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Spectrophotometric Determination of Paracