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CONTENTS
1. SCOPE
2. REFERENCE DOCUMENTS
3. PERSONNEL QUALIFICATION
4. PROCEDURE
5. General
6. Heat Treatment Instruction
7. Heat Treatment Equipment
8. Heat Treatment Performance
9. Heat Treatment Record
10.

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1.1 Purpose.
1.2 This procedure establishes the methods, personnel
requirements and acceptance criteria for
performing magnetic particle examination on
Ferromagnetic components using wet” visual
method in accordance with the requirements of API
specification 5CT 11D1, and 14L. It is also applicable
when this type of magnetic particle examination is
performed on products manufactured by pri as per
the requirements of the referenced specifications.
1.3 This procedure outlines the techniques to be used
for the defection of surface and near ‘sub-surface
discontinuities in ferromagnetic materials.
2.0 Responsibility
2.1 QA/QC Manager is responsible for the implementation
of the requirements of this procedure.
3.0 References
The latest effective editions of the following
specification are incorporated as reference as reference
and form a part of this procedures.
4 API Spec 6a, twenty -first Edition – specification for
wellhead and tree equipment.

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4.0 Magnetic Particle Inspection Process - Wet Visual Black

Powder Method
4.1 Safety and Environment
4.1.1 Keep away skin & eyes from direct exposure to
Ultraviolet Light.
4.1.2 Cracked or broken ultraviolet filters shall be replaced
immediately.
4.1.3 Power cable shall be free from wear & tear and any
other defects.
4.1.4 All Power connections should be in dry condition to
prevent any short circuiting
4.1.5 Hand gloves and other PPE's should be wearing during
magnetic particle examination.
4.1.6 Dark room should be proper ventilated.
4.2 Qualification of Personnel
4.2.1 Personnel performing the examination, interpreting,
evaluation finding, and recording results of
examination shall be qualified & certified to a
minimum level ll in accordance with Instructions for
QC personnel Qualification.
4.2.2 All personnel performing examinations per this
procedure shall an annual vision examination and a
color Perception test in accordance with Instructions
for QC personnel Qualification.
4.3 Equipment & Material Requirements

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4.3.1 A horizontal wet magnetic particle machine equipped

with contact plates and coils or Portable magnetic-
bank may be used. The equipment shall include all
electronic instrumentation, mechanical devices and
accessories necessary to meet the requirements of
this procedure.
4.3.2 Alternating, rectified alternating (full or half-wave), or
direct-current electric power sources may be used.
The equipment shall have a variable current, control
and be capable of producing the required current for
circular and/or longitudinal magnetization.
 Portable electromagnetic (AC-DC) yokes may be used as
4 magnetizing apparatus, ‘provided the sensitivity to
detect crack-like defects is demonstrated and with
restrictions below.
 Electromagnetic yoke in this procedure is restricted to
small area, e.g., machined weld preparation surfaces,
grooves, welds, excavated or weld repaired areas only.
4.3.3 Magna flux powder 7c black for wet visual method.
4.3.4 White light Intensity - In visual method minimum
white light intensity is 1076 lux.
4.3.5 Gauss Meter: Magnetic Field Indicator to check
relative polarity and residual magnetic field; Range; 0-
10 Gauss with least count 1 gauss or less.
4.3.6 Field Indicator: Standard ASME pie field indicator may
be used to detect the direction of magnetic field.

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4.3.7 Notched Shims: Artificial flow Shims as per ASTM

E709 may be used to ascertain sensitivity, establish
proper field direction and ensure adequate field
strength.
Note: Use of prod technique is not permitted in this
procedure as, it may cause arcing and burned areas
resulting in a localized hardened metal and stress
riser. Clamps may be used to pass current directly
through the part provided that they have lead, copper
– brass or copper braid contacts.
4.4 Magnetic Particles Materials and Liquid Suspension
4.4.1 The particles used in wet magnetic particle
examination techniques shall consist of finely divided
ferromagnetic materials which have been treated to
impart color and on the surface being examined with
white light.
4.4.2 The magnetic particles shall have high permeability
to allow ease of magnetizing and attraction to the
discontinuity, and low retentively so they will not be
attracted (magnetic agglomeration’) to each other. The
magnetic particles shall meet applicable requirements of
ASME & BPV code ~ section V, ASTM E709/E1444.
4.4.3 Magna flux powders 7C black/ Spray may used.
4.5 calibration of Equipment {as per product
specification)

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4.5.1 Each piece of magnetizing equipment shall be

calibrated twice a year, or whenever the equipment has
been subjected to repair. If a piece of equipment has
not been used for six. (6) Or more months since last re-
calibration shall be done prior to its use.
4.5.2 Electromagnetic Yoke Lifting Force Check:
 Alternating-current electromagnetic yokes shall have
lifting force of at least ten (10) pounds (4.5 kg) with pole
leg spacing 2 to 4 inch.
 Direct current electromagnetic yokes shall having lifting
force at least 30 pounds (13.5 kg) at the 2 to 4 inch pole
leg spacing and 50 pounds (23.0 kg) with pole leg
spacing 4 to 6 inch.
 This lifting power must be determined before each use.
4.5.3 Gauss Meter - The accuracy shall be verified every
six month by equipment (test meter) whose accuracy is
verified (traceable) to NIST (National Institute of
standards and Technology) err NPL (National Physical
Laboratory India).
4.5.4 NDE equipment calibration shall be performed in.
accordance with ASTM E543.
4.6 Surface Preparation and Temperature
4.6.1 Part surfaces shall be free of water, grease oil.
Paint, rust slag and loose scale. Such surfaces may be in
the as-welded, as-rolled, as cast or as-forged condition,
however, surface preparation by grinding or machining

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may be necessary in some cases where surface

irregularities would otherwise mask the indication of
discontinuities.
4.6.2 The surface to be examined and adjacent areas
within at least 1” shall be dry and free from all dirt,
grease, lint, Scale, welding flux and spatter, oil or other
extraneous matter that could interfere with the
examination.
4.6.3 Cleaning may be accomplished by detergents,
organic solvents, de-scaling solutions, paint removers,
vapor de-greasing, sand of grit blasting and ultrasonic
cleaning method.
4.6.4 The temperature of the surface and the wet
magnetic particle suspension shall not exceed 125% F
(52℃ ).
4.7 Systems Performance
4.7.1 System Verification Checks
4.7.1.1 The system performance verification may be
performed at the beginning of each shift or after 8
hours on representative test parts containing defects
of the type, location, and size specified in the
acceptance requirements. If correct magnetic particle
indications can be produced and identified in these
representative parts, the sensitivity of the wet
magnetic particles and the overall system/inspection

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procedure is verified to be acceptable. Parts used for

verification will be demagnetized, cleaned thoroughly.
4.7.1.2 Alternatively, fabricated test pats with artificial
discontinuities like commercially available magnetic
field indicators or shims may be used to demonstrate
system performance. All applicable conditions for the
use of such test as described in this procedure shall
apply.
4.7.1.3 White Light intensity shall be 1076 lux.
4.7.2 Concentration of Wet Magnetic Particle
Suspension:
4.7.3 The strength of concentration pf the magnetic
particles in the bath must be maintained at the proper
level as recommended by the manufacturer. For visual
method the required concentration is 1.2 to 2.4 ml per
100 ml sample.
 Take a 100 ml. portion of the bath is taken from the
hose or nozzle.
 Allowed to settle for 30 minutes.
 Read the volume of particles that have settled out at
bottom of centrifuge tube. The volume setting out at the
bottom of the tube is indicative of the particle
concentration. For 7C black, the required concentration
is 1.2 to 2.4 ml per 100 ml sample.
 Check suspension for contaminants such as dirt, lint, oil,
which may affect performance of tests.

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4.8 Verification of Adequate Magnetization Level and

Direction of Magnetic Field
4.8.1 Magnetic field strength - use magnetic field
Indicators to demonstrate the boundaries of adequate
magnetizing level and desired orientation of each
Inspection.
4.8.2 A sufficient magnetic field is generated in the part
under Inspection when a clearly defined lines or test
patterns are shown in a magnetic field Indicator. These
patterns are shown when magnetic particles are applied
simultaneously with the magnetizing force.

4.9 Extent and Area of Examination:

For API 11D1 Components
 Type 1 Components and welds for Quality Grade Q1
Shall be 100% NDE Inspected using Magnetic Particles
Inspection.
 Type-1 Components and welds for Quality grade Q2
shall be NDE inspected as per sampling plan as per ISO
2859-1.
For 14L Components
 All Landing Nipples and all critically Stressed Type 1
Components shall be Magnetic Particle Inspected for
Surface defects.

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 All Pressure Containing Welds shall be Magnetic Particle

Inspected for Surface Defects.
 All Pressure Containing Cast and near net shaped forged
components shall be Magnetic Particle Inspected for
Surface defects.
4.10 Examination Method
4.11 Magnetizing Technique: The technique to be used is the
“Continuous Method". Technique is defined as, bathing
the part with inception medium to provide an abundant
source of suspended particles on the surface of the part
and terminating the bath application, simultaneously
with the initiation of the magnetizing current. The
duration of the magnetizing current is typically in the
order of 1/4 to 1/2 second and a minimum of two (2)
shots shall be applied. The second examination shall be
with the lines of magnetic flux approximately
perpendicular to those used for the first examination of
that area, a different means of magnetizing may be used
for the second examination.
4.10.2 Time of examination - Final magnetic particle
examination shall be performed when the part is in the
final heat-treated, machined or otherwise completed
condition. Intermediate examinations may be
performed as necessary.

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4.10.3 Temperature During Test - magnetic particle

examination shall not be performed on parts whose
temperature exceeds 125° F (52°C).
4.10.4 Mirrors may be used as required to maximize the
surface area examined.
4.11 Examination Sequences
4.11.1 General Requirements: Order of magnetization is
defined by part geometry. For ease of demagnetization,
follow sequence below when practical.
 First shot should be Circular Magnetization
 Second and/or final Last, shot should be Longitudinal
Magnetization.
4.12 Inspection sequence Yoke
4.12.1 Yoke-Magnetization — when electromagnetic
yokes are used to magnetize a local area, the
longitudinal field is formed between the poles.
4.12.2 Yokes may be of the fixed or articulated leg types.
Position the yoke on the surface to be examined such
that contact area is at least as much as the pole end.
4.12.3 Place Pie gauge on the surface to Identify that
magnetic flux is formed.
4.12.4 The inspection shall be repeated with the yoke
being relocated at approximately perpendicular (90°) to
the first magnetization direction forming an "X” pattern,
to ensure full coverage of the area under examination.
4.13 Evaluation of Indications

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4.13.1 All indications shall be evaluated in terms of this

procedure.
4.13.2 Only those indications with major dimensions
greater than 1/16 inch (1.6 mm) shall be relevant.
4.13.3 Linear, rounded, non-relevant, and questionable
indications are defined as below:
4.13.4 All valid indication formed by magnetic particle
examination are the result of the magnetic flux leakage
field. Indication may be relevant, non-relevant or false.
4.13.5 Linear relevant indications are those having a
length greater than three times the width.
4.13.6 A rounded indication is one of circular or elliptical
shaped with a length equal to or less than three time its
width.
4.13.7 A false indication can occur singly or in patterns as
a result of flux leakage fields created by conditions such
as changes in section inherent material properties etc.
4.14 Repairs
4.14.1 Unacceptable indications in base material may be
removed to acceptable level by grinding or machining,
provided the remaining section thickness is not below
the required minimum. Such affected area is blended
uniformly into the surrounding surface; and the final
surface is re-inspected as per this procedure.
4.14.2 Unacceptable indications in welds may be removed
by grinding or machining and blended uniformly into the

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surrounding surface provided the remaining thickness is

not below the required thickness and the final surface is
re-examined per this procedure. Burning due to arcing
especially with contact method must be repaired either
by grinding or machining.
4.14.3 Unacceptable indications removed with the
methods stated above and repaired by welding shall
have the excavation, completed, and smoothed weld
repair, including a minimum of 1/2 (13 mm) of adjacent
base metal on both sides of the weld shall be re-
examined in accordance with this procedure.
4.15 Demagnetization: When not specified by the customer;
demagnetization is required to reduce residual Fields ±
within 3 Gauss when the residual magnetic fields affect
further processing or function of the part demagnetize
by either one (1) or combinations of the following
methods.
 The part may be withdrawn from the field of a high
intensity, alternating current oil.
 Successively reversing direct current in a coil (built-in
function in magnetic-bank equipment} reduced in
appropriate increments to a state of “0” field.
 For ease of demagnetization, the sequence order of
magnetization must be followed; circular magnetization
first and then followed by longitudinal Magnetization.

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 For effective demagnetization, orient the test part in the

earth “East - West” directions.
4.16 Post-Inspection Cleaning: After completion of all
magnetic examinations, components shall be cleaned by
flushing with solvent or water and wiping with lint-free
cloth or in a manner that all magnetic particles are
completely removed from the surface of the part.
4.17 Acceptance Criteria
4.17.1 As per API 14L & 11D1.
For Finished Components, Weld Preparation of weld, Repair
weld and Pressure Containing Production weld
 Any relevant indication greater than or equal to 4.8 mm
(3/16”) is unacceptable.
 No more than 10 relevant indications in any continuous
39 cm² (6 in²) area are permitted.
 Four or more rounded relevant indications in a line
separated by less than 1.6mm (1/16") are unacceptable.
 No relevant linear indications is allowed for weldments.
4.17.2 Grinding or machining of quench cracks or are
burns are not permitted.
Defect shall be completely removed by grinding or
machining, providing the remaining wall thickness is
within specified limits, the area affected by grinding or
machining shall be blended smoothly into contour of the
tube. Where the depth of the removal exceed 10% of

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the specified wall thickness. The remaining wall

thickness shall be verified in accordance with, API 6A
10.13.4 And the resultant outside diameter at the Site of
imperfection removal shall be verified to ensure
compliance ‘with specified outside diameter
requirements. After removal of the defect, the affected
area shall be re-inspected to verify that the defect was
completely removed. The re-inspection shall be either
previous method or more sensitive method.
4.17.3 Coupling stock & accessory material
When MPI have done any non-surface breaking
imperfection detected that when outlined an outside
surface has an area greater than 260 mm2 detect size
less than above are allowed to remain in the coupling
stock & containing.
Coupling stock & accessory material containing,
Coupling stock and accessory material containing cracks
and or quench cracks within a distance of twice the
diameter from the end may be cut back, once only, to
remove the cracks. After cutting the piece shall be re-
inspected full-body, full-length, where cracks and / or
quench cracks are detected at a distance more than
twice the diameter from the ends the piece shall be
rejected.
Grinding or machining of quench cracks or arc burns is
not permitted. If a defect is not removed from coupling

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stock and accessory material within acceptable limits,

then the area shall be marked to indicate the presence
of a defect. The section of coupling stock or accessory
material containing the defect shall be cut off within the
limits of requirements on length of the intended
product.
4.4.1 Reporting
4.18.1 Reporting the magnet ¢ particle examination shall
be as per Report.
4.18.2 Following the completion of magnetic particle
examination, the NDT Technician shall record the
examination results on a Magnetic Examination Report
form which shall include the following minimum.
a) Date of examination
b) Name and/or identification & certification level for
operator.
c) Identification of the weld, part or component
examined including serial no. and other identification
d) Examination method, technique, procedure and its
revision.
e) Result of examination including if defect identification
f) Name of the organization responsible for making
report and its procedure
g) Scope of the examination and material of product
being examined
h) Identification of equipment used (serial no.)

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I) Surface condition
J) Magnetization and field strength tester identification
Note: Separate reports are required for items or
materials with recordab indications, which include a
sketch showing the locations of recordable defects.

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