Dr.

Alka Singh
Human Values & Professional Ethics (RVE 301)

Module 1: Course Introduction: Need, Basic Guidelines, Content and Process for Value
Education

Module 1.1: Introduction to Value Education

 The Meaning of Value (importance/use)

 The Meaning of Education
 The Meaning of Value Education
 Need of Value Education
 Basic Guidelines For Value Education
 Content of Value Education/Levels of Existence
 Moral Values Vs Human Values

The Meaning of Value (importance/use)

Value of any unit in this existence is its participation in the larger order of which it is part or any
unit small or big has its participation in the larger order and that unit is a part of the system.

Examples:

a. Value of a pen is that it can write. Writing is the participation of a pen in the larger order in
which pen, paper, pencil, and copy, human all are present.
b. Value of a vegetable plant is that it gives nutrition to animals and humans.
c. Value of a painting brush is that it can paint. Painting is the participation of a brush in the
larger order of brush, paper, board, colour etc.
d. Man is the small unit of the environment (i.e. living component like plants, animals, humans
and non-living component like air, water, soil etc.). To protect, to respect is the participation
of human being in the larger order of the environment.
e. A nose to smell, an eyes to watch, the ears to listen, so each unit of body has its participation.

The Meaning of Education

Education is a process in which we learn about concepts, knowledge, skills and values through
formal teaching or training.

The Meaning of Value Education

Value education may be defined as ‘the education that develops the social, cultural, spiritual and
moral sense; and makes one able to take right judgements in one’s own life’. It covers every
aspects of human life viz. education, behavior, activities etc. Value education is such that it
teaches us as:
 How to live a pious life full of satisfaction.
 How to be happy and make others also happy.

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Human Values & Professional Ethics (RVE 301)

 How to behave lovingly and courteously with others.

 How to deal with people in day-to-day life.
 How to manage the happenings and to face the odd challenges.
 How to develop, grow and succeed in life in a legitimate manner.
Value education, thus emphasizes upon the CHARACTER BUILDING and ethically sound
SELF MAKING.

Need of Value Education

The subject help us to understand ‘what is valuable’ for human happiness is called value
education. The issue of value education are directly and indirectly related to the happiness of our
life, welfare, our goals, our aspirations and finally to the success of our life. In short, value
education is the key to achieve the happiness and success in our life. Value education is needed
in our life for:

1. Correct identification of our aspirations

2. Understanding universal human values to fulfill our aspirations.
3. Complementarity of skills and values
4. Evaluation of our belief

1. Correct identification of our aspirations

All human beings continuously aspire/desire for a happy and successful life. Value education
enables us to understand our needs and visualize our goals correctly and also indicate the
direction for their fulfillment. It also helps to remove our confusions and contradictions.

e.g. Ques: If, we want to go somewhere, but we do not know in which direction, shall we
reach our destination?
Ans: To succeed in any activity we should be very clear of its goal/aim. This we get from
value education.

2. Understanding universal human values to fulfill our aspirations

Value education gives us correct understanding what is good and useful for me and also for
others. It should be useful for me and also for others. It should be useful for now and also in
future. Also not only here but also everywhere. It is called the universal nature of human
values.

3. Complementarity of skills and values

To fulfill our aspirations both values and skills are necessary.
So, in short these two important points to be noted are –
a. To identify the real goal

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Human Values & Professional Ethics (RVE 301)

b. To set the method to achieve the goal

So the values and skills go together. The values and skills are complimentary to each other’s
to achieve the success of any human endeavor.
e.g. If I wish a healthy life.
The 1st step will be to assess the goal i.e. Health is the basic requirement of life.
The 2nd step is to listen the skills to achieve the goal of good health.
So without knowing the meaning of good health, health can not be achieved but it is necessary
to make use of the skill to achieve the goal of good health.

4. Evaluation of our beliefs

We all believe in many things and our values based on these beliefs, which may be true or
false. These believes come to us from what we read, see, hear, what our parents tells us, our
friends talk about etc. Value education teaches us to examine/evaluate our beliefs.

Basic Guidelines For Value Education

There are following guidelines for value education:

1. Universal in Nature
2. Rational
3. Natural and Verifiable
4. Encompassing All
5. Leading to Harmony

1. Universal in Nature
The value education that we study must be acceptable at the universal level and it should be
applicable to all the people, at all-time and at all places. e.g. Honesty

2. Rational
The value education must have a rational (logical/reasonable) baseand it should not based on
the dogmas or blind beliefs. e.g. Justice

3. Natural and Verifiable

The value education must have a base of natural thinking i.e. whatever we do, act, speak,
react, expect etc. must be acceptable in a natural manner. e.g. Sharing, respect to the elder
people, keeping the public places clean etc. and when we live on the basis of such values it
leads to our happiness and we must verify it before we accept it as a value.

4. Encompassing All

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Human Values & Professional Ethics (RVE 301)

Value education is not an academic exercise only it is aimed at transforming lifestyles and our
consciousness. Hence, it needs to cover all the directions of our life (thought, behavior, work
and realization) and all levels (individual, family, society and nature).

5. Leading to Harmony
The value education ultimately to targeted to promote harmony within the individual, among
human being and with nature.

Process of Value Education

The process for value education has to be that of self exploration, which includes two things,
verification at the level of natural acceptance and experimental validation in living. Self
exploration is the process to find out what is valuable to me by investigating within myself, what
is right for me, true for me, has to be judged within myself. Through self exploration we get the
value of ourself.

Content of Value Education/Levels of Existence

There are four levels of existence:

1. Myself: my body, mind, behavior, thinking, activities, beliefs, food, health, likings.
2. My family: father, mother, sisters, brothers, children, grandparents, etc.
3. My society: friends, neighbours, community members, human beings anywhere.
4. Nature: plants, animals, birds, lakes, rivers, sun, moon, stars etc.

Moral Values Vs Human Values

1. Moral Values regard matters of right and wrong whereas human values help a person to
distinguish between right and wrong.
2. Moral values are constant and unchanging whereas human values change from person to
person and from time to time.
3. Moral values are for the self-development and self-discipline whereas human values is about
how we treat with others in society.
4. Moral Values can be taught whereas human values are inherited/genetic and intact in all of us.

Module 1.2: Self-Exploration-As the Process of Value Education

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 Dr. Alka Singh
Human Values & Professional Ethics (RVE 301)

 Meaning of Self Exploration

 The Content of Self Exploration
 Differentiate Between Natural Acceptance & Experimental Validation
 Process of Self Exploration
 Meaning of Self Exploration
 Purpose of Self-Exploration

Meaning of Self Exploration

Self-exploration (find out/search) is the process to find out what is valuable to me by

investigating within myself, what is right for me, true for me, has to be judged within myself.
Through self-exploration we get the value of ourself.

The Content of Self Exploration

The content of self-exploration includes two basic things:

1. The Desire/Goal: What is my (human) desire/goal? What do I really want in my life, or what
is the goal of human life?
2. Program: What is my (human) program for fulfilling the desires? How to fulfilling it? What is
the program to actualize the above?

Differentiate Between Natural Acceptance & Experimental Validation

Natural Acceptance

It is a mechanism of self exploration. Self-exploration is a method to explore ourself. Natural

acceptance is process to understand ourself first. In other words, it is a way to accept the good
things naturally.

Characteristics of natural acceptance

1. Natural acceptance does not change with time. It remains invariant with time. For example
our natural acceptance for trust and respect does not change with age.

2. It does not depend on the place. Whatever we have accepted, in our life, at any time of our
age, does not change, even if we move from one place to another one.

3. It does not depend on our beliefs or past conditionings. It is not based on “somebody’s
advice”. E.g. Not to believe in the people from different faith”. If we have not accepted it (as
we have not tested it on our own experience), our answer will not change due to someone’s
saying.

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Human Values & Professional Ethics (RVE 301)

4. It is constant: If our natural acceptance says that “cheating other is bad”, then if we go
anywhere, this acceptance remains/constant within us. So even If we have a chance to cheat a
person, the accepted fact will not allow us to do so.

5. It is the same for all of us: Though each one of us, may have different likes and dislikes and
means to live and to react etc. but if we go deep in our mind the purpose of our work,
behavior, efforts etc. are based on common goals like need to be happy, need to be respected,
need to get prosperity. So our basic acceptance remains the same.

Experimental Validation (Proof/Justification)

Experimental validation is a process that infuses direct experience with the learning environment
and content. It may be regarded as a philosophy and methodology in which the direct experience
and focused reflection of the individual helps to increase knowledge, develop skill and clarify
values. Self-exploration takes place in the self and not on the body.

Process of Self Exploration

a. Anything suggested by the teacher or any other member of family or society, we should take
it only as proposal for our consideration.
b. We neither deny it nor accept it.
c. We try to understand its meaning, implications, its truthfulness, validity and its applications
and consequences.
The process of self exploration is shown in the following diagram:

1. Verify PROPOS 2. Experimental

On the basis of AL Validation
our natural
acceptance
Live according to

2a. 2b. Work

Behavior with rest of
with the nature
human
beings

MutualPros
Right
perity
Understanding MutualHa
Purpose of Self-Exploration ppiness

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Human Values & Professional Ethics (RVE 301)

The purpose of self-exploration is:

1. It is a process of dialogue between “what you are” and “what you really want to be”: It is a
processof focusing attention on ourself, our present beliefs and aspirations vis-à-vis what we
really want to be (thatis to say, what is naturally acceptable to us). If these two are the same,
then there is no problem. If oninvestigation we find that these two are not the same, then it
means we are living with this contradiction (of not being what we really want to be) and
hence, we need to resolve this contradiction this conflict within us. It is a process of
discovering that there is something innate, invariant and universal in all human beings. This
enables us to look at our confusions and contradictions within and resolve them by becoming
aware of our natural acceptance.

2. It is a process of self-evolution through self-investigation: It successively enables us to evolve

by bridging the gap between ‘what we are’ and ‘what to be’. Hence, the self-exploration leads
to our own improvement, our self-evolution – we will become qualitatively better.

3. It is a process of knowing ourselves, for knowing the entire existence: The exploration starts
by asking simple questions about ourself, which gives our clarity about our being, and then
clarity about everything around us.

4. It is a process of understandingthe relationship between ourselvesand every unit in

existence:When we have reached the stage of ‘knowing ourselves’, we are fit to know, about
the surroundings in a better perspective i.e. our relationship, our behavior with other persons,
animals, plants etc., will help to create harmony.

5. It is a process of knowing human conduct, human character and living accordingly:If we

know our nature, we will understand what is role with other living beings. It is called Ethical
human conduct. This will help us to set our way of life accordingly.

6. It is a process of being in harmony with oneself and with entire existence:By self-exploration
we get harmony within ourselves and can create harmony with rest of the world.

7. It is a process of identifying our innateness and moving towards self-organization and self-
expression: This process of self-exploration helps us to identify our swatva and through that
acquiring swantantrata and swarajya.
Swatva: Innateness of self – the natural acceptance of harmony
Swatantrata: Being self- organized – being in harmony with oneself
Swarajya: Self-expression, self- extension – living in harmony with others

Swatva → Swatantrata → Swarajya

The swatva is already there, intact in each one of us. By being in dialogue with it, we
attainswantantrata enabling us to work for swarajya.

Module 1.3: The Basic Human Aspirations-Continuous Happiness and Prosperity

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 Dr. Alka Singh
Human Values & Professional Ethics (RVE 301)

 The Meaning of Happiness

 The Meaning of Prosperity
 Difference Between Prosperity and Wealth
 Problems Caused By Wrong Notions (thinking/ideas/concepts) of Happiness and Prosperity
 Significance of SVDD, SSDD and SSSSS
 Types of Desire
 Basic Requirement for fulfillment of human aspirations
 Physical Facilities for Animals and Human
 Animal consciousness Vs Human consciousness

The Meaning of Happiness

‘It is a state or a situation, we live in harmony, we like to be in the situation is called happiness’.
It is the state when we feel good with our environment. We feel at home, relaxed and energetic.
We feel the harmony and synergy/cooperation with our surroundings. It includes people, place
and circumstances. Our relationships are satisfying. We do not have much complaint against the
situation and do not want any major change in it.

On the other hand lack of harmony with people, in relationships, with nature, in the present
situation, makes us feel happy.‘A state, outside, or within ourselves having no harmony can be
defined as unhappiness’.

Generally, if there is no tension inside us, we feel happy whatever may the situation be outside.

e.g. When we are in a friend’s company we like and have harmony with him, we feel happy to be
with situation on the other hand, we are caught in situation, we don’t like a traffic jam, a meeting
with a lot of noise etc. we feel uneasy, restless and so unhappy.

The Meaning of Prosperity

Prosperity can be defined as, ‘It is a feeling of having more physical facilities’.

e.g. One house is a physical need (for shelter) when we have more than one house it is prosperity
or when we have a car, it is need for a fast and reliable transport for a business man, but if we
have more than one car it is prosperity.

To check the prosperity two things are necessary:\

 Correct assessment of need of the materialistic facilities.

 Competence (capability/skill/ability) of making available these facilities more than our
requirement.

Difference Between Prosperity and Wealth

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Human Values & Professional Ethics (RVE 301)

There is basic difference between wealth or being wealthy and prosperity or being prosperous.
‘Wealth is a physical quantitative thing which can be measured in terms of money and having
the purchasing capacity/competence to get any type of material we may need’ (it is endless, no
satisfaction)on the other hand ‘Prosperity is a qualitative measure. It is a feeling of having the
physical facility, which are more than required’ (Which gives satisfaction).

So, Prosperity is above wealth. Prosperity will lead us to share with others while wealth will lead
us to exploitation of others. So to be wealthy or to be prosperous are two different aims one is
quantitative and another is qualitative objectives.

Problems Caused By Wrong Notions (thinking/ideas/concepts) of Happiness and Prosperity or

Present Vision of a Happy and Prosperous Life

We are trying to achieve happiness and prosperity by maximizing accumulation and

consumption of physical facilities. It is becoming anti ecological and anti-people, and threatening
the human survival itself. Some of the consequences of such trend are summarized below:

 At the level of individual: rising problems of depression, psychological disorders, suicides,

stress, insecurity etc.
 At the level of family: Breaking of joint families, mistrust and conflict between older and
younger generations, insecurity in relationships, divorce, dowry tortures etc.
 At the level of society: increase in crime, terrorism, rapes, murders, casteism etc.
 At the level of nature: pollution, global warming, exploitation of earth resources, lack of fresh
and clean water, deforestation etc.
All the problems are a direct outcome of an incorrect understanding. Our wrong notion about
happiness and prosperity and their continuity-this is an issue for serious
exploration/study/investigation.

SVDD, SSDD and SSSS

Presently, as we look around, we find most of the people in the two categories called SVDD and
SSDD, while the natural acceptance of all human beings is to in the category of SSSS.

SVDD: Those that do not have physical facilities/wealth and feel unhappy and deprived. i.e.
Sadhan Viheen Dukhi Daridra – Materially Deficient, Unhappy and Deprived (depressed/poor).

SSDD: Those that have physical facilities/wealth and feel unhappy and deprived. i.e. Sadhan
Sampann Dukhi Daridra – Materially Affluent, Unhappy and Deprived.

SSSS: Those that have physical facilities/wealth and feel happy and prosperous i.e. Sadhan
Sampann Sukhi Samriddha – Materially Deficient, happy and prosperous.

Types of Desires: These are of two types:

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Human Values & Professional Ethics (RVE 301)

1. Materialistic: Food, shelter, clothes and physical facilities which are quantifiable.
2. Non-materialistic: These are qualitative in nature like trust, respect, happiness,
recognition/gratitude, peace etc

Basic Requirement for fulfillment of human aspirations

Our basic aspirations are happiness (mutual fulfillment) and prosperity (mutual prosperity).
Happiness is ensured by the relationships with other human beings and prosperity is ensured by
working on physical facilities. There are following three basic requirements for fulfillment of
human aspirations:

 Right Understanding: This refers to higher order human skills – the need to learn and
utilize our intelligence most effectively.
 Good Relationship: This refers to interpersonal relationships that a person builds in
his/her life-at home, at the workplace and in society.
 Physical Facilities: This includes the physiological needs of individuals and indicates the
necessities as well as the comforts of life. It means the feeling of having or being able to
have more physical facilities than is needed.

1. Right Understanding

2. Relationship 3. Physical Facility

Mutual Mutual Prosperity

Happiness
(With human (With rest of the
beings) nature)
Thus we can say that when we use right understanding with relationships it gives us mutual
fulfillment because if we have right understanding, then we can be happy in ourselves and work
to have fulfilling relationships with humans and mutual prosperity with nature. If we do not have
the right understanding, then we have problems. Thus our happiness depends on the fulfillment
of the three basic requirements.

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Human Values & Professional Ethics (RVE 301)

Right understanding + Relationship = Mutual fulfillment

Right understanding + Physical facilities = Mutual fulfillment

Physical Facilities for Animals and Humans

For Animals: Animals want physical needs for survival like food, water, shelter etc. mainly to
take care of their body. e.g. Cow will look for food when it is hungry.They don’t desire other
needs like knowledge, peaceful society etc. So, for animals these are necessary and also
complete.

For Humans: We also want physical need for survival like food when we are hungry, water when
we are trusty and a shelter for safety. Our needs are more than just physical facilities. We all
have other social needs like relationship. We desire to have good relationship with our parents,
friends, teachers etc. For human beings these are necessary and they are not complete.

Hence we can say that for animals - “Physical facilities are necessary and complete”

For humans - “Physical facilities are necessary but not complete”

Difference between Animal consciousness and human consciousness

All the animals live to consume and man consumes to live and hence other animals simply grow
while human beings develop. So, to live only for physical facilities is called as ‘Animal
consciousness’ while to live for, Right understanding, Relationship and Physical facilities
leading to mutual happiness and mutual prosperity is called ‘Human consciousness’.

 
Difference between Beliefs and Understanding

Beliefs Understanding

Beliefs are the ad-hoc values Correct understanding is the universal human
values

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Human Values & Professional Ethics (RVE 301)

They usually not the same for everybody They are same for everyone

Beliefs are assumed values Understanding is evaluated values

Belief usually change with time Understanding does not change with time

For e.g. At one point of time you might have thought

getting in to a good college is the most important
now it may change to a getting a good job to a
company or getting a job in a good company.
Module-II: Understanding Harmony in the Human Being: Harmony in Myself

1. Meaning of Existence and Co-existence

2. Differences between Sentient (sensitive) I or Self and Material Body
3. Co-existence of Self and Body
4. The Needs of Self and Body
5. Difference between Sukh and Suvidha
6. The Body as an Instrument of Self /I (I as seer, doer and enjoyer)
7. Classification of Activities
8. Activities of Knowing, Assuming, Recognizing and fulfilling
9. Activities of Understanding and Realization
10. Inter-Relationship of Power and Activity
11. Sensation and Preconditioning
12. Effects of preconditioned desire, thought and expectation
13. Short lived pleasure from sensations
14. Harmony in ‘I’ or Self / Steps to Achieve Happiness
15. Self-Organization
16. Swatantra and Partantra
17. Programs for ensuring the health of the body
18. Body: A Self Organized Unit

Meaning of Existence and Co-existence

Existence(Astitva) means that something is there, that it exists. We know our body is here, I can
see, touch and feel it. So, it exists.
Co-existence means more than one thing is there at the same time and same place or living
together at the same time of different types of groups is called co-existence. e.g., in colleges and
higher institutions, male and female students coexist, Human being is the co-existence of self &
body.
Difference between Sentient I or Self and Material Body

The Material Body: All human beings have a body, by which we identify them. Same is true
about plants and animals also. These bodies are made of the similar physical material, e.g., Bone,
flesh,heart, lungs, liver, kidney, skin, blood etc. Chemically these bodies are made of some

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Human Values & Professional Ethics (RVE 301)

substances, e.g., proteins, fats, carbohydrates, water etc. All these constituents are things which
can be seen, touched and felt. Hence, these are physical or material bodies
(tangible/touchable/physical).
The Sentient ‘I’ or Self: A Man is a living being which has consciousness (awareness; chetana),
ability to know, feel, think and take decisions, called as sentient beings. Plants and animals are
another examples of sentient beings. These are different from a stone which does not have life.
The stone can’t do these.
For any person his self is different from his body, though these coexist. There are many
differences between two. These differences are of three types: Needs, Activities and types

Co-existence of Self and Body

The human being is the co-existence of ‘I’ and the ‘body’, and there is exchange of information
between the two. As a person, we need to get an information i.e. the needs comes from the self
(I), we use our senses, eyes, ears, tongue etc. and get the required information and pass it back to
I /self to complete the cycle. We can make this distinction between the self and the body in three
ways in terms of the needs, activities and the types of these two entities.

Understanding Myself as Co-existence of Self (I) and Body

Human Being Self ‘I’ Body

Need Happiness, respect, trust Physical facility
In time Continuous Temporary
In Quantity Qualitative Quantitative
Fulfilled by Right Understanding, Right Physico-chemical
Feeling /Materialistic things
Activity Desire, Thought, Expectation Eating, Walking
In time Continuous Temporary
Response Knowing, Assuming, Recognising, Fulfilling
Recognising, Fulfilling
Type Conscious Physico-chemical/Material

All the needs of I, say respect, trust, etc, can be called as Happiness (sukh), while the needs of
body are physical facilities (suvidha) like food. The needs of I is qualitative and continuous,
while the needs of body are quantitative and temporary.

The activities of ‘I’ are activities like desire, thought, expectation, while the activities of body are
activities like eating, walking, breathing etc. The mode of interaction of ‘I’ includes knowing,
assuming, recognizing and fulfilment. The fulfillment depends on recognition, recognition
depends on assumptions and assumptions depends on knowing or not knowing (beliefs). If
assuming is based on knowledge will be correct. If assuming is not based on knowledge, then
things may go wrong. The mode of interaction of body is only recognizing and fulfilling. Self is
a conscious (sachet) entity and the body is a material entity (substance), or physic-chemical in
nature. Thus we can say:
Co-existence
Human Being = Self Body

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Human Values & Professional Ethics (RVE 301)

So finally, we can say that the human being can be understood in terms of a co-existence of two
entirely different entities namely sentient ‘I’ and material ‘body’. Their needs and activities are
quite different but these constituents of human being are to act in close synergy (co-
operation)with each other.

The Needs of Self and Body

The human being is the co-existence of ‘I’ and the body, and there is exchange of information
between the two. We can make this difference between the self and the body in terms of the
needs as shown in the table below:

I Body
Needs are …….. Trust, Respect, etc. Food, Clothes etc.
Happiness Physical Facility
(Sukh) (Suvidha)
Needs In time needs are ……… Continuous Temporary
In quantity needs are ……… Qualitative Quantitative
(no quantity) (limited in quantity)
Needs are fulfilled by ……….... Right Understanding, Food, Clothes etc.
Right Feeling

1. Needs are ….The need of I is to live in a state of continuous happiness (sukh) Which are not
physical in nature – like trust, respect, happiness etc. These are mental which are based on
Sukh, whereas the needs of the body like food and water for nourishment, clothes and shelter
for protection from climatic hazards like too hot or too cold climate etc. The body needs are
physical in nature which are based on suvidha.

2. In time, needs are… The needs of ‘I’ are continuous in time, whereas the need of the body,
which is temporary in time. We want happiness continuously. We also want the feeling of
respect continuously and so also acceptance in relationship. If we talk about food, clothing,
shelter, or instruments, these are needed only for some amount of time, or we can say that the
need for physical facilities of the body is temporary in time- it is not continuous.

3. In quantity, needs are….. Physical needs are quantitative e.g., we can quantify our needs
food, clothes, house, vehicle, etc. These facilities are needed for the body in a limited
quantity. When we try and exceed these limits, it becomes troublesome for us after some time.
We can only think of having unlimited physical facilities, but if we try and consume, or have
too much of physical facilities, it only ends up becoming a problem for us.

E.g., When we consume food that we like most, a time comes when can’t consume it any
more. With time it successively changes from:

Necessary and tasteful

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↓
Unnecessary but tasty
↓
Unnecessary and tasteless
↓
Intolerable

Whereas the needs of ‘I’ are qualitative (they are not quantifiable), but we also want them
continuously. Our feelings are qualitative. e.g., Happiness is qualitative which are not
measured in numbers or percentage.

4. Needs are fulfilled by….The need of the self, for happiness (sukh) is ensured by right
understanding and right feelings, while the need of the body, for physical facilities (suvidha),
is ensured by appropriate physical facilities.

Difference between Sukh and Suvidha

The need of Self (I) is happiness, called Sukh, while the need of Body is physical facility, called
Suvidha. Both are needed for us. Each one has its own role. One can’t be replaced by other.
The need of self is continuous in nature. For example. Everyone wants happy always. On the
other hand, the need of body is intermittent in nature. For example. When we are hungry, we
need food. After eating it once and feeling satisfied we do not want it form several hours.
Sukh is qualitative while suvidha is quantitative. E.g., we can’t measure happiness, I can’t say I
need 2 kg happiness, 3 meter of respect. These needs are neither measurable nor quantifiable. On
the other suvidha needed for body can always be quantifiable. E.g., I need 2 pair of dress, one
house to live, and ten book to read etc.
Sukh like need of happiness is ensured by right understanding, right feeling in relationship. E.g.,
If I am alone in A.C room, I may feel lonely and bored. Even my body is comfortable, I may not
be happy. While suvidha is ensured only by providing physical-chemical things and by using it.
E.g., if I feel very hot and uncomfortable I need a fan or A.C. I have to sit there to make my body
feel comfortable.
Sukh depends upon our thinking. So many times we are surrounded by materialistic things but
we feel unsatisfied. People think that their happiness depends upon suvidha (physical facilities)
but it is not so, happiness depends upon our thinking or mental satisfaction.

The Body is an Instrument of Self /I (I being seer, doer and enjoyer)

There is a relation between the self and body act as an instrument of self. Whatever self thinks
body performs it physically. Body does not decide itself. We can verify this by the following
discussion:
I am the seer/saakshi

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Human Values & Professional Ethics (RVE 301)

When we go out for a trip, we watch many natural beauties like water fall, forest, sun set,
mountain etc. We say I am seeing that means I or self sees it through the eyes. So with the help
of body organ I or self sees it and enjoy it.
I am the doer/karta
Once I have seen /understood something. I am the one who decides what to do or not to do. I am
the doer. For example, when I see the scenery I am the one who decide to take a picture of the
scenery. I use my hand to pic camera and click a picture. The hands in the body are thus used as
an instrument. In this way I work with my hands and legs.
I am the enjoyer/bhokta
When we see a picture, or when we read a book or when we consume a lavish food, who enjoys
it? It is ‘I’ or ‘self’ who enjoys it, by using eyes and tongue i.e. by using the body, ‘I’ enjoys the
situation. So, according to the situation, I becomes happy or sad or angry. We use our body as an
instrument to enjoy. I is the enjoyer.
Classification of Activities
We have identified three different types of activities that we perform either knowingly or
unknowingly, namely:
A. Activities of Self
B. Activities of Body
C. Activities of Self + Body

A. Activities of Self: These are the activities confined/limited to self (which are based on the self
needs) e.g., realization (anubhava), understanding (bodha), desire, thought, expectation,
imagining, analyse (vishleshana), selection (chayan), Knowing, Assuming (manana),
contemplation (chintan), sensation (sansani) etc. These activities are carried knowingly.

B. Activities of Body: These are activities in our body (which are necessary to keep our body
alive) e.g., breathing, digesting, blood circulation, functioning of heart, and other body
organs. These activities are carried unknowingly

C. Activities of Self + Body Activities of Self: e.g., talking, walking, eating, smelling, touching,
etc. These activities are possible with co-existence of body and self. e.g., watching a T.V.
programme we need to use ‘eyes’ a body organ but to get pleasure or happiness we need self.

Activities of Knowing, Assuming, Recognizing and fulfilling

The various activities involved both in I and body: Knowing (janana), assuming (manana),
recognizing (pahchanna) and fulfilling (nirvahkarna) are the activities involving both the self and
the body.

1. Activities of recognizing and fulfilling in the body: Apart from the activities of Breathing,
Heartbeat, Digestion etc., the activities of the body can also be understood as recognition and

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fulfilment. In fact, the mutual interaction between any two material entities can be understood as
recognition and fulfilment of their relationship. For example when we are thirsty and drink
water, the body absorbs the water to the extent (limit) needed and uses for the nourishment of the
various organs. Here, body recognizes its relation with water and fulfils it.
RecognizingFulfilling

2. Activities of knowing, assuming, recognizing and fulfilling in the self (‘I’): When it comes
to self (jivan or ‘I’), which is a conscious entity; in addition to ‘recognizing and fulfilling’, there
is also the activity of assuming and that of knowing. In fact, recognizing and fulfilling in case of
human beings will depend upon knowing and/or assuming.

a. We assume – We all make assumptions and our response (recognition and fulfilment) is
dependent on the assumption. For ex.: If I see a snake and assumed it to be a rope, I shall
respond differently to it, than if I take it to be a snake itself. We call this activity ‘assuming or
manana’.

b. We recognize – We all recognize things today, we recognize a variety of things. Like, we

recognize water, our parents, friends, etc. We call this activity ‘recognizing or pahachaanana’.
The recognizing in ‘I’ depends on assuming.

c. We fulfill –The response that follows recognition is called the activity of ‘fulfilling or

nirvahakarna’. The fulfilment depends on the recognition. For ex.: Once we recognize water, we
take it.

Taken together we can write it as (in I):Assuming → Recognizing   → Fulfilling

There is another activity that exists in us (in ‘I’). This activity is called ‘knowing’. Knowing
means we have the right understanding – the understanding of harmony at all levels of our living.
When we have the right understanding, when we have the knowledge of reality, it is definite, and
then assuming becomes according to the knowing, and hence recognizing and fulfilling becomes
definite.
Knowing → Assuming → Recognizing   → Fulfilling
Or
Janana → Manana → Pahchanana → NirvahaKarna

Activities of Understanding and Realization

Realization
Means to be able to see the reality as it is. In realization, we get the answer to “what is the
reality?” This, for each one of us, translates into the answers to “what to do?” and “why to do?”
when we operate on the basis of realization and gains understanding according to the realization
then it give definiteness and certainty and makes us self-organized or swatantra.

Understanding

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Means to be able to understand the self-organization in all levels of existence. Understanding

plays an important role in desire making. When we do not have the right understanding, our
desire keep shifting, and this uncertainty is reflected in our thoughts, and selections we make,
and finally in our behaviour and work. On the other hand, when our understanding is based on
realization and we use this understanding in desire making then our desire will be correct and
thoughts and selection will be according to the understanding.
These are the two activities in the self (‘I’) (placed at point 1 and 2 in the figure). When we
have (1) realization then (2) understanding becomes according to the realization. When this
happens, then (3) imaging or desires get set according to this understanding. Consequently, (4)
analysis or thoughts become according to the imaging/desires and hence, the (5) expectations or
selection/taste are according to the thoughts/analysis. This is called self- organization. This leads
to happiness and its continuity.

Inter-Relationship of Power and Activity

The self is conscious in nature while the body is physico-chemical in nature. The interaction
between the ‘I’ and the body is in the form of exchange of information. On an average day, we
go through many activities like eating, watching, reading, talking, sleeping etc. What is the
power behind our activities? There are two categories of self, namely power of self and
corresponding activities of self:

A. Power: This means the basic capacity in the self (‘I’). They are: desire, thoughts, and
expectations.
B. Activities (mental activities): The activity is the process of utilizing this power. These are:
 Imagining: When we (self) placed in any good or bad situation we try to understand i.e.
to imagine the situation.
 Analysing: The next step is to analyse the situation i.e. what has caused this situation?
What could be the result of it? and so on…
 Selecting: If there are various ways to be used to come out of this situation, we think and
finally select the best possible solution.

The activity of analysing means breaking down the image into various parts or to open it up.
Selecting/tasting is with the expectation of fulfilling our desires with the expectation of
happiness. The activity of selecting/tasting is the basic level via which the self-interacts with the
body.

Another example:

 We may have desire to have respect by being the owner of a big house. This is in the form of
imaging – we have an image in us of fulfillment of this need for respect via a house.
 Based on this desire, we start working out the details of the house. Ex no. of rooms, storey’s,
on which floor in will stay. The image of wanting respect from the house is split into many
parts – this is called analysing. The activity of analysing means breaking down the image into
various parts.

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 Now that we have worked out the details of the house, we go about choosing the size, colour
etc. of the room. This is called selecting / tasting.

Activities in self are related: There are two possible flows of activities as given below:

A. From body to self i.e. outside to inside:

1ststep: I receives a sensation from body and it is tested in I.
e.g., through the nose the smell of a delicious food enters in I.
nd
2 step: Through the test it triggers of the thought (image).
e.g., I can form of image of a dish of food served.
rd
3 step: Based on the image, the desire is formed.
e.g., the desire is to consume food.
th
4 step: On the basis of the process of thinking starts.
e.g., this finally leads to fetch/bring the food to fulfil the desire.
So, it is from body → to self → to body.

B. From self to body i.e. from inside to outside:

1st step: The desire of the food is developed in the self.
e.g., we have not used ‘senses’ i.e. eyes, nose, ear, skin, tongue, but the ‘thought’ of
food has been developed inside the body i.e. it is thought of the self.
nd
2 step: On the basis of desire we make the selection.

3rd step: On the basis of the selection we act and the body follows i.e. we move to the hotel.
‘Self’ has selected and consume the food (it is a body action but the pleasure of consuming food
is self-action’
So, it is from self → to body → to self.

So, either the flow is from outside to inside or from inside to outside. So, the chain continues
like, imagination = desires + thoughts + expectations. The activities of desire, thoughts and
expectation at the level of self, are collectively called as imagination. Imagination is a continuous
process and not temporary.
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Preconditioning and Sensation

When our activities are not guided by our natural acceptance, then they are guided by
preconditioning and sensations.

Preconditioning (Manyataayeen) means we have assumed something about out desires on the
basis of prevailing notion/thinking about it or Preconditioning means the condition developed by
beliefs (manyatas). They comes from what we read, see, hear, what our parents tells us, our
friends talk about, etc. When these come in conflict, we try hard to search out justification and
make all effort to defend/protect our own preconditioning. Since we do not verify within
ourselves, we continue to live with a set of preconditioning which may or may not be true. We
have to start verifying our preconditioning on the basis of our natural acceptance, as living on the
basis of natural acceptance make us more authentic

Sensation is a perception (anubhuti /physical feeling or sensitivity resulting from something that
happens to or comes into contact with the body. On the basis of sensation we receive knowledge
through some sense organs. These are five: Eyes to see, ear to hear, nose to smell, tongue to taste
and skin to touch.

Effects of preconditioned desire, thought and expectation

We have not verified the desires, thoughts and expectations in us on the basis of our own natural
acceptance. As a result, these desires, thoughts and selections are in conflicts. Since the desires
are in conflict, the thoughts they give rise to, are also in conflict and in turn, the selection from
the thoughts are also in conflicts. This conflict affects us in different manners:

1. Changing aspirations:Our desires are based on preconditioning i.e. their input from outside
i.e. they are based on somebody’s experience or thoughts. As thses external sources changes, our
aspiration/desire also change. 

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2. Lack of confidence: Since our desires are shaky, we are not sure about them. As a result, we
lack self-confidence.

3. Unhappiness/conflicts: Since our desires, thoughts and expectations are in conflict, it

becomes the cause for our unhappiness, leading to stress and tension.

4. Lack of qualitative improvement in us: We focus largely on fulfilling the needs of the body.
As we live on somebody’s suggestion, which may make us rich, strong and popular.We never
feel sure about qualitative improvement. However, quantitative improvement may be there but to
happy,everybody needs to have qualitative improvement. Our lifestyle may be changed but the
mental status may be the same, makes us unhappy.

a) State of resignation: Because we do not understand ourselves properly and have

contradictions within, we slowly start getting disappointed. We feel that there are no solutions to
these issues, and end up in a state of resignation.

Short lived pleasure from sensations

The purpose of our life is to be happy and to get pleasure. The pleasure obtained from sensations
is short-lived. We have so much dependent on sensations that instead of giving us some sensory
pleasure, it becomes the source for our happiness.

e.g., you like cup of tea, which makes you fresh and happy, if you start cup of tea after every
half an hour, the short lived pleasure of tea would get converted into non-acceptance of tea by
our body.

So, the contact of the external object with the body is temporary in nature. The sensation from
the body to ‘I’ is temporary. Therefore, if the source for our happiness is temporary, then our
need for continuous happiness will never be fulfilled. Hence, any sensation we have from the
body can’t be the source for our permanent happiness.

Harmony in ‘I’ or Self / Steps to Achieve Happiness

Harmony (Co-ordination) means lack of conflict. When two or more different people or things
co-exist benefitted each other, then there is harmony. It can be within inside (internal) or outside
(external) us. If I have no conflict between my conscience (antaraatma), my mind and my belief,
there is harmony within. I shall be peaceful. As there is no waste of energy through conflicts, we
feel strong and energetic. Likewise if we live in a family with sweet relations with each other,
there is harmony in family. Generally harmonious individuals are more successful family
members. Harmonious families constitute harmonious society and nations.

The way to ensure harmony in self is a four step process given below:

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1st step: To be aware of co-existence of self and body.

2nd step: To accept the body as an instrument of self.

3rd step: To become of the activities of desire, thoughts and selection.

4th step: To understand harmony at all levels of life.

Self-Organization

When are acting on the basis of natural acceptance by self-verification we start getting more and
more organized within ourselves. Once right understanding and realisation is activated within us,
our other activities start becoming more organized by themselves. Such self-organized people
live authentic, reliable and happy lives.

