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    GBAS - How It Works

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    Phong Tran
    GBAS augments GPS by providing corrections from ground stations to improve aircraft navigation accuracy and integrity for approaches. It broadcasts signals to within 23 miles of an airport to guide aircraft safely to the runway, providing an alternative to ILS. Current systems support Category I precision approaches, while development of GBAS Type D could allow approaches down to runway surface by 2018.

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    GBAS - How It Works

    Uploaded by

    Phong Tran
    27 views4 pages
    GBAS augments GPS by providing corrections from ground stations to improve aircraft navigation accuracy and integrity for approaches. It broadcasts signals to within 23 miles of an airport to guide aircraft safely to the runway, providing an alternative to ILS. Current systems support Category I precision approaches, while development of GBAS Type D could allow approaches down to runway surface by 2018.

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    GBAS augments GPS by providing corrections from ground stations to improve aircraft navigation accuracy and integrity for approaches. It broadcasts signals to within 23 miles of an airport to guide aircraft safely to the runway, providing an alternative to ILS. Current systems support Category I precision approaches, while development of GBAS Type D could allow approaches down to runway surface by 2018.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    27 views4 pages

    GBAS - How It Works

    Uploaded by

    Phong Tran
    GBAS augments GPS by providing corrections from ground stations to improve aircraft navigation accuracy and integrity for approaches. It broadcasts signals to within 23 miles of an airport to guide aircraft safely to the runway, providing an alternative to ILS. Current systems support Category I precision approaches, while development of GBAS Type D could allow approaches down to runway surface by 2018.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 4

    Satellite Navigation - GBAS - How It Works Page 1 of 4

    Federal Aviation
    Administration

    Satellite Navigation - GBAS - How It


    Works

    A Ground Based Augmentation System (GBAS (Ground Based Augmentation System))


    augments the existing Global Positioning System (GPS (Global Positioning System))
    used in U.S. airspace by providing corrections to aircraft in the vicinity of an airport
    in order to improve the accuracy of, and provide integrity for, these aircrafts' GPS
    navigational position. The goal of GBAS implementation is to provide an alternative
    to the Instrument Landing System (ILS (Instrument Landing System)) supporting the full
    range of approach and landing operations. Current non-federal (non-Fed) GBAS
    installations provide Category I (CAT-I (Category I)) precision approach service.
    CAT-1 GBAS is referred to internationally as GBAS Approach Service Type-C
    (GAST-C (GBAS Approach Service Type-C)) (CAT-I minima). The Federal Aviation
    Administration (FAA (Federal Aviation Administration)) work program is now focused on
    validating standards for a GBAS Approach Service Type-D (GAST-D (GBAS Approach
    Service Type-D)) (CAT-III (Category III) minima) service. The program currently projects
    a GAST-D GBAS system can be available in 2018.

    A GBAS Ground Facility typically has three or more GPS antennas, a central
    processing system (i.e., a computer), and a VHF Data Broadcast (VDB (VHF Data
    Broadcast)) transmitter all locally situated on or near an airport. GBAS airborne
    equipment consists of a GPS antenna, a Very High Frequency (VHF (Very High
    Frequency)) antenna, and associated processing equipment. On board the aircraft,
    GBAS avionics within the Multi-Mode Receiver (MMR (Multi-Mode Receiver))
    technology allows simultaneous implementation of GPS, GBAS and ILS using
    common antennas and hardware. The GBAS Ground Facility uses the VHF radio
    link to provide aircraft with GPS corrections, integrity, and approach path
    information.

    https://www.faa.gov/about/office_org/headquarters_offices/ato/service_units/techops/n... 14-Oct-20
    Satellite Navigation - GBAS - How It Works Page 2 of 4

    The GBAS, with reference antennas in known surveyed positions, receives signals
    from GPS satellites. The reference receivers measure the time of transmission
    between the GPS satellite and the reference antenna and determines the distance
    the signal traveled. The GBAS Ground Facility then compares the measured
    distance with the actual distance based on the broadcast satellite position and the
    true GPS reference receiver position, and determines the error in the measurement.
    The average error measured by all operational reference receivers represents the
    correction term the GBAS avionics needs to apply to the satellite ranges measured
    by the GBAS avionics.

    The GBAS Ground Facility also monitors general GPS satellite performance. The
    GBAS avionics only uses GPS satellites for which it receives valid ground
    corrections. When the GBAS Ground Facility determines there is a potential
    problem with a GPS satellite or when it cannot monitor a GPS satellite, it stops
    broadcasting corrections for that particular satellite, effectively preventing the GBAS
    avionics from using the satellite.

    https://www.faa.gov/about/office_org/headquarters_offices/ato/service_units/techops/n... 14-Oct-20
    Satellite Navigation - GBAS - How It Works Page 3 of 4

    The GBAS Ground Facility also includes parameters which permit the GBAS
    avionics to determine the bound on the calculated GPS position that is only likely to
    be incorrect about one time per ten million calculations, thereby providing
    confidence the calculated position is correct.

    This GBAS Ground Facility broadcasts an updated correction message two times
    every second through the VHF data broadcast (VDB). The VDB messages contain
    the corrections, integrity parameters, GBAS Ground Facility characteristics and
    approach path guidance for up to 48 approaches.

    The VDB broadcasts the GBAS signal throughout the GBAS coverage area to
    avionics in GBAS-equipped aircraft. GBAS provides its service to a local area
    (approximately a 23 nautical mile radius). The GBAS service volume is designed to
    support the aircraft as it transitions from en route airspace, through the terminal
    airspace through the precision approach and landing.

    https://www.faa.gov/about/office_org/headquarters_offices/ato/service_units/techops/n... 14-Oct-20
    Satellite Navigation - GBAS - How It Works Page 4 of 4

    The GBAS equipment in the aircraft uses the corrections to more accurately
    compute GPS position, velocity, and time to guide the aircraft safely to the runway.
    This signal provides ILS-look-alike guidance. The current system only has
    operational approval for use in weather minima to 200 feet above touchdown, with
    continued research and development to enable operational approval of the use of
    GBAS all the way to the runway surface.

    Page last modified: November 21, 2016 12:25:50 PM EST

    This page was originally published at:


    https://www.faa.gov/about/office_org/headquarters_offices/ato/service_units/techops/navservices/gnss/laas/howitworks/

    https://www.faa.gov/about/office_org/headquarters_offices/ato/service_units/techops/n... 14-Oct-20

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