear. Those interrupting units currents does not need to be supplied by the breaker oper-
are applied in other products of the ABB high voltage switch- ating mechanism. Consequently, the operating mechanism
gear portfolio as well (e. g. conventional air-insulated circuit needs only to be dimensioned for the switching of normal
breaker modules). operating currents.

All interrupting units are characterized by the consistent In case a hydromechanical spring operating mechanism is
separation of the continuous current contacts and the auxili- applied, due to the easily adaptable operating characteris-
ary contacts for the arc extinction. Long-life auxiliary contacts tics the occurring reaction forces are almost negligible. This
for arc extinction and the low wear of the continuous current counts for the entire system, consisting of interrupter unit,
contacts results in low inspection and maintenance effort. mechanical linkage and operating mechanism.
In most cases, inspection and maintenance are even un-
necessary. The circuit breaker can therefore be designed quite simple
and reliable.
In contrast to the common puffer interrupting unit, the self
blast interrupting unit is equipped with a two-stage blast
volume. The partial volumes are separated from each other Interrupting unit based on the self blast
by means of a freely movable non-return flap. In the compres- principle and hydromechanical spring
sion volume, the SF6-gas is compressed during the switch
off movement. The gas suppresses switching arcs in the operating mechanism for a reactionless,
range of the operating currents in the same manner as known reliable switching with soft extinction
from the conventional puffer interrupting unit. Compression behavior.
volume and contact geometry are optimized with regard to
low overvoltage and soft extinction behavior.

Circuit breaker Self blast principle

➃
➂
➀ ➃
➄

➁
➅

➁
A B C

➂ A Breaker closed ➀ Heat-up volume

B Interruption of ➁ Compression volume
➀ ➀ Interrupting unit operating current ➂ Continuous current
➁ Current transformer C Interruption of contact
➂ Barrier insulator short circuit current ➃ Auxiliary current contact
➃ Operating mechanism ➄ Non-return flap
➅ Pressure limit flap

Gas-insulated Switchgear ELK-04 | Circuit Breaker 7

Circuit Breaker Operating Mechanism

Wear-free force transmission Modularity, a key feature for circuit breaker operating
The hydromechanical spring operating mechanism of the mechanisms too
circuit breaker combines optimally the wear-free force The operating mechanism for triple pole operation comprises
transmission of a hydraulic system with the robustness of a several functional modules:
mechanical spring operating mechanism. Hydromechanical
spring operating mechanism are not only used for the com- − − Recharging module
plete ABB portfolio of gas-insulated switchgear in the range −− Storage module with disk spring assembly
of 52-1100 kV. Due to the easy and fast adaptation, they are −− Working module with piston and integrated
successfully applied in more than 100 different applications end-position damping
worldwide. The excellent features of this operating mecha- − − Monitoring module with spring limit switch
nism family are reliability, long-term stability and temperature −− Control module with open-close pilot valves
insensitivity.
The version for single-pole actuation consists of three working
All hydromechanical spring operating mechanisms are cha- and control modules.
racterized by a quasi co-sinusoidal course of motion. This is
realized by an integrated adaptable end-of-stroke damper. Tripping and transmission of energy is based on proven and
Thus, mechanical reaction forces are only moderate. tested components from mechanics of fluids (changeover
valves, hydraulic pump with non-return valve).
Depending on the rated short circuit of the ELK-04 gas-
insulated switchgear either an operating mechanism of type
HMB-1 or HMB-2 is applied. In addition, with the operating More than 65000 operating mechanisms
mechanism HMB-1s and HMB-2s types a mechanically delivered are successfully in operation,
independent single pole operation with high operating time
consistency can be realized. Due to the energy storage in a proven and with high-performance,
disk spring column the duty cycle is not limited to the duty requiring minimum space.
cycle of O-0.3s-CO as required in standards.

1 Circuit breaker operating mechanism of type HMB-1 | 2 Pilot valves for HMB-2 circuit breaker operating mechanism

1 2

8 Circuit Breaker Operating Mechanism | Gas-insulated Switchgear ELK-04

A Operating mechanism in position “OPEN” position, Simplified hydraulic scheme of the HMB-1 at different
springs not charged operating states
HMB operating mechanisms combine the advantages of classical
hydraulic operating mechanisms (wear-free force transmission) A
and purely spring operating mechanisms (energy storage in metal
springs). But in contrast to classical hydraulic operating mecha-
nisms a hydromechanical spring operating mechanism does not ➀
need any external piping at all.

The advantage of the multiple stacked disk spring column ➀

results in a high energy density requiring minimum space. This
is the case for switching ON as well as for switching OFF. The
load position of the disk spring column is continuously monitored
by a control link ➁ (spring travel switch). A compensation of slight ➂
internal pressure losses is achieved by incidental recharging of the
hydraulic pump ➂. This guarantees a permanent self supervision
of the operating mechanism, even in the case of long idle times.
➁

B Operating mechanism in “OPEN” position, springs charged

The operating piston ➃ follows the differential piston princi- B
ple. It guarantees the force-fit retention force of the operating
piston. The same principle is applied for the changeover valve
of the control module ➄ with closing and opening magnet.
➃
Activation of the hydraulic pump charges the disk spring col-
umn with oil under high pressure. Hereby the volume below
the operating piston ➅ serves as high pressure reservoir.
Simultaneously the high pressure is working on the piston
rod of the operating piston and the valve rod of the control
module. When the spring column is fully charged, the motor
current is interrupted with the help of a micro switch. Due to
the differential principle of the operating piston, the change- ➅
over valve and consequently the operating mechanism are
securely held in “OPEN” position.
➄
C Operating mechanism in “CLOSED” position, springs charged
Activation of the closing magnet results in a fast movement of C
the changeover valve. Thus, the area beneath the piston rod
is connected with the high pressure reservoir. Now, system
pressure is applied to both sides of the piston. Note that the
area beneath the operating piston rod is greater than the
opposite area. Therefore, the operating piston moves into
CLOSED-direction. As long as the high pressure is applied on
the area beneath the piston rod the operating piston remains
in CLOSED-position. Before the operating piston reaches its
end position the integrated hydraulic damper uniformly slows
down the movement.

When the OPENING magnet is actuated, the changeover

valve switches over to its original position. Now the area Low pressure
beneath the operating piston rod is loaded with low pressure. System pressure

The piston rod is again securely held in position “OPEN”.

Gas-insulated Switchgear ELK-04 | Circuit Breaker Operating Mechanism 9

Disconnector and Earthing Switch

Integrated technology Busbar disconnector and earthing switch module

Two different types of enclosures are available to integrate The busbar module of the combined disconnector and
the combined disconnector and earthing switch into the earthing switch contains the busbar conductors and in
building block system. On the busbar side an enclosure with addition thereto a transversal arranged three position switch.
3 flanges is usually applied. On the feeder side the enclosure This guarantees that the circuit breaker can safely be dis-
typically contains 4 flanges. Both types are made up of the connected and earthed.
same elements under high voltage.
To provide for a safe coupling between the individual bays,
For maximum safety, both the disconnector and the earthing this disconnector and earthing switch is equipped with a
switch are equipped with separate control units. flexible transverse assembly element. Plug-in contacts in the
transverse assembly element connect the busbar conductors.
Thus, inadvertent mechanical or electrical operation is pre- Hence, alternations in length caused by temperature fluctu-
vented. ations are compensated. Mechanical strains on the insulators
due to different heat up of the individual conductors and the
enclosures are thus completely avoided.

1 Busbar conductors | 2 Disconnector and earthing switch (feeder side) | 3 Open view of operating mechanism

1 2

10 Disconnector and Earthing Switch | Gas-insulated Switchgear ELK-04

Feeder disconnector and earthing switch module The standardized operating mechanism of the disconnector
The feeder sided disconnector and earthing switch module and earthing switch module contains all components needed
allows the connection of a voltage transformer. The electri- to ensure safe mechanical movement as well as interlocking.
cal connection can be made either ahead of or behind the
insulating distance. This means, the voltage can be measured Position indicators and auxiliary switches are positively con-
either on the station or line side. The connecting flange of the nected to the operating mechanism. Their contacts switch
voltage transformer also serves as a test flange for the high over directly before the main contacts reach their end position.
voltage test of the substation or the cable. By that, a real image of the main contact position is always
assured. By means of a crank handle, manual operation of the
In general this module is combined with a voltage trans- disconnector and earthing switch is possible as well.
former, a make-safe earthing switch and a cable end unit
or a gas-insulated line. In addition a module with isolated There is no need to open the operating mechanism to perform
earthing contacts is available. an interlocking and a mechanical operation.