SwatantraVsPartantra

Tantra means under the control of ‘Swa’ means our own self and ‘Par’ means others, outside us.
When we act by natural acceptance or self-verification, we feel Swatantra but operating on the
basis of beliefs given by others makes us Partantra or ruled by others from outside.

Programs for ensuring the health of the body

Our present lifestyle and conditionings are not very conductive to keep the body fit and so it is
important to understand sanyam and swasthya correctly and maintain proper harmony with the
body. So, we need to work for the following few things:
1.  Sanyam ensures swasthya
2.  Understanding the self-organization of the body and ensure health of the body.

1. Sanyam ensures swasthya:  ‘Sanyam’ means regulation, control or discipline. It is the

feeling of responsibility in the self (I) for nurturing, protection and right utilization of the Body.
‘Swasthya’ i.e heath is the physical, mental, well-being of the body and mind.
For this it is essential to understand the functioning of the body instrument. It is also essential to
understand that this instrument has a limited life span and undergoes a pattern of growth and
decay. When I live with sanyam (self-regulation), there is harmony in among the different parts
of the body and the body acts according to me as a useful instruments. Sanyam and Swasthya
both are important for us but sanyam is more basic even to maintain health. So if we have
sanyam, it may ensure the heath.

2. Understanding the self-organization of the body and ensure health of the body:

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a. Nurturing of the Body: We need to consume food and water to get energy. The process of
taking food, digest it and to exceed, the unwanted parts of the body, are the main functions of our
body. The body program is given below:
 Ingestion (grahan): When we consume food we have to chew it properly to allow it to enter
through to food pipe into digestive system.
 Digestion (pachan): Breakdown of the food into smaller pieces and bringing chemical
changes so that it becomes soluble, is called digestion.
 Excretion: After we consume food, it is digested and undigested food is excreted out of the
body. This is also an important function of the body.

b. Protection of the Body or Suraksha: The second issue is the protection of the body. It needs
clothing for its protection from the cold, heat, water, rain, dust etc. coming from environment. It
also needs shelter to rest and sleep. The right amount of exposure of the body to the air, water,
and sun is required to ensure/confirm its proper functioning.

c.Right Utilization of the Body (Sadupayoga): By proper and enough work, exercise and rest,
body keeps its efficiency and capacity to work. It also makes it strong and improves the stamina.
The proper use of body is to conduct right behaviour and useful work. But it is also equally
important to avoid any misuse of the body such as quarrelling, fighting, hitting which shall
damage the body. Wrong habits of smoking and alcohol consumption will also cause sickness
and weakening. We should avoid such misuses.

d.Treatment of Body (Medication):If Sick: Sometimes the body falls sick, then we need its
treatment to ensure the return to healthy condition. If necessary, different medicines may also be
taken. Timely treatment is necessary to avoid further complications.

e. Physical Activity (Exercise/vyayam):Physical fitness of the body is the regular exercise which
helps to digest the food and also the functioning of the body organs. At present the young
generation has become alert about their physical fitness but we must know the difference
between labour and exercise, labour makes you tired and exercise makesyou fresh. Our
traditional way to balance such movements and rest of body are provided through Yoga. It is a
combination of various postures and exercises of breathing. It ensures flexibility of the body
parts and also good health.

Body: A Self Organized Unit

The human body is a self-organized and highly sophisticated mechanism. The body is made up
of several organs and glands and the different parts of the body keep working in a close co-
ordination. All the activities keep the body fit for the use of ‘I’, so that ‘I’ and the body may
work in synergy/co-operation as a human being. The silent aspects of this harmony b/w ‘I’ and
the body are:-
1. The body acts according to the needs of I.
2. There is harmony among the various organs of the body.

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3. What our body follow only by the permission of I.

4. There is a strong coupling b/w I and the body. If I am in disharmony e.g. in anger or stress or
despair (nirasha). It immediately starts affecting the body adversely.
5. There are many diseases of the body that are caused due to disharmony in I. These are called
psychosomatic diseases such as asthma, migraine, hyper-tension etc. On the other hand, when
there is a strong disturbance in the body manifesting (showing) in the form of severe pain, it
distracts/divert‘I’ from its normal functions.
6. I have the feeling of sanyam for the body and the body has swasthya. Sanyam is basic to
swasthya.
So, good health is the co-ordination between body and self i.e. healthy mind keeps the
healthy body and healthy body only can keep the mind (self) healthy.

 Meaning of family
 Meaning of society
 Meaning of harmony
 Value or values in relationship feelings or values are innate, but need to be recognised
 Family as the basic unit of human interaction
 Values or feelings in human-human relationship
 Feeling of justice
 Disrespect
 Differentiation/ disrespect between human beings due to lack to right understanding of respect
 Difference between respect and differentiation.
 Identification of comprehensive human goal
 Inter-relation of comprehensive human goals
 Programs/path/five dimensions to achieve comprehensive human goals

MEANING OF FAMILY

Family is a group of human beings consisting of the parents and their child. In extended families the
grand parents and grand children are also included. They are usually related by blood or by marriage.
When it consists of only parents and their children, it is called Nuclear family, otherwise, of bigger size
with members of third generations or more are called Extended families.

MEANING OF SOCIETY

It is a community of people living in a country or region and having shared custom, laws, and
organizations. Therefore, society is a having much bigger group of people and may comprise hundreds or
even thousands of families. Society is a group of family related by shared values.

MEANING OF HARMONY

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The word harmony is derived from the Latin word, ‘Harmonia’ which means ‘joining’. Therefore,
harmony is a state of peaceful co-existence of different members and groups. More than one group
member should be there.

VALUE OR VALUES IN RELATIONSHIP

Value means the importance or usefulness of something. But values are standards of behaviour. Human
values means those criteria which are usually referred to when the relationship between different human
beings such as harmony, love, respect, co-operation etc.

FEELINGS OR VALUES ARE INNATE, BUT NEED TO BE RECOGNISED

These human values or our feelings towards fellow human beings are already innate in our nature. We
just have to aware of these, and start expressing or using these. These do not have to be learnt. There is a
continuity of these feelings and we are able to fulfil these.

FAMILY AS THE BASIC UNIT OF HUMAN INTERACTION

A single individual can exist, think and live, but can’t interact with another person. The another person to
be around would be most likely brother or sister, mother or father, husband or wife, i.e. someone or the
other member of the family with whom start interacting. Therefore, in society family is the first, smallest
and basic unit of human interaction. So, let us start with our family:

Harmony in the family: When we talk about our family relationship let us accept the following facts:

 In the family, the relationship is between one ‘Self’ (I) and another ‘self’ (I) e.g. you and brother or
your sister both of you has your own ‘selfness’.
 Both of you have your feelings e.g., you like watching cricket but your sister wants to watch same
live dance programme (it is not necessary to have same type of liking in two different ‘self’ in a family).
 The feeling i.e. likes and dislikes are definite, we can identify them
 These feelings of different ‘self’ in our family, if we can identify and recognise and try to fulfil them,
it would bring mutual happiness in the different self. Let us check these above points in details to bring
harmony in our family.

Identification of other’s feelings leads to mutual happiness in the relationship: When we accept the
relationship among the different ‘self’, we are able to identify the feelings i.e. the values. Once we
identify these values, we try to respect these values by behaving as per other’s expectations to create
harmony and Mutual happiness. So, the process is very simple:

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So, what is the base of bringing mutual happiness in the family relationship? We must have the feeling of
trust which leads to mutual fulfilment, but if we have no trust or have doubt on others, it would lead to
happiness.

