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3/24/2019 OLA 4
WebAssign ERVIN JAN SAMSON

OLA 4 (Lab) GED102_B13_3Q1819 Term3, section B13, Spring 2019
Instructor: Chan Hoe
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3/24/2019 OLA 4
1. 18/18 points | Previous AnswersAufExc4 4.1.002.
A total of 25 teacher aides are to be apportioned among seven classes at a new elementary school. The
enrollment in each of the seven classes is shown in the following table.
Number of
Class
students
Kindergarten 38
First grade 39
Second grade 35
Third grade 27
Fourth grade 21
Fifth grade 31
Sixth grade 33
Total 224
(a) Determine the standard divisor.

8.96
What is the meaning of the standard divisor in the context of this exercise?
There is one aide for every 8.96 students.
(b) Use the Hamilton method to determine the number of teacher aides to be apportioned to each
class.
Hamilton
Class
method
Kindergarten 4
First grade 4
Second grade 4
Third grade 3
Fourth grade 2
Fifth grade 4
Sixth grade 4
(c) Use the Jefferson method to determine the number of teacher aides to be apportioned to each
class.
Jefferson
Class
method
Kindergarten 4
First grade 5
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Second grade 4
Third grade 3
Fourth grade 2
Fifth grade 3
Sixth grade 4
Is this apportionment in violation of the quota rule?
Yes
No
(d) How do the apportionment results produced using the Jefferson method compare with the results
produced using the Hamilton method?
Using the Jefferson method, the sixth grade gets one more teacher's aide and the fourth
grade gets one less aide when compared to the Hamilton method.
Using the Jefferson method, the first grade gets one more teacher's aide and the fifth grade
gets one less aide when compared to the Hamilton method.
Using the Jefferson method, the fifth grade gets one more teacher's aide and the second
Using the Jefferson method, the second grade gets one more teacher's aide and the third
They are identical.
3/24/2019 OLA 4
A hospital district consists of six hospitals. The district administrators have decided that 48 new nurses should
be apportioned based on the number of beds in each of the hospitals. The following table shows the number of
beds in each hospital.
Hospital Number of beds
Sharp 242
Palomar 356
Tri-City 308
Del Raye 190
Rancho Verde 275
Bel Aire 410
Total 1781
(a) Determine the standard divisor. (Round your answer to two decimal places.)
37.10
What is the meaning of the standard divisor in the context of this exercise?
There is one new nurse for every 37.10 beds.
(b) Use the Hamilton method to determine the number of nurses to be apportioned to each hospital.
Hospital Hamilton
Sharp 7
Palomar 10
Tri-City 8
Del Raye 5
Rancho Verde 7
Bel Aire 11
(c) Use the Jefferson method to determine the number of nurses to be apportioned to each hospital.
Hospital Jefferson
Sharp 7
Palomar 10
Tri-City 8
Del Raye 5
Rancho Verde 7
Bel Aire 11
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(d) How do the apportionment results produced using the Jefferson method compare with the results
produced using the Hamilton method?
Using the Hamilton method, Sharp gets one less nurse and Palomar gets one more nurse
than from the Jefferson method.
They are identical.
Using the Jefferson method, Del Raye gets one less nurse and Sharp gets one more nurse
than from the Hamilton method.
Using the Hamilton method, Palomar gets one less nurse and Tri-City gets one more nurse
than from the Jefferson method.
Using the Jefferson method, Del Raye gets one less nurse and Bel Aire gets one more nurse
than from the Hamilton method.
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3. 6/6 points | Previous AnswersAufExc4 4.1.016.MI.
Consider the apportionment of 27 projectors for a school district with four campus locations labeled A, B, C,
and D. The following table shows the apportionment of the projectors using the Hamilton method.
Campus A B C D