Integrated, proven and tested

technology for the disconnector and
earthing switch and their operating
mechanism.
Busbar disconnector and earthing switch Feeder disconnector and earthing switch
Standardized operating mechanisms

➁ ➀ ➂ ➃ ➂ ➀ ➁ ➃

➀ Three position switch

➁ Disconnector contact
➂ Earthing contact
➃ Barrier insulator
➄ Support insulator
➅ Transverse assembly element
➆ IEC dry type cable connection

Gas-insulated Switchgear ELK-04 | Disconnector and Earthing Switch 11

Make-Proof Earthing Switch

Mechanical routine test of the make-proof earthing switch

Maximum security by full short circuit current withstand protective relays, cable checks and location of cable
capability defects considerably. During operation, the insulation is
The make-proof earthing switch can safely switch against short-circuited.
full short circuit current. This module can be placed on the
feeder side or on the busbar side. It drastically reduces the
effects of incorrect switching operation. The make-proof
earthing switch is equipped with a spring operating mecha- Make-proof earthing switch
nism to ensure very fast switching. The operating mechanism
is loaded by an electrical motor and contains all required
components for a safe mechanical movement as well as
electrical interlocking.

Position indicators and auxiliary switches are positively con-

nected to the operating mechanism in the same manner as
for the disconnector and earthing switch module. In that way,
an accurate indication of the main contact position is always
assured. Manual operation of the make-proof earthing switch
is possible via a crank handle as well.

The closed make-proof earthing switch can be isolated from

the operational earthed enclosure during an inspection. ➀ Contact pin
It is therefore possible to create an electrical connection from ➁ Female contact
outside the housing of the earthing switch via the movable ➂ Insulation ➃ ➂ ➀ ➁
contact pins (which are insulated from each other) to the ➃ Earthing connection
main circuit. This facilitates the adjustment and check of the

12 Make-Proof Earthing Switch | Gas-insulated Switchgear ELK-04

Cable End Unit, Gas-to-Air Bushings

1 2

1 Plug-in dry type cable connection | 2 SF6-Gas-to-air bushing to connect overhead lines

Cable end unit SF6-gas-to-air bushing

Although cables of virtually any type can be connected to The gas-to-air bushing allows the transition from the encapsu-
the gas insulated switchgear via the cable end unit, XLPE lated substation to overhead lines or to transformers.
and fluid filled cables are most commonly deployed.
Composite material bushings are preferably applied. They are
All cable end units conform to IEC 62271-209. This guaran- characterized by a fiber-reinforced supporting bus duct, made
tees compatibility with all cable manufacturers. Additionally, of epoxy resin with vulcanized shields, realized by silicone
custom cable end units can be developed for special cables rubber. These bushings are fail-safe, explosion-proof and easy
if necessary. to handle. Due to the hydrophobic insulation material they
show an excellent pollution layer characteristic. Upon custom-
The main elements of the plug-in cable connections are er request, classical bushings with porcelain insulation can
the plug-in sockets made of epoxy resin and the cable also be provided.
connectors with the pre-manufactured stress-cones made
of silicone rubber. An advantage is present in the consistent
separation of the switchgear installation from the cable Optimum grid integration of the switch-
installation. gear due to a wide range of cable end
For other types of fluid filled cables, a cable end unit with units and gas-to-air bushings.
longer cable insulators can be selected. Optionally all cable
end units can be equipped with a high voltage detection
system and/or a barrier insulator to separate the gas com-
partment from the remaining part of the bay. Note a sepa-
ration of the gas compartment makes only sense in case
of a fluid filled cable end unit.

