DEFINTIONS OF MANAGEMENT _ Henry Fayol: to manage is to forecast and plan, to

organize, to command, to coordinate and to control. _ Donald J. Clough: Management is the

art and science of decision making and leadership. _ A distinct process consisting of
planning, organizing, directing, and controlling and evaluating to accomplish the
predetermined objectives of an institution through the coordinated use of human and material
resources. _ Is the accomplishment of results through the efforts of other people CONCEPT
OF MANAGEMENT OF EDUCATION Is the process of planning, organizing, directing
and controlling the activities of an institution by utilizing human and material resources so as
to effectively and efficiently accomplish functions of teaching, extension work and research
OBJECTIVES OF SCHOOL MANAGEMENT _
 Achievement of the institutions objectives
 Improves planning, organizing and implementing of the institution‘s activities and
processes Creating, maintaining and enhancing a good public image of the institution
 Appropriate utilization of human resources ie teaching, non teaching staff, students
 Enhances efficiency of institute
 III.1 Educational Management _ Facilitates optimum utilization of infrastructural
facilities Prevents duplication of work
 Enhances job satisfaction
 Create and maintain a congenial school climate
 Manage interpersonal conflicts, manage stress and use time effectively
 Interpersonal communication improvement
 SCOPE OF SCHOOL MANAGEMENT Scope is very wide and includes history
and theories of management science, roles and responsibilities of educational manager
as well as managerial skills _
 Includes a study of educational planning at macro level, its goals principles,
approaches and procedures and the micro level institutional planning and educational
administration _
 Helps in decision making and solving problems, Communication and managing
information and Building effective teams
 Providing human equipment ie supervisor, teachers, non teaching staff, office workers
and providing material equipment such as building, furniture, labs, library, museum
etc _ Co-curricular planning, preparing timetable
 Motivating staff and students
 Conducting staff meetings and Managing conflicts and stress
 Developing healthy and conducive school climate
 Organization of counseling and guidance
 Organization of health and physical education, Organization of exhibitions and fairs _
Maintenance of school records, Evaluating students achievements
 Financing and budgeting
 Community service
FUNCTION OF EDUCATION MANAGEMENT Function of Principal i) Planning ii)
Organising iii) Leading iv) Staffing v) Controlling
i) Planning-- Planning is a process of setting objectives and determing what should be
done to accomplish them. Planning sketches a complete mental picture of thing.
 ii) Organising-- The organising of an activities is based on a differentiation of task.
Integration of differentiated tasks by assining activities responsibilities to staff,
Structuring task and coordinating activities in a logical and meaningful order.
iii) Leading - There is distinction between managers and leaders. Leadership is path
finding and manager is path following.
iv) Satffing --- Formulating staff personal policies. Recruitment of staff.,
Seleting,orienting and assining dutie to staff. Providing staff welfare measures.
v) Controlling— Control is regulation of operation in accordance with the objectives
specified in plans. Control is essential to ensures that operations are directed towards
the attainment of organizational objectives.
TYPES OF SYSTEM 1. CLOSED SYSTEM 2. OPEN SYSTEM

Nursing Education in India

INTRODUCTION

 Nursing Council Act came to existence in 1948 to

constitute a council of nurses to safeguard the quality
of nursing education in the country.
 The mandate was to establish and maintain uniform
standards of nursing education.
 Indian Nursing Council (INC) is a statutory body that
regulates nursing education in the country through
prescription, inspection, examination, certification and
maintaining its stands for a uniform syllabus at each
level of nursing education.

There are six levels of nursing education in India today. They

are :

1. Multy Purpose Health Worker Female training (ANM

or MPHW-F)
2. Female Health Supervisor training (HV or MPHS-F)
3. General nursing and midwifery (GNM)
4. BSc. Nursing
5. MSc. nursing
6. MPhil and PhD

The ANM, HV, and GNM are conducted in schools of

nursing. The last 3 are university level courses and the
respective universities conduct examinations. Beside there are
several certificate and diploma courses in specialties.