Enrollment 822 1946 318 2736
Apportionment
4 9 1 13
of 27 projectors
(a) If the number of projectors to be apportioned increases from 27 to 28, what will be the
apportionment if the Hamilton method is used?
Campus A 4
Campus B 9
Campus C 2
Campus D 13
Did the Alabama paradox occur?
Yes
No
(b) If the number of projectors to be apportioned using the Hamilton method increases from 28 to 29,
will the Alabama paradox occur?
Yes
No
3/24/2019 OLA 4
The table below shows the number of computers that are assigned to four different schools and the number of
students in those schools. Use the Huntington-Hill apportionment principle to determine to which school a new
computer should be assigned.
Number of Number of
School
computers students
Rose 19 570
Lincoln 27 583
Midway 28 692
Valley 22 820
Rose
Lincoln
Midway
Valley
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The following table shows the enrollment for each of the four divisions of a college. The four divisions are
liberal arts, business, humanities, and science. There are 180 new computers that are to be apportioned
among the divisions based on the enrollments.
Division Enrollment
Liberal arts 3455
Business 5780
Humanities 1896
Science 4678
Total 15,809
Use the Webster method to apportion the computers. How do the apportionment results produced using the
Webster method compare with the results produced using the
(a) Hamilton method?
Using the Hamilton method, the business division gets one fewer PC and the humanities
division gets one more PC, compared with the Webster method.
Using the Hamilton method, the humanities division gets one fewer PC and the sciences
Using the Hamilton method, the liberal arts division gets one fewer PC and the business
The two methods yield the same result.
Using the Hamilton method, the sciences division gets one fewer PC and the liberal arts
(b) Jefferson method?
Using the Jefferson method, the liberal arts division gets one fewer PC and the business
Using the Jefferson method, the humanities division gets one fewer PC and the sciences
Using the Jefferson method, the business division gets one fewer PC and the humanities
Using the Jefferson method, the sciences division gets one fewer PC and the liberal arts
The two methods yield the same result.
3/24/2019 OLA 4
The table below shows the populations of five European countries. A committee of 20 people from these countries
is to be formed using the Webster method of apportionment.
Country Population
France 66,550,000
Germany 80,850,000
Italy 61,860,000
Spain 48,150,000
Belgium 11,320,000
Total 268,730,000
(a) Explain why 13,500,000 cannot be used as a modified standard divisor.
It yields 21 committee members which is too many .
(b) Explain why 13,750,000 can be used as a modified standard divisor.
It yields 20 committee members.
(c) Use the Webster apportionment method to determine the apportionment of the 20 committee members.
Country Population Members
France 66,550,000 5
Germany 80,850,000 6
Italy 61,860,000 4
Spain 48,150,000 4
Belgium 11,320,000 1
Total 268,730,000
3/24/2019 OLA 4
Sixteen people were asked to rank three breakfast cereals in order of preference. Their responses are given
below.
1 1 1 2 3 3 2 2
Corn Flakes
1 3 3 3 1 2 1 2
3 3 2 3 1 2 1 1
Raisin Bran
2 1 2 2 3 1 3 3
2 2 3 1 2 1 3 3
Mini Wheats
3 2 1 1 2 3 2 1
If the plurality method of voting is used, which cereal is the group's first preference?
Corn Flakes
Raisin Bran
Mini Wheats
There is a tie between Corn Flakes, Raisin Bran and Mini Wheats.
There is no definitive winner.
3/24/2019 OLA 4
A kindergarten class was surveyed to determine the children's favorite cartoon characters among Mickey
Mouse, Bugs Bunny, and Scooby Doo. The students ranked the characters in order of preference; the results
are shown in the preference schedule below.
Rankings
Mickey Mouse 1 1 2 2 3 3
Bugs Bunny 2 3 1 3 1 2
Scooby Doo 3 2 3 1 2 1
Number of students: 5 4 6 5 5 8
(a) How many students are in the class?

33 students
(b) How many votes are required for a majority?

17 votes
(c) Using plurality voting, which character is the children's favorite?
Mickey Mouse
Bugs Bunny
Scooby Doo
There is a tie between Mickey Mouse and Bugs Bunny.
There is a tie between Mickey Mouse and Scooby Doo.
3/24/2019 OLA 4
Fifty consumers were surveyed about their movie watching habits. They were asked to rank the likelihood that
they would participate in each listed activity. The results are summarized in the table below.
Rankings
Stream online 2 3 1 2 1
Go to a theater 3 1 3 1 2
Rent a Blu-ray disc or DVD 1 2 2 3 3
Number of votes: 8 11 17 7 7
Using the Borda Count method of voting, which activity is the most popular choice among this group of
consumers?
stream online
go to a theater
rent a Blue-ray or DVD
3/24/2019 OLA 4
10.1/1 points | Previous AnswersAufExc4 4.2.017.MI.
A senior high school class held an election for class president. Instead of just voting for one candidate, the
students were asked to rank all four candidates in order of preference. The results are shown in the table
below.
Rankings
Raymond Lee 2 3 1 3 4 2
Suzanne Brewer 4 1 3 4 1 3
Elaine Garcia 1 2 2 2 3 4
Michael Turley 3 4 4 1 2 1
Number of votes: 16 21 25 15 18 13
Using the Borda Count method, which student should be class president?
Raymond Lee
Suzanne Brewer
Elaine Garcia
Michael Turley
3/24/2019 OLA 4
11.6/6 points | Previous AnswersAufExc4 4.2.017.MI.SA.
This question has several parts that must be completed sequentially. If you skip a part of the question, you
will not receive any points for the skipped part, and you will not be able to come back to the skipped part.
Tutorial Exercise
A senior high school class held an election for class president. Instead of just voting for one candidate, the
students were asked to rank all four candidates in order of preference. The results are shown in the table
below.
Rankings
Raymond Lee 2 3 1 3 4 2
Suzanne Brewer 4 1 3 4 1 3
Elaine Garcia 1 2 2 2 3 4
Michael Turley 3 4 4 1 2 1
Number of votes: 47 36 44 30 39 32
Using the Borda Count method, which student should be class president?
Part 1 of 3
Using the Borda Count method, each voter's first choice should receive 4 4 points, which is equal
to the number of candidates. Each second choice should receive one less point, or 3 3 points, and
so on.
Part 2 of 3
Find the total points for each candidate by multiplying the number of students who had each preference by the
number of points given to each preference and finding the sum.
Lee: 44 44 · 4 + 79 · 3 3 + (66 · 2) + (39 · 1) = 584 584
Brewer: (75 · 4) + 0 + (76 · 2) + (77 · 1) = 529
Garcia: (47 · 4) + (110 · 3) + (39 · 2) + (32 · 1) = 628
Turley: (62 · 4) + (39 · 3) + (47 · 2) + (80 · 1) = 539
Part 3 of 3
The president should be the person who got the most points. Who should be the president?
Raymond Lee
Suzanne Brewer
Elaine Garcia
Michael Turley
You have now completed the Master It.
3/24/2019 OLA 4
12.1/1 points | Previous AnswersAufExc4 4.2.020.
A number of college students were asked to rank four radio stations in order of preference. The responses are
given in the table below.
Rankings
WNNX 3 1 1 2 4
WKLS 1 3 4 1 2
WWVV 4 2 2 3 1
WSTR 2 4 3 4 3
Use plurality with elimination to determine the students' favorite radio station among the four.
WNNX
WKLS
WWVV
WSTR
All four radio stations are equally liked.
3/24/2019 OLA 4
A campus club has money left over in its budget and must spend it before the school year ends. The members
arrived at five different possibilities, and each member ranked them in order of preference. The results are
shown in the table below.
Rankings
Establish a scholarship 1 2 3 3 4
Pay for several members to travel to a convention 2 1 2 1 5
Buy new computers for the club 3 3 1 4 1
Throw an end-of-year party 4 5 5 2 2
Donate to charity 5 4 4 5 3
(a) Using the plurality voting system, how should the club spend the money?
establish a scholarship
pay for several members to travel to a convention
buy new computers for the club
throw an end-of-year party
donate to charity
(b) Use the plurality with elimination method to determine how the money should be spent.
donate to charity
(c) Using the Borda Count method of voting, how should the money be spent?
3/24/2019 OLA 4
donate to charity
Fans of the X-Men movies have been debating on an online forum regarding which of the films is the best. To see
what the overall opinion is, visitors to the site can rank the four films in order of preference. The results are
shown in the preference schedule below.
Rankings
X-Men 1 2 1 3
X2: X-Men United 4 4 2 1
X-Men: Days of Future Past 2 1 3 2
X-Men: First Class 3 3 4 4
Number of votes: 497 991 1036 481
Using pairwise comparison, which film is the favorite of the visitors to the site who voted?
X-Men
X2: X-Men United
X-Men: Days of Future Past
X-Men: First Class
No film is a definitive favorite.
3/24/2019 OLA 4
Three candidates are running for mayor. A vote was taken in which the candidates were ranked in order of
preference. The results are shown in the preference schedule below.
Rankings
John Lorenz 1 3 3
Marcia Beasley 3 1 2
Stephen Hyde 2 2 1
Number of votes: 2588 2262 226
(a) Use the Borda Count method to determine the winner of the election.
John Lorenz
Marcia Beasley
Stephen Hyde
There is a tie between Marcia Beasley and Stephen Hyde.
There is a tie between John Lorenz and Stephen Hyde.
(b) Verify that the majority criterion has been violated.
John Lorenz received the fewest number of first-place votes.
Marcia Beasley received the fewest number of first-place votes.
Stephen Hyde received the fewest number of first-place votes.
Marcia Beasley received no first-place votes.
John Lorenz received no first-place votes.
(c) Identify a candidate who wins all head-to-head comparisons.
John Lorenz
Marcia Beasley
Stephen Hyde
There is a tie between John Lorenz and Marcia Beasley.
3/24/2019 OLA 4
(d) Explain why the Condorcet criterion has been violated.
There is not a tie for first-place.
The candidate that wins all the head-to-head matches does not win the election.
No candidate got all of the votes.
The candidate that finishes in third-place should have won.
There is not a tie for second-place.
(e) If Marcia Beasley drops out of the race for mayor (and voter preferences remain the same),
determine the winner of the election again, using the Borda Count method.
John Lorenz
Marcia Beasley
Stephen Hyde
There is a tie between John Lorenz and Stephen Hyde.
(f) Explain why the independence of irrelevant alternatives criterion has been violated.
The candidate winning the original election did not remain the winner in a recount in which a
losing candidate withdrew from the race.
Since there were not three candidates, there has to be a re-vote.
The candidate that withdrew won the election.
Two candidates got the same number of votes.
The candidate winning the original election remained the winner in a recount in which a
losing candidate withdrew from the race.
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The weighted voting systems for the voters A, B, C, ... are given in the form q: w1, w2, w3, w4, ..., wn . The
weight of voter A is w1, the weight of voter B is w2, the weight of voter C is w3, and so on.
A weighted voting system is given by {15: 8, 5, 4, 2, 1}.
(a) What is the quota?