Gas-insulated Switchgear ELK-04 | Cable End Unit, Gas-to-Air Bushings 13

Current and Voltage Transformers

Inductive instrument transformers for metering and Inductive current transformers

protection The current transformer is designed as a low voltage trans-
For measurement and protection purposes inductive, single- former. The available transformation ratios, apparent output
phase current and voltage transformers are used, sometimes power, accuracy classes, etc. of the transformers correspond
also three phase modern current and voltage sensors. to the normal requirements of modern protection and meas-
urement technology.
In general voltage transformers are located in a single en-
closure, separated from the residual part of the bay with Current transformers are of toroidal core type. Depending on
a barrier insulator. The current transformer is normally inte- the protection concept they can be arranged in front of or
grated in the circuit breaker. Alternatively, a solution in a behind the circuit breaker’s interrupting unit. Usually current
separate enclosure can be selected. The primary sided in- transformers are integrated into the flanges of the circuit
sulation is provided by SF6-gas for both, current and voltage breaker enclosure. Depending on the apparent output power
transformers. The terminals of the secondary windings are different separate enclosures with large and small flange con-
interfaced to the substation via a terminal box consisting nections are available as well.
of a multiple bushing disk and terminal blocks.

Assembly of integrated current transformer

14 Current and Voltage Transformers | Gas-insulated Switchgear ELK-04

Voltage transformer Separate current transformer
➂
➂
➅
➅
➁
➀
➀ Primary sided winding ➀
➁ Secondary sided ➁
windings with cores
➂ Terminal box ➃
➃ Barrier insulator ➄
➄ Support insulator
➅ Multiple bushing disk ➃

Inductive voltage transformer The voltage transformer contains side by side windings. The
Besides the standardized versions, the voltage transformer layers loaded with high voltage are insulated from each other
portfolio contains variants with ferro-resonance damping by a plastic film. The intermediate spaces are impregnated in
as well as voltage transformers with an integrated isolation a special process with SF6-gas.
device. In the latter case a motor operated isolation device
and a manually operated isolation device are available.
Voltage transformers with integrated isolation devices are Reliable and long lasting inductive
usually applied, when a cable test with a high DC voltage current and voltage transformers –
on the feeder side is performed and the voltage transformer
was connected to the feeder sided cable. for maximum safety and for high
measurement accuracy.
On the secondary side of the voltage transformer, meas-
urement windings and an open delta winding for earth fault
detection can be provided.

1 Manually operated isolation device | 2 Typical voltage transformer with terminal box and rupture disk

1 2

Gas-insulated Switchgear ELK-04 | Current and Voltage Transformers 15

Completion Modules

Completion modules to reach a perfect modularity Bus ducts

In addition to the essential functional modules a complete Bus duct pieces are mainly used in case of a connection to a
configuration of a substation may require different completion gas-to-air bushing or a SF6-insulated connections to a power
modules. These are mainly: transformer. For that purpose, bus ducts with a total length of
6 m at 170 kV, 3150 A and 63 kA are available.
− Adapters
− Bus ducts and angle pieces T- and cross pieces
− T- und cross pieces T- and cross pieces are basically required in case of a current
− Transformer direct connections tee junction. The enclosures are identical with those used for
− Surge arrester the disconnector and earthing switch.

These modules are equipped with a support or barrier Transformer direct connections
insulator. Plug-in and tulip contacts serve to connect With transformer direct connections a power transformer
the conductors. can be connected directly to the switchgear via SF6-insulation.
A connection with a SF6-gas-to-air bushing is not required
Adapters any longer. Depending on the type and size of the power
Adapters are required to extend phased-out products that transformer, three phase and three phase/single phase types
ABB ever produced in the voltage range of 52 up to 170 kV. of transformer direct connections are available.
Besides pure three phase adapters, single phase to three
phase adapters are available as well.

In addition, adapters to connect flanges with large and small

diameter are at hand.