Link to Nursing Programmes in India

GENERAL NURSING AND MIDWIFERY

 The general nursing and midwifery course is

conducted in 2178 centers in the country. (As on
12/12/2010)
 Link to the INC list of recognized
institutions http://www.indiannursingcouncil.org/pdf/g
nm-recognized-Nursing-Institution.pdf
 The syllabus has undergone many revisions according
to the change in the health plans and policies of the
Government and changing trends and advancements in
general education, nursing health sciences and medical
technology.
 The latest revision of syllabus by INC in 2004 has
increased the duration of the course from three year to
three and half year.
 The basic entrance has become intermediate or class 12
instead of earlier class 10.
 Both science and arts students are eligible.
 The focus of general nursing education is the care of
sick in the hospital. Schools of nursing are generally
attached to teaching hospitals.
 Three Board examinations are conducted, one at the
end of each year. On passing the candidates are
registered as registered nurse and mid –wife by the
respective state nursing councils.

PHILOSOPHY

 The Indian Nursing Council believes that the basic

course in nursing is a formal educational preparation
which should be based on sound education principles.
The council recognizes that the program as the
foundation on which the practice of nursing is built and
on which depends further professional education. It
also recognizes its responsibility to the society for the
continued development of student as individual nurse
and citizens.
Purpose

 The purpose of general nursing programme is to

prepare general nurse who will function as member of
the health team beginning with competence for first
level position in both hospital and community.
 The programme is generated to the health needs of the
society, the community and the individual and will
assist nurses in their personal and professional
development so that they may take their maximum
contribution to the society as individual citizens and
nurses.

Objectives

1. Demonstrate awareness of and skills required in the

nursing process in the provision of health care and
nursing of patients
2. Apply relevant knowledge from the humanities
biological and behavioral sciences in carrying out
health care and nursing activities and functions.
3. Show sensitivity and skill in human relationship and
communication in his or her daily works
4. Demonstrate skill in the problem solving methods in
nursing.
5. Gain knowledge of health resources in the community
and the country
6. Demonstrate skill in leadership
7. Demonstrate awareness of necessity of belonging to
professional organizations.
8. Promotion of health, precaution against illness,
restoration of health and rehabilitation.

Students admission

1. Age for the entrance shall be 17 years to 35 years,

provided they meet the minimum educational
requirement ie 12 years of schooling.
2. Minimum education all students should pass 12 classes
or its equivalent, preferably with science subjects
3. Admission of students shall be once a year.
4. Students should be medically fit.

The selection committee should comprise tutors, nurse

administrators, and educationalist/psychologist. The principal
of the school shall be the chairperson.

Training programme

The course in general nursing shall be of three and half years

duration as follows,--- two years practice in general nursing ,
one year  community health nursing and midwifery and six
months internship which includes nursing administration and
nursing research classes. There will be alternate course for
male students in lieu of midwifery. The ANM who wishes to
under take general nursing course will not be given any
concessions. The maximum hours per week per students shall
be 36 hours, which includes instructions and clinical field
experiences.

BACHELOR OF NURSING COURSE (BScNursing)

 Graduate nursing education started in India in the year

1946 in CMC , Vellore and in the RAK college of
nursing at Delhi university.
 At present 1373 colleges have been recognized by INC
to conduct the course under several universities in
India.
 Link to INC list of recognized
colleges http://www.indiannursingcouncil.org/pdf/bsc-
recognized-Nursing-Institution.pdf

Eligibility for admission

A candidate seeking admission should have:

1. pass the 2 year of pre university exam or equivalent as

recognized by concerned university with science
subjects ie Physics, biology and chemistry.
2. students of vocational courses
3. obtained at least 45%of total marks in science subjects
in the qualifying exam, if belongs to a scheduled caste
or tribe , should have obtained not less than 40 % of
total marks in science subjects.
4. completed 17 years of age at the time of admission or
will complete this age on or before 31st December of
the year of admission
 5. is medically fit

Objectives of study

The programme is designed :

1. to provide a balance of professional and general

education
2. to enable a student to become a professional nurse
practitioner who has self direction and is a responsible
citizen.

Through planned guided experiences students are provided

with opportunities to develop

 a broad concept of the fundamental principles of

nursing care  based on sound knowledge and
satisfactory levels of skill in providing care to people
of all ages in community or institutional setting
 understanding of the application of principles from the
physical biological and social sciences for assessing
the health status
 ability to investigate health care problems
systematically
 ability to work collaboratively with members of allied
disciplines towards attaining optimum health for all
members of the society
 understanding of fundamental principles of
administration and organization of nursing service
 understanding of human behaviour and appreciation of
effective interpersonal relationship with individuals
families and groups
 ability to assume responsibility for continuing learning
 appreciation of professional attitudes necessasary for
leadership roles in nursing appreciation of social and
ethical obligations to  society.

Course of study

The course of study leading to bachelor of nursing  degree

comprises 4 academic years.

BACHELOR OF NURSING COURSE (POST

CERTIFICATE) FOR QUALIFIED NURSES
  INC has recognized two modes of programmes at this
level.

A. Regular B.Sc (Post Basic) course for those who have

10+2 + GNM (General Nursing & Midwifery) which has a
duration of 2 years

B. Distance B.Sc (Post Basic) course for those who have

10+2 GNM + 2year Exp which has a duration of 3 years.

Philosophy and aims of the programme

 Nursing is an integral part of the health care delivery

system and shire responsibility in collaboration with
other allied health professions for the attainment of
optimal health for all members of the society.
 Education as a life long  learning process. It seeks to
render appropriate behavioral changes in students in
order to facilitate their development, which assist them
to live personally satisfied and socially useful lives.
 The goal of post certificate degree programme leading
to bachelor of science in nursing is the preparation of
the trained nurse as a generalist who accept
responsibility for enhancing the effectiveness of
Nursing care

Eligibility for admission

The candidate seeking admission must:

1. hold a certificate in General  nursing.

2. be a registered nurse
3. have minimum of two years of experience. Now it is
relaxed that no experience after GNM is required for
admission to this course.
4. have passed pre university exam in the arts
/science/commerce or its equivalent which is
recognized the university
5. be medically fit
6. have a good personal and professional record
7. have working knowledge of English

Programme of study
DURATION –the programme of the study is two academic
years from the date of commencement of programme. Terms
and vacations shall be as notified by the university from time
to time.

OBJECTIVES—the goal of the post certificate programme

leading to the bachelor of nursing is the preparation of the
trained nurses as a generaralist who accept responsibility for
enhancing the effectiveness of nursing care.

 Administer high quality nursing care to all people of

all ages in homes , hospitals and other community
agencies in urban and rural areas
 Apply knowledge from the physical, social and
behavioral sciences in assessing the health status of 
individuals and make critical judgment in assessing the
health status of the individuals and make critical
judgment in planning ,directing and evaluating
primary, acute and long term care given by themselves
and others working with them
 Investigate health care problems systematically
 Work collaboratively with members of other health
disciplines
 Teach and counsel individuals , families and other
groups about health and illness
 Understand human behavior and establish effective
interpersonal relationships
 Teach in clinical nursing situations
 Identify underlying principles from the social and
natural sciences and utilize them in adapting to , or
initiating changes in relation to those factors
 Acquire professional knowledge  and attitude in
adapting for leadership role.

DEGREE OF MASTER OF NURSING

 First two years course in masters of nursing was started

at RAK  College of Nursing in 1959.and in 1969 in
CMC Vellore. 
 At present there are 401 colleges imparting MSc
Nursing degree course in different specialties.
 INC recognized List of Colleges of Nursing for
M.Sc(N) course (2010-
 2011) http://www.indiannursingcouncil.org/pdf/msc-
recognized-Nursing-Institution.pdf

Philosophy

1. The master of nursing programme is offered by

institution of higher education and is built up on a
recognized bachelor’s curriculum in nursing (in India-
by Indian nursing council)
2. The programme prepares nurses for leadership position
in nursing and other health fields who can function as
specialists nurse practitioners, consultants ,educators
,administrators and investigators in a wide variety of
professional setting in meeting the national priorities
and the changing needs of the society
3. The programme prepares nursing graduates who are
professionally equipped ,creative, self directed and
socially motivated to effectively meet with the needs of
the social change
4. The programme encourages accountability and
commitment to life long learning which fosters
improvement of quality care

Objectives

Graduates of master of nursing programme demonstrate:

 increased cognitive ,affective and psychomotor

competencies and the ability to utilise the potentials for
effective nursing performance
 expertise in the utilization of concepts and theories for
the assessment ,planning and intervention in meeting
the self care needs of an individual for the attainment
of fullest potentials in the field of specialty.
 ability to practice independently as a nurse specialist
 ability to function effectively as nurse educators and
administrators
 ability to interpret the health related research
 ability to plan and initiate change in the health care
system
 leadership qualities for the advancement of practice of
professional nursing
 interest in life long learning for personal and
 professional learning advancement

Eligibility

The candidate seeking admission must:

1. have passed BSc. Nursing/post certificate BSc, or

nursing degree of any university
2. have a minimum of one year of experience after
obtaining BSc, in hospitals or nursing educational
institutions or community health setting
3. for BSc, nursing post certificate, no such experience is
needed after graduation the candidate shall be-a
registered nurse or registered midwife for admission to
medical surgical nursing, community health nursing,
pediatric nursing obstetric and gynecological nursing.
4. a registered nurse for admission to psychiatric nursing
5.  the candidate shall be selected on merit judged on the
basis of   academic performances in BSc nursing, post
certificate BSc, or nursing and selection tests.