15
(b) How many voters are in this system?

5 voters
(c) What is the weight of voter C?

4
(d) What is the weight of the coalition {B, C}?

9
(e) Is {B, C, D, E} a winning coalition?
Yes
No
(f) Which voters are critical voters in the coalition {A, B, D}?
A and B
A and D
B and D
A, B, and D
(g) How many coalitions can be formed?

31 coalitions
(h) How many coalitions consist of exactly three voters?

10 coalitions
3/24/2019 OLA 4
17.5/5 points | Previous AnswersAufExc4 4.3.007.MI.
Calculate, if possible, the Banzhaf power index for each voter. Round to the nearest hundredth. (If not
possible, enter IMPOSSIBLE.)
{19: 14, 12, 4, 3, 1}

BPI(A) = 0.36
BPI(B) = 0.28
BPI(C) = 0.20
BPI(D) = 0.12
BPI(E) = 0.04
3/24/2019 OLA 4
18.7/7 points | Previous AnswersAufExc4 4.3.007.MI.SA.
This question has several parts that must be completed sequentially. If you skip a part of the question, you
will not receive any points for the skipped part, and you will not be able to come back to the skipped part.
Tutorial Exercise
Calculate, if possible, the Banzhaf power index for each voter. Round to the nearest hundredth.
{23: 16, 13, 6, 4, 1}
Part 1 of 2
To calculate the Banzhaf Power Index, it will be helpful to create a table labeling the critical voters for every
winning coalition. Complete this table by counting the weighted votes and comparing to the quota, 23.
Remember that a voter is critical if the coalition will not win without them.
Winning coalitions Critical voters
{A, B} A, B
{A, B, C} A, B
{A, B, D} A, B
{A, B, E} A, B
{A, C, D} A, C, D
{A, C, E} A, C, E
{B, C, D} B, C, D
{A, B, C, D} none
{A, B, C, E} A
A,
$$B
{A, B, D, E}
A,
$$C
{A, C, D, E}
B, C,
$$D
{B, C, D, E}
{A, B, C, D, E} none
Part 2 of 2
The Banzhaf Power index of a voter v, symbolized by BPI(v), is given by
number of times voter v is a critical voter
BPI(v) = .
number of times any voter is a critical voter
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Use this formula and the table above to find the BPI of each voter. Round your answers to two decimal places.
9
BPI(A) =
25
= 0.36
BPI(B) = 0.28 0.28
BPI(C) = 0.2 0.20
BPI(D) = 0.12 0.12
BPI(E) = 0.04 0.04

You have now completed the Master It.
Calculate, if possible, the Banzhaf power index for each voter. Round to the nearest hundredth. (If not
possible, enter IMPOSSIBLE.)
{74: 49, 35, 22, 15}

BPI(A) = 0.5
BPI(B) = 0.3
BPI(C) = 0.1
BPI(D) = 0.1
3/24/2019 OLA 4
20.3/3 points | Previous AnswersAufExc4 4.3.EX.005.
Blocking Coalitions and the Banzhaf Power Index