ELK-04 in ring bus arrangement

16 Completion Modules | Gas-insulated Switchgear ELK-04

Surge arresters Gas compartment system
Surge arresters are used to protect the switchgear itself, For the circuit breaker SF6-gas serves as a quenching and
connected cables and down-stream overvoltage sensitive insulating medium. For all other compartments SF6-gas is
components like power transformers. They consist of required as insulation medium. The gas compartments are
stacked ZnO-discs resistors and show an extremely non- partitioned by barrier insulators. In each module the gas
linear voltage-current characteristic. Surge arresters are density is monitored by temperature compensated pressure
available with different voltage protection levels and line relays (density relays).
discharge classes (LD3 und LD4).
All gas compartments are equipped with a non-return valve.
Gas insulated surge arresters are mounted in a typical bus Accordingly, maintenance, taking gas samples or refilling of
duct. They can be interfaced to the switchgear with a stand- SF6-gas can be performed without any problems.
ard barrier insulator.
For reasons of occupational safety and environment pro-
tection, ABB does neither offer nor deliver any external gas
piping, neither for permanent nor for temporary use.

Completion modules assure an

almost unlimited flexibility in switchgear
configuration.

1 Three phase power transformer direct connection | 2 Temperature compensated gas pressure relay with scale

1 2

Gas-insulated Switchgear ELK-04 | Completion Modules 17

Control and Monitoring

Conventional local control cabinet On the front panel of the control cabinet the single line
All auxiliary electrical components for control, signalization, diagram of the switchgear with embedded position indicators
interlocking etc. are located in separate on-site control and related control buttons are displayed. Key switches are
cabinets. The main functions of the local control cabinet are: in place for overriding the interlocking of switching devices,
or for switching over from local to remote control.
−− Local operation and visualization of the switching status
by control buttons and position indicators The high voltage switching devices are connected to the
− − Protection of operators and the switchgear control cabinet by control cables with coded heavy duty
by realization of interlocking functions connectors. These connections are assembled and tested in
− − Acquisition and visualization of operational measurement the factory. Inside the control cabinet all signals to the station
values (voltage, current) control centre are fixed on terminal blocks. The connection is
− − Visualization and handling of alarms, warnings realized by control cables. Alternatively the control cabinets
and operation counters. can be connected by a digital communication protocol.

ELK-04 in double bus bar arrangement with integrated local control cabinets

18 Control and Monitoring | Gas-insulated Switchgear ELK-04

Digital control and protection Connection to station control
Several digital control and protection devices are available Communication between bay devices and the device on
that can be configured according to the desired control and station level uses solely the new standardized communication
protection philosophy. In case of digital control technology, protocol IEC 61850. Other proprietary communication pro-
the single line diagram with position indicators and control tocols (e. g. LON) or IEC 60870/5-103, Modbus or Profibus
buttons is replaced by a digital human-machine interface. are available as well.

Digital control devices provide the same functions as conven-

tional control technology. Furthermore a lot of versatile, ad- Conventional and digital control
ditional control and protection functions can be implemented: and protection for high availability
−− Synchro-check of the switchgear.
−− Auto re-closing
−− Operating frequency supervision
−− Fault recorder
−− Backup protection

1 Human-machine interface of digital control device | 2 Local control cabinets with digital control and protection

12 2

Gas-insulated Switchgear ELK-04 | Control and Monitoring 19

Control and Supervision

Digital monitoring systems Monitoring systems are advantageous especially for impor-
Either the conventional or the digital control technology is tant keypoint substations or in substations where no or only
completed by digital monitoring systems. These systems reduced service personnel is available. Currently available
operate as an add-on to the existing control technology and monitoring functions are:
do not interact with the switchgear protection.
−− High voltage detection system, applicable e. g. for
That means a malfunction of the monitoring system has no in- interlocking of an earthing switch against an energized
fluence on the control or protection function of the switchgear. incoming cable
Monitoring systems increase the already very high reliability of − − Arc detection for fast protection of the switchgear
gas-insulated switchgear furthermore. or identification of affected gas compartments
−− Partial discharge measurement for preventive
Monitoring systems improve the overall availability by conti- investigation of isolation defects
nuous supervision of all vital functions of the switchgear. This −− Circuit breaker supervision including monitoring
ensures an early detection of critical situations and scheduling of mechanical and electric functions of the breaker
of countermeasures into non-critical times. and contact wear estimation
− − Circuit breaker operating mechanism supervision
−− Monitoring of all gas compartments with discrete limits
and trend analysis

All available monitoring systems are designed as modular

components in the same manner as for the primary compo-
nents. They can be tailor-made.