Specialties

Candidate will be examined in any of the following branches

—

1. Medical Surgical Nursing -Cardio Vascular &

Thoracic Nursing
2. Medical Surgical Nursing–Critical Care Nursing
3. Medical Surgical Nursing –Oncology Nursing  
4. Medical Surgical Nursing - Neurosciences Nursing
5. Medical Surgical Nursing - Nephro- Urology Nursing
6. Medical Surgical Nursing -Orthopedic Nursing
7. Medical Surgical Nursing - Gastro Enterology Nursing
8. Obstetric & Gynaecological Nursing
9. Paediatric (Child Health) Nursing
10.Psychiatric (Mental Health) Nursing
11.Community Health Nursing

Four common papers are there included in the syllabus. They

are:

 advanced concepts of health and nursing

 education and nursing education
 bio-statistics, research methodology and nursing
 research
 administration and nursing administration

MASTER OF PHILOSOPHY PROGRAMME IN

NURSING

In 1980 RAK college of nursing started an MPhil programme

as  a regular and part time course. Since then several
universities started taking students for the MPhil course in
nursing.

Prominent among these are: MGR Medical University, Rajive

Gandhi University of Health Sciences, SNDT University and
Delhi University and Manipal Academy of Higher Education 

Philosophy

Nursing shares with the whole university a main focus of

preparing its students for service and assisting them to
achieve a meaningful philosophy of life. The student is
encouraged to develop judgment and wisdom in handling
knowledge and skills and achieve mastery of problem solving
and creative skills.

Commitment to life long learning is the mark of truly

professional person. In order to maintain clinical
competencies and enhance professional practice  the student
must stay abrupt  of the new developments and contribute to
the advancement of nursing knowledge.

Objectives

The objectives of M.Phil degree course in nursing are:

 to strengthen the research foundations of nurses for

encouraging research attitudes and problem solving
capacities
 to provide basic training required for research in
undertaking doctoral work

Duration

Duration of the full term M.Phil course will be one year and
part time course will be two year.
Course of study

At the time of admission each candidate will be required to

indicate her priorities in regard to the optional courses .a
candidate may offer one course from M Phil programme from
the department of Anthropology, education, sociology and
physiology or any suitable department. The M.Phil studies
will be into two distinct parts, part1 and part 2.

Part1----it consist of 3 courses, ie research methods in

nursing, major aspects of nursing, allied disciplines 

Part2----after passing the part1 examination, a student shall

be required to write a dissertation. The topic and the nature of
the dissertation  of each candidate will be determined by the
advisory committee consist of 3 members. The dissertation
may include results of original research, a fresh interpretation
of existing facts, and date or a review article of critical nature
of may take.

DOCTORATE OF PHILOSOPHY IN NURSING (PhD in

Nursing}

 Erlier Indian nurses were  sent abroad for Ph. D

programme.
 PhD programmes in nursing was first started in India
in 1992
 Universities where PhD programmes are conducted in
India include
1. PhD Consortium by Indian Nursing Council,
RUGHS and WHO
2. RAK College of Nursing
3. NIMHANS Banglore
4. Manipal University

Philosophy

A candidate for admission to the course for the degree of 

doctor of philosophy in the faculties of medical science must
have obtained an M Phil degree of a university or have a good
academic record with first or second class master’s degree of
an Indian or a foreign university in the concerned subject.

The candidate shall apply to the university for the admission

stating his qualifications and the subjects he proposes to
investigate  enclosing a statement  on any work he may have
done in the subject. every application  for the admission of
the course must be analyzed by  the board of research
studies. 

Board of research studies (medical sciences)- members-

 dean and the head of the departments concerned

 Principals/ head of institutions recognized for post
graduate medical studies.
 Two members nominated by the medical academic
council
 Three persons nominated by the medical faculty( for
their special knowledge in the medical science

 Eligibility criteria

 The candidate should be post graduate in nursing with

more than 55% of aggregates of marks
 Should have research background
 May or may not published articles in journals
  The course duration is far  regular PhD course is 3
years and for part time is 4 years.