Database Management System: Introduction of DBMS

Database Management System
Introduction of DBMS
PERSONAL INFORMATION
Instructor: Asmatullah Haroon
Bs Software Engineering (IIUI)

Database Technology Application: Oracle 10g
E-mail:
asmatullah.bsse2685@iiu.edu.pk
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DATABASE:
A database is an organized collection
of information.
DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
(DBMS):
To manage databases we need DBMS. A DBMS
is a program that stores, retrieves, and modifies data
in the databases on request.
 RELATIONAL DASTABASE MANAGEMENT
SYSYTEM:
A Relational Database is a collection of relations
of two dimensional tables.
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 TERMINOLOGIES USED IN RDBMS:
1) Table:
A Table is the basic storage structure of an
RDBMS. A table stores all the data necessary about
something in the real world.
Example:
Employees.
2) Single Row or Tuple:
Representing all data required for a particular
employee. Each row in a table may be identified by a
Primary Key, which allows no duplicate rows.
3) Column or Attribute:
Usually refers to a characteristic of an entity.
4) Primary Key:
A Field which uniquely identifies a row.
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5) Foreign Key:
A Foreign Key is a column that identifies
how tables relate to each other. A foreign key
refers to a Primary Key in another table.
RELATING MULTIPLE TABLES.
 Each row of data in a table is uniquely identified by
a Primary Key.
 You can logically relate data from multiple tables
using foreign keys.
Example:
EMP may have empno,ename,job,deptno where
empno is a primary key and deptno is a foreign key.
DEPT may have deptno,dname,loc where deptno

is a primary key.
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GUIDELINES FOR PRIMARY AND FOREIGN KEYS:
 No duplicate values are allowed in a primary key.
 Primary keys generally cannot be changed.
 Foreign keys are based on data values and are
purely logical, not physical pointers.
 A foreign key must match an existing primary key
or else be null.
RELATIONAL DATABASE PROPERTIES:
A relational database
 Can be accessed and modified by executing
Structured Query Language (SQL).
 Contains a collection of tables with no physical
pointer
 Use a set of operators for partitioning and
combining relations e.g
where clause, orderby clause.
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Common Data types used in Databases:
DATATYPE SIZE TYPE OF DATA HOLD
CHAR 255 characters Characters
VARCHAR2 > 2000 characters Character
NUMBER 9.99 * 10¹²⁴ Integer, Float
DATE DD-MON-YY Date and time
LONG 65,535 characters Binary Data.
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Common Data types used in MS Access:
DATA TYPE TYPE OF DATA HOLD
TEXT Character
MEMO Character
DATE/TIME Date & Time
NUMBER Integer, Long Integer , Decimal etc.
CURRENCY Dollar , Euro etc
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SQL (Structured Query Language):
ANSI SQL is divided into five different sections.

1) Data Retrieval:
Select.
2) Data Manipulation Language (DML):
Insert, Update, Delete , Merge
3) Data Definition Language (DDL):
Create, Alter, Drop, Rename, Truncate.
4) Data Control Language (DCL):
Grant, Revoke.
5) Transaction Control:
Commit, Rollback, Savepoint.
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PL/SQL:
PL/SQL is an extension to SQL with

design features of programming
language.
Data manipulation and query statements

of SQL are included within procedural
units of code.
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Oracle10g Features
 Oracle offers a comprehensive high-performance

infrastructure for e-business. It is called Oracle.
 Oracle10g can support up to 512 Peta Bytes (1024 Tera
Bytes) of data.
 Oracle10g includes everything needed to develop, deploy,
and manage Internet applications.
 Benefits include:
1. Scalability from departments to enterprise e-business sites
2. Robust reliable, available, secure architecture
3. One development model, easy deployment options
4. Leverage an organization’s current skillset throughout the
Oracle platform (including SQL, PL/SQL, Java, and XML)
5. One management interface for all applications
6. Industry standard technologies, no proprietary lock-in
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There are two products, Oracle10g Application Server and
Oracle10g Database, that provide a complete and simple
infrastructure for Internet applications.
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System Development Life Cycle
 From concept to production, you can develop a database by
using the system development life cycle, which contains
multiple stages of development.
 This top-down, systematic approach to database
development transforms business information requirements
into an operational database.
Strategy and Analysis

 Study and analyze the business requirements.
 Interview users and managers to identify the information
requirements.
 Incorporate the enterprise and application mission
statements as well as any future system specifications.
 Build models of the system.
 Transfer the business narrative into a graphical
representation of business information needs and rules.
Confirm and refine the model with the analysts and experts.
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Design
 Design the database based on the model developed in the
strategy and analysis phase.
Build and Document
 Build the prototype system.
 Write and execute the commands to create the tables and
supporting objects for the database.
 Develop user documentation, Help text, and operations
manuals to support the use and operation of the system.
Transition
 Refine the prototype.
 Move an application into production with user acceptance
testing, conversion of existing data, and parallel operations.
Make any modifications required.
Production
 Roll out the system to the users.
 Operate the production system. Monitor its performance, and
enhance and refine the system.
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Database Management System: Introduction of DBMS

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Database Management System: Introduction of DBMS

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Database Management System

Bs Software Engineering (IIUI)

DEPT may have deptno,dname,loc where deptno

DATATYPE SIZE TYPE OF DATA HOLD

CHAR 255 characters Characters

VARCHAR2 > 2000 characters Character

NUMBER 9.99 * 10¹²⁴ Integer, Float

DATE DD-MON-YY Date and time

LONG 65,535 characters Binary Data.

DATE/TIME Date & Time

NUMBER Integer, Long Integer , Decimal etc.

CURRENCY Dollar , Euro etc

ANSI SQL is divided into five different sections.

PL/SQL is an extension to SQL with

Data manipulation and query statements

 Oracle offers a comprehensive high-performance

Strategy and Analysis

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