Substation control with digital control

20 Control and Supervision | Gas-insulated Switchgear ELK-04

In the figures on the right some screenshots clarify the Example navigation after service request when reaching
navigation through the user software. The pictures show approx. 10000 operations
a possible sequence after a service request triggered by
operation count. A

A Station view
Starting at station overview a red colored button indicates
a pending service request in bay E01.

B Bay view B
In the underlying hierarchy level, the bay view, the circuit
breaker is marked as affected component. At the bottom
of the screen all supervision events are listed.

C Detail view C
From the bay view one gets to the detail view which displays
all current data of the circuit breaker as operation count,
the timing behavior of the circuit breaker and contact wear
estimation. In the shown example the operation count has
reached 9231 and reported since the circuit breaker should
be overhauled after 10000 operations.

Further views allow visualization of the data in a time related

diagram to allow better investigation. Naturally all acquired
data are reported and archived and can be exported to run a
more detailed analysis.

Gas-insulated Switchgear ELK-04 | Control and Supervision 21

Combination of Modules

Optimized building block system, leaves almost nothing Gas-insulated switchgear of type ELK-04 is suited for indoor
to be desired and outdoor application. It is always the right choice, when
Since the market launch in the year 1992 the gas-insulated reduced space availability is an important selection criteri-
switchgear of type ELK-04 was consistently further devel- on. Consequently, supply of electrical energy in cities, urban
oped, resulting in a highly standardized building block system. centers and industrial complexes is assured by the ELK-04.
This building block system is characterized by the fact that Due to the full encapsulated parts under high voltage, gas-
a wide variety of technical requirements can be met with insulated switchgear is perfectly suited at places where harsh
a limited number of modules. This counts for the primary environmental conditions are prevalent.
components e. g. the interrupting units in the circuit breaker
modules and their operating mechanisms. It guarantees an Because of the modular design, all normal substation layouts
optimum layout of the complete switchgear with respect to can be realized in an optimal way. Depending on priority,
different rated voltages 72.5/123/145/170 kV, rated different different requirements like building dimensions, subsequent
short circuit currents 40/50/63 kA as well as for different rated substation extensions, security of energy supply, clear arran-
normal currents of 2500/3150/4000 A. gement of substation layout, accessibility, protection concept
etc. can be considered.
The standardized module portfolio assures an easy and cost-
efficient extension of old gas insulated switchgear. Moreover, The following examples demonstrate the flexibility of the
it is conveniently suited for replacement of conventional air- system and should motivate conception and planning of new
insulated switchgear by gas-insulated switchgear. substations.

No other switchgear manufacturer has such a complete range

of modules available for rated voltages from 52 up to 170 kV.

Combination of modules for a double busbar bay with integrated local control cabinet

➀ Busbar with disconnector

and earthing switch
➁ Circuit breaker
➂ Current transformer
➃ Voltage transformer ➃
➄ Feeder side disconnector
and earthing switch ➄
➅ Make-proof earthing switch
➆ Cable end unit ➅
➇ Local control cabinet

➆
➇

➀ ➁ ➂

22 Combination of Modules | Gas-insulated Switchgear ELK-04

Combination of modules for an optimal customization of the switchgear exemplary shown for different rated values
(all metrics in mm)

3200
2950

2550
2350

5325 4825

170 kV, 50 kA, 4000 A 145 kV, 63 kA, 3150 A

2900
2350

2350

2700
4300 3600

145 kV, 40 kA, 3150 A 145 kV, 40 kA, 2500 A

Single line of a double busbar bay The unique combination variety evolved
from decades of ABB experience and
imposed by market requirements results
in a consistently further development
➀ and a continuously improvement of the
➁
ELK-04.

➀ Disconnector ➃
and earthing switch
➁ Circuit breaker ➄
➂ Current transformer
➃ Disconnector ➅
and earthing switch
➄ Voltage transformer ➆
➅ Make-proof earthing switch
➆ Cable end unit

Gas-insulated Switchgear ELK-04 | Combination of Modules 23

Execution Examples

Double busbar arrangement the substation equipment as result of reduced short circuit
This arrangement is most common for important key point withstand capability and longer maintenance intervals. In ad-
substations, power plant feed-in etc. dition, it guarantees greater safety of energy supply.