VALUES OR FEELINGS IN HUMAN-HUMAN RELATIONSHIP

To create relationship with others is the need of ‘self’. The relationship brings feelings i.e. values for
‘other self’. These feelings or values can't be replaced by any physical or material thing e.g. the happy
feeling we get by a meeting a close friend or the sad feelings we have about some one’s passing away,
how can they be replaced by some material things like cash, property or any tangible thing that our body
enjoy. Let us we have list of the values in relationship. We must verify them at our natural level of
acceptance and try to live accordingly, for understanding the mutual fulfilment.

There are nine values which are treated as foundations of good behaviour in human society. These are:
1. Trust fo”okl (Foundation Value)
2. Respect lEeku
3. Affection Lusg
4. Care eerk
5. Guidance okRlY;
6. Reverence J)k
7. Glory xkSjo
8. Gratitude —rKrk
9. Love izse (Complete Value)

1. Trust
It is fundamental feelings in any relationship. The trust can be defined as “It is an assurance that
everybody inherently needs to be happy and prosperous and he or she wants others also to be happy and
prosperous”.

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It is the value which enables our relationship towards others possible. As we wish others well, want to
help them, so we expect others also want to make us happy. If we truly believe in the sincerity of
intentions of others, then it is trusting them genuinely. There are two aspects of our exploration:
A. Intention (Goal): What do we aspire?
B. Competence (Skill): Do we have to ability to fulfil our aspiration?
So, we can say that ‘intention is our desire and competence is our ability to fulfil our desire or intention’.
Trust is the result of the right understanding of the intention of all the human beings around us. This trust
helps to improve our competence in others and in ourselves.

2. Respect
Respect means individuality. Once we are realized that we are individual then only we can see ourself
different from others. Respect means right evaluation.

lEeku ¾ le~ $ eku

lE;d~ ekiuk

Bhd Bhd vkadyu djuk

‘Respect is the feeling of admiration/appreciation for someone for his qualities or achievements’. Respect
is a value of human relationship. It is also called universal human value.

3. Affection
‘Affection is the feeling of being related to the other’. Affection comes when I recognize that we both
want to make each other happy and both of us are similar. Then for the first time, I am related to the other
and other is related to me. This feeling is called affection.
When we have trust and respect about another person then only the feeling of affection can be developed
i.e. if we are not sure that another person is our well-wisher, we have not trust in him so, there is no
affection between us and another person. It creates feeling of opposition.

4. Care: ‘It is a feeling of protecting and nurturing the body of our relative’. Why do we do it? It is
mainly because self and body live in co-existence and we need the body as an instrument of self i.e. the
needs of self are fulfilled through the senses of the body.
It is like the natural tendency of mother for her dependent and even grown up children. This value makes
our relations warm, humane, intimate and makes our social life sweet and smooth.

5. Guidance: ‘The feeling of correct understanding about other (my relative) is called guidance’. The
other person also needs to have correct understanding. So, guidance is an interaction between two self’s.
It is to advise others in their best possible interests, who are relatively less mature or inexperienced. As
we seek Guidance or directions from our own seniors, we should offer it readily to our juniors also.

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6. Reverence: ‘The feeling of acceptance of excellence in the other is called reverence’. When we see

that the other has achieved this excellence- which means to understand and to live in harmony at all the
levels of living ensuring continuity of happiness, we have a feeling of reverence for him/her.

7. Glory: ‘Glory is the feeling for someone who has made efforts for excellence’. E.g the people
who have proved themselves to be the best freedom fighters like Mahatma Gandhi,
Subhashchandra Bose etc. It is not merely/only their excellence but their effect to make thers
excellent, brings them the feeling glory for them, by others.

8. Gratitude: Gratitude is the feeling of acceptance for those who have taken efforts for my
excellence. Gratitude is an emotion that occurs after people receive help from others.

9. Love: Love is the emotion of strong affection and personal attachment. In other words, love
 

is a feeling of warm personal attachment or deep affection, as for a parent, child, or friend. Love
is also called the complete value because the feeling love is related to all the human beings.
Love is the second step of affection. It starts with other human being and get expanded to all the human
beings around us. Love towards all, helps to develop the undivided society. The journey starts, within the
family and through the society it expands to the world family (Vasudev Kutumbakam)

The above mentioned values are the core of all relations. These values are intrinsic and
available in every person. We need to find out in ourselves and implement. Without
implementation, one cannot think of a strong family relation.

FEELING OF JUSTICE

Just means being right and fair, as deserved. Therefore, justice means just behaviour or fair
treatment. The base of mutual happiness is to identify the feelings i.e. values of other person and
respect them. It is called as justice. So, the justice has four elements such as:

1. Recognition of values

2. Fulfilment of these values

3. Evaluation of the values

4. Creation of Mutual Happiness

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When all the four are ensured, justice is ensured. Mutual fulfilment is the hallmark/feature of justice. And
justice is essential in all relationships. Justice starts from family and slowly expands to the world family.
The child gets the understanding of justice in the family. With this understanding, he goes out in the
society and interacts with people.

Web of feelings
We can apply this model at our home to test it. Let us check it with, Father-Son, Son-Mother, Sister-
Brother relationship.

DISRESPECT

Disrespect means positively an expression in our behaviour of disapproval of unhappiness or

dissatisfaction towards other person.

The feeling of disrespect may include three situations:

 Over-Evaluation: We evaluate our-selves more than what we are in reality.

E.g. you like to play cricket and you play for your club in reality. When your parents introduce to you
to the guests as “our son plays cricket for the university”
Do you feel comfortable or do you feel uncomfortable by such introduction? You become
uncomfortable because you have been over evaluated.

 Under-Evaluation: We evaluate our-selves lesser than what we are in reality.

E.g. you are good in studies and also like to have some social work. When your parents introduce to
you to the guests as “he is our son who likes to be a social worker at the cost of his studies”.
Do you like this statement of your parents? No, because, you have been under evaluated.

 Otherwise-Evaluation: You are good at your at studies and like to watch cricket. Your parents
introduce to your guest as, “He is our son. He is doing his engineering and plays cricket for his
university.
Do you feel uncomfortable by their statement? If it is ‘yes’, it is because, you have been evaluated
otherwise. But if your answer is ‘no’ it means you like the statements which are not true.
So, wrong evaluation makes us disrespected.

DIFFERENTIATION/ DISRESPECT BETWEEN HUMAN BEINGS DUE TO LACK TO RIGHT

UNDERSTANDING OF RESPECT

Today, we are differentiating in the name of respect. We either differentiate people on the basis of their
body, physical facilities and beliefs:

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On the basis of body

 Gender: We ignore the fact that being male or female is an attribute/feature of the body, and not an
attribute at the level of ‘I’. And differentiate in giving respect on the basis of gender called male and
females. In many countries, males are respected more than females. In fact, ‘I’ or self in male and
female is the same. In our country also we prefer to have a male child than a female.
 Race: The people have different colour of the skin, eyes, or hair. Some people are black, brown or
white. On the basis of these physical characteristics, we classify them into different races like Aryan
race, Mongolian race etc. or on the basis of caste. Again here, we don’t do the evaluation on the basis
of ‘I’, but on the basis of the body. Generally, we feel safer and show respect to the person to the
person of our own race.
 Age: We have notions such as ‘one must respect elders’. There is no such notion as respect
youngsters. Here, we see that we are again evaluating at the level of the body – age is related to the
body, and not to ‘I’.
  Physical strength: If someone is stronger, we again treat him/her differently. This is again at the level
of the body. In fact, we think that we are respecting the other, while it is fear; if we do not treat them
like this, we will be harmed.