The four members, A, B, C, and D, of an organization adopted the weighted voting system {6: 4, 3, 2, 1}. The
table below shows the winning coalitions.
Winning coalition Number of votes Critical voters
{A, B} 7 A, B
{A, C} 6 A, C
{A, B, C} 9 A
{A, B, D} 8 A, B
{A, C, D} 7 A, C
{B, C, D} 6 B, C, D
{A, B, C, D} 10 None
5
Using the Banzhaf power index, we have BPI(A) = .
12
A blocking coalition is a group of voters who can prevent passage of a resolution. In this case, a critical
voter is one who leaves a blocking coalition, thereby producing a coalition that is no longer capable of
preventing the passage of a resolution. For the voting system on the preceding page, we have the following.
Blocking Number of Number of Critical

coalition votes remaining votes voters
{A, B} 7 3 A, B
{A, C} 6 4 A, C
{A, D} 5 5 A, D
{B, C} 5 5 B, C
{A, B, C} 9 1 None
{A, B, D} 8 2 A
{A, C, D} 7 3 A
{B, C, D} 6 4 B, C
If we count the number of times A is a critical voter in a winning or blocking coalition, we find what is called
the Banzhaf index. In this case, the Banzhaf index is 10 and we write BI(A) = 10. Using both the winning
coalition and the blocking coalition tables, we find that BI(B) = 6, BI(C) = 6, and BI(D) = 2. This information
can be used to create an alternative definition of the Banzhaf power index.
Applying this definition to the voting system given above, we have
3/24/2019 OLA 4
BI(A) 10 10 5
BPI(A) = = = = .
BI(A) + BI(B) + BI(C) + BI(D) 10 + 6 + 6 + 2 24 12
Watch the video below then answer the question.
Blocking Coalitions and the Banzhaf Power Index
View Transcript
Three members of a dictatorship, A, B, and C, have the weighted voting system {4: 4, 2, 1}. Calculate the
Banzhaf power index for each voter for this system using the alternative definition.
BPI(A) = 1
BPI(B) = 0
BPI(C) = 0

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3/24/2019 OLA 4

WebAssign ERVIN JAN SAMSON

1. 18/18 points | Previous AnswersAufExc4 4.1.002.

(a) Determine the standard divisor.

There is one aide for every 8.96 students.

Is this apportionment in violation of the quota rule?

They are identical.

2. 15/15 points | Previous AnswersAufExc4 4.1.011.

Hospital Number of beds

Del Raye 190

Rancho Verde 275

Bel Aire 410

There is one new nurse for every 37.10 beds.

They are identical.

3. 6/6 points | Previous AnswersAufExc4 4.1.016.MI.

Enrollment 822 1946 318 2736

Did the Alabama paradox occur?

4. 1/1 points | Previous AnswersAufExc4 4.1.023.

5. 2/2 points | Previous AnswersAufExc4 4.1.027.

Liberal arts 3455

(a) Hamilton method?

The two methods yield the same result.

(b) Jefferson method?

The two methods yield the same result.

6. 8/8 points | Previous AnswersAufExc4 4.1.028.

(a) Explain why 13,500,000 cannot be used as a modified standard divisor.

It yields 21 committee members which is too many .

(b) Explain why 13,750,000 can be used as a modified standard divisor.

It yields 20 committee members.

Country Population Members

7. 1/1 points | Previous AnswersAufExc4 4.2.010.

There is no definitive winner.

8. 3/3 points | Previous AnswersAufExc4 4.2.011.

(a) How many students are in the class?

(b) How many votes are required for a majority?

(c) Using plurality voting, which character is the children's favorite?

There is a tie between Mickey Mouse and Bugs Bunny.

There is a tie between Mickey Mouse and Scooby Doo.

9. 1/1 points | Previous AnswersAufExc4 4.2.013.

Rent a Blu-ray disc or DVD 1 2 2 3 3

rent a Blue-ray or DVD

10.1/1 points | Previous AnswersAufExc4 4.2.017.MI.

11.6/6 points | Previous AnswersAufExc4 4.2.017.MI.SA.

Lee: 44 44 · 4 + 79 · 3 3 + (66 · 2) + (39 · 1) = 584 584

Brewer: (75 · 4) + 0 + (76 · 2) + (77 · 1) = 529

Garcia: (47 · 4) + (110 · 3) + (39 · 2) + (32 · 1) = 628

Turley: (62 · 4) + (39 · 3) + (47 · 2) + (80 · 1) = 539

You have now completed the Master It.

12.1/1 points | Previous AnswersAufExc4 4.2.020.

All four radio stations are equally liked.

13.3/3 points | Previous AnswersAufExc4 4.2.023.

Pay for several members to travel to a convention 2 1 2 1 5

Buy new computers for the club 3 3 1 4 1

Throw an end-of-year party 4 5 5 2 2

pay for several members to travel to a convention

buy new computers for the club

throw an end-of-year party

pay for several members to travel to a convention