If both busbars are operated with the same priority – instead Especially the different coupling variants show a wide range of
of the operating method with main and reserve busbars – applications: Two examples are the simple bus coupling or the
the principle of busbar separation can be applied to reduce combined sectionalizing and bus coupling with six or eight
the short circuit current. Both busbars and their feeders are disconnector switches. Double disconnector switches allow
part of separate sub-grids. If required, individual feeders can even subsequent high voltage tests after station extensions or
be allocated to the other sub-grid. This concept relieves maintenance during partially normal operation.

Gas scheme and single line for double busbar arrangement

E01 E02 E03 E04 E05 E06 E07

Isometric projection for double busbar arrangement with integrated local control cabinets

24 Execution Examples | Gas-insulated Switchgear ELK-04

1½-circuit breaker arrangement Such grids or substations are usually operated in such a way
The 1½-breaker arrangement is a traditional circuitry. that all switches are closed. Each feeder is then fed from
In this case especially the non-availability of the circuit two sides, so that even a faulty busbar can be switched off
breaker during maintenance is taken into consideration. without any outage.

Gas scheme and single line for 1½-circuit breaker arrangement

E01 E02 E03 E04 E05 E06 E07 E08 E09

Isometric projection of a 1½-circuit breaker arrangement with separated local control cabinets

Gas-insulated Switchgear ELK-04 | Execution Examples 25

Execution Examples

Single busbar arrangement

The layout of a substation with single busbar arrangement is
similar to that of a double busbar one’s. Either the lower or
upper busbar is not applicable. A single busbar arrangement
can later be upgraded to a double busbar arrangement, when
appropriate connection flanges are provided on the circuit
breakers already on the initial version. Smaller substations or
single-feed stations are frequently designed with single busbar
arrangement.

Gas scheme and single line for single busbar arrangement

E01 E02 E03 E04 E05 E06 E07

Isometric projection of a single busbar arrangement with integrated local control cabinets

26 Execution Examples | Gas-iInsulated Switchgear ELK-04

Ring busbar arrangement H-busbar arrangement
Similar to the 1½-breaker arrangement, even in case of circuit The H-busbar arrangement is often used to supply industrial
breaker maintenance the ring busbar arrangement allows an enterprises or smaller regions. With respect to supply reliabi-
uninterrupted operation of all cable and line feeders. With this lity two feeding lines and two step-down transformers are
circuit, the number of circuit breakers and the cable as well optimal. The station can be operated as a double-feed sta-
as line feeders is equal. Consequently, in general this kind of tion, with closed cross connection as a ring substation as
arrangement is more inexpensive compared to a well. If a subsequent extension of the substation is under
version based on 1½-breaker per feeder. consideration, a layout with single busbar and section
coupling is selected. Later, this substation can be upgraded
to double busbar arrangement and bus coupling. When
further extensions are not planned, the compact version
without busbar is selected.

Gas scheme and single line for ring busbar Gas scheme and single line for H-busbar arrangement
arrangement

E01 E02 E03 E04

E01 E02 E03 E04

Isometric projection of a ring busbar arrangement Isometric projection of a H-busbar arrangement with
with integrated local control cabinets integrated local control cabinets

Gas-insulated Switchgear ELK-04 | Execution Examples 27

Value Added, Innovation, Quality

Complete process chain from R & D up to substation The unique value added in relation with a consequent, all-
commissioning and beyond over quality management over the complete process chain
Over the entire life cycle highest availability and profitability guarantees a high standard of our products. Input from
characterizes ABB gas-insulated switchgear. For the current actual research activities, latest state-of-the-art production
gas-insulated switchgear portfolio and a rated voltage from technique and application relevant evaluations lead to further
52 kV up to 170 kV the experience of more than 4 decades is developments, improvements and optimization of all our com-
reflected. ponents and modules.

The know-how, the creativity and the engagement of our

specialists lead to innovative products again and again and
an all-time system competence for our customers.