On the basis of physical facilities

 Wealth: We must have observed that wealthy and rich people are always respected by others (mainly
by the poor people). It is because of their money power we respect them and never bother about the
poor persons? This is wrong, both the rich and the poor persons have same ‘self’ (which must be
respected).
 Post and position: We always show respect to the person who is having high post and position. It is
wrong to respect a person on a higher post and position and not to have any respect about a person
who is at a lower post and position than us. The persons on the higher or lower post and positions have
the same self. In our education, we are trained directly or indirectly to earn posts for us to fetch/get
respect.

On the basis of beliefs

 ‘Isms’: ‘Ism’ means any belief in terms of a ‘thought-system’ that we have, or that we have adopted.
Each one of us has a set of thought-system i.e.Isms like capitalism, socialism, communism,
nationalism etc. These isms are extended upto the national level i.e. some countries like Russia, China,

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are the strong believers of ‘communism’ while U.S.A., U.K., Canada, Australia are the capitalist
countries. The people show respect to another person having same Isms and have no respect about
other people from another ‘Isms”. It is wrong because people from any ‘Isms” have same ‘Self’.
 Sects/tradition: People from different religions have different traditions and faiths, likes and dislikes.
E.g., some people like veg food and some like to have non-veg food. This reflects in our respect
others. Generally we show respect to the people from our own tradition, culture or religion and have
little respect about the persons from other tradition. It is wrong as the persons from any tradition have
the same ‘self’.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN RESPECT AND DIFFERENTIATION.

S. Respect Differentiation
N

1 Respect is right evaluation. Differentiation is lack of understanding of respect.

2 Respecting and its expressions increase Differentiation creates disunity, resentment and
positivity in our social life. negativity in our social life.

3 Respect joins and unites the society. Differentiation breaks it in parts on basis of gender,
languages, wealth, position, sects, isms etc.

IDENTIFICATION OF COMPREHENSIVE HUMAN GOAL

To fulfil the basic aspiration of all the human beings at all the levels we must try to understand the goals
to be achieved. We can classify the goals at various levels:

Level Goals

Individual Right Understanding

Family Level Prosperity

Society Level Fear-lessness / Trust

World / Nature Level Co-existence

a. Right Understanding: It is necessary for all the human beings at the individual levels. If an individual
does not have correct understanding (of any situation), he or she get disturbed and act also in the same
manner to create disharmony with other persons and also with nature.
b. Prosperity: It is a general need and goal of all the families. Prosperity of a family means it must be
able to identify its physical and self needs and must produce more than the requirement.

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c. Fearlessness/Trust: The society can become trustworthy and fearless, if each one of the member of
the society has correct understanding of other members of the society. The feeling of oneness create
the trust and fearlessness in the society.
d. Co-existence: It mean there is relationship among all the entities in the nature i.e. all the animals,
plants, and microorganisms have a coexistence e.g. ecosystem.
So, Right understanding, Prosperity, Fearlessness and Co-existence are the four comprehensive
human goals.

INTER-RELATION OF COMPREHENSIVE HUMAN GOALS

If we look at these goals which are universal and are the minimum requirement of any society to create
trust and harmony. Let us find out their interrelationship.

a. To create harmony in the society, it is always necessary to have correct understanding at the individual
level. It is the basic foundation of the society.
b. If all the individuals have right understanding about the needs of the physical facilities of the family.
He or she can assess the needs and can produce more than the family’s requirements to generate
prosperity.
c. Right understanding, prosperity at the family level leads to trust and fearlessness in the society.
d. The trust worthy and fearless, prosperous society with right understanding at the individual level can
help to have correct interaction with the nature, to help to create co-existence.
So, all the goals are interrelated, shown in the following figure:
Right Understanding

Prosperity

Fearlessness/Trust

Co-existence

PROGRAMS/PATH TO ACHIEVE COMPREHENSIVE HUMAN GOALS

Comprehensive human goals are right understanding, prosperity, fearlessness and co-existence. 
Programs/five dimensions of human society needed to achieve the comprehensive human goals are:

S.No Five Dimensions Comprehensive Human Goal

.

1 Education – Right Living (Siksha – Sanskar) Right Understanding

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2 Health – Self Regulation (Swasthya – Sanyama) Prosperity

3 Justice – Preservation (Nyaya – Suraksha) Fearlessness and co-existence

4 Production – Work (Utpadan – Kriya) Prosperity and co-existence

5 Exchange – Storage (Vinimaya – Kosh) Prosperity and Fearlessness

1. Education – Right Living: Education refers to understanding harmony at all four levels of life and
right living is to have the ability (competence) to live in harmony at all four levels of life.

The final goal of education is to achieve the continuous happiness and prosperity.

2. Health – Self Regulation: Sanyama/ Self Regulation refers to a feeling of responsibility for nurturing,
protection and right utilization of the body (According to the W.H.O. “health is the well being of the body
and mind”). When our body is physically fit to act according to the needs of the self (‘I’), and, there is
harmony among the parts of the body, it is referred to as health or swasthya.

So, self-regulation is the base of good health.

3. Justice – Preservation: Justice (nyaya) refers to harmony in the relationship between human beings
i.e. To recognise, To fulfil, To evaluate for the mutual relationship.

Preservation (suraksha) refers to harmony in the relationship between human being and the rest of nature
i.e. To recognise, To fulfil, To evaluate for the mutual prosperity.

There are three methods to develop relationship with the nature:

Man-Nature Relationship

Enrichment Conservation
Protection

Enrichment is to develop the environment this can be done by recycling of the resources, like soil, water,
forest, minerals.

Protection is mainly confined to save the wild life and rare species of plants.

Conservation is to have proper utilisation of the resources like soil, water, forest, minerals, renergy
resources etc. ‘Use them but do not abuse them’.

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Human Values & Professional Ethics (RVE 301)

4. Production - Work: To is to put efforts on the rest of the environment (forming, mining, grazing,
manufacturing etc.)
The production is the results or the output of these efforts i.e. grains from farming, minerals from
mining etc.
So, work is the physical efforts put by the persons on the environment and Production is the results of
the physical efforts.

5. Exchange – Storage: Exchange (vinimaya) refers to the exchange of physical facilities between the
members of the society, while storage (kosa) refers to the storage of physical facilities that is left after
fulfilling the needs of the family. Storage is the indication of prosperity at the family.

We can now see how these five dimensions of humanistic society are able to ensure the human goal:

Education – Right living       leads to           Right understanding

 Having the process of education and right living leads to right understanding in the individual.

Health – Self-regulation        leads to           Prosperity

 Having the program for health and sanyam leads to well-being of the body, and identification of need
for physical facilities which along with production ensures feeling of prosperity in the family.

Justice – Preservation           leads to           Fearlessness and Co-existence (respectively)

 Ensuring justice in relationship, or mutual fulfilment in relationship on the basis of values like Trust,
Respect, etc leads to fearlessness in society, while Suraksha of nature – via enrichment, protection and
right utilization leads to co-existence in nature.

Production – Work               leads to           Prosperity and Co-existence

 Production and work are for physical facilities, and this leads to a feeling of prosperity in the family.
Production is done in harmony with nature, and hence, this also leads to co-existence with nature.

Exchange – Storage              leads to           Prosperity and Fearlessness

 When we store and exchange for mutual fulfilment and not for exploitation, then it leads to fearlessness
(trust) in society.0

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Existence = co-existence = unit get submerged in sapce

units space

- Limited in size - Unlimited

- Active - Non-Active
- Self organised - Self organisation is available
- Energised - Constant Energy
- Recognise/fulfilment - Reflective and Transparent

Matetial (Gathansheel) Self- Concsciousness (Gathanpuran)

+
Material order Pranic order Animal Order
+
Atom Cell Human Order

Molecule Plant
Activity Completeness (Kriyapuranta)
35
Conduct Completeness/Definte Human Conduct
Animal
(Acharanpurnata)
Cyclic
Lump Composition-Decomposition
Fluids Human