1 Final inspection area of switchgear bays in the factory | 2 Assembly of a bay | 3 Fully automated electroplating of conductor parts

2 3

28 Value Added, Innovation, Quality | Gas-insulated Switchgear ELK-04

Engineering, Project Handling, Service

Engineering and project handling Service

Our experts collaborate with our customers, from the first As one of the leading manufacturers of gas-insulated switch-
meeting up to the scheduled commissioning of a substation gear, ABB has a worldwide service organization with a very
and beyond. well trained and fast reacting team.
ABB personnel at site support our customers in retrofit of old
This comprises a comprehensive study of all requirements at substations with new technology, easy extension of old sub-
site, power system planning, planning and configuration of stations with new modules, replacement of single modules or
the substation with primary technology, protection and con- components or other kind of service activities.
trol technology, production, assembly and test in the factory,
transport of the pre-manufactured modules, installation at By that, for our customers worldwide an excellent investment
site, filling of gas compartments, commissioning and handing protection results.
over at site as well as substation specific training of staff.
Our project handling is well defined and optimized by many Smooth, fast project handling and
projects. By that, our customers gain more confidence, time service at site – for maximum customer
and a not inconsiderable cost benefit. They achieve a faster
amortization of their investment. benefit.

Teamwork together with our customer

Gas-insulated Switchgear ELK-04 | Engineering, Project Handling, Service 29

Summary, Technical Data

The gas-insulated switchgear of type ELK-04 represents the as for all secondary technology components. Transport,
ideal solution for a reliable and environmentally friendly energy installation and commissioning can be arranged easily
supply up to a rated voltage of 170 kV, a rated normal current and fast due to the pre-manufactured and pre-tested
up to 4000 A and a rated short circuit current up to 63 kA. components and modules.
The space saving, modular design and the high reliability
guarantee an energy efficient usage not only in areas of high
population density and at all other places, where a high ener- High availability with reduced operating
gy demand is requested. Moreover, already by now ELK-04 is and maintenance costs guarantees
an inherent part of regenerative energy sources like offshore
wind farms or hydropower stations. excellent substation productivity.

Since the market launch in the year 1992 the gas-insulated ELK-04, a future-proof decision.
switchgear of type ELK-04 provides worldwide a valuable
contribution to a reliable energy supply. ELK-04 meets a
wide variety of technical requirements with a limited number
of volume optimized modules. This applies for all primary
technology components (parts under high voltage) as well

ELK-04 in 1½-circuit breaker arrangement, outdoor installation in front of a conventional air-insulated switchgear

30 Summery, Technical Data | Gas-insulated Switchgear ELK-04

Rated Values according to IEC

Operating voltage kV 72,5 123/126 145 170

Operating frequency Hz 50/60 50/60 50/60 50/60

Lightning impulse withstand voltage against earth kV 325 550 650 750

Lightning impulse withstand voltage across isolating distance kV 375 630 750 860
Power frequency withstand voltage against earth kV 140 230 275 325
Power frequency withstand voltage across isolating distance kV 160 265 315 375
Normal current A 1250–4000
Peak withstand current kA 80–164 80–130
Short circuit breaking current kA 31.5–63 31.5–50
Minimum insulating gas pressure at 20 °C kPa 520/600
Minimum quenching gas pressure at 20 °C kPa 600/630
Permissible ambient temperature °C -30/+40
Encapsulation three-phase
Location of installation indoor/outdoor
Dimensions m 1.0 x 3.6 x 2.7 – 1.2 x 5.3 x 3.2
(for double busbar bay
with integrated local control cabinet
and voltage transformer)
Weight kg 2400 – 3800
(for double busbar bay)
Circuit breaker operating mechanism hydromechanical,
with energy storage in spring

The above data should not be understood as limiting values. Further data upon request.

Gas-insulated Switchgear ELK-04 | Summery, Technical Data 31

Contact us

ABB AG Note:

1HDX 580101 EN Printed in Germany (07.09-1000-GD) Kraft & Partner Werbeagentur · Leimen
High Voltage Products We reserve the right to make technical changes or modify the contents
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the agreed particulars shall prevail. ABB AG does not accept any responsibility
63457 Hanau-Großauheim, Germany
whatsoever for potential errors or possible lack of information in this document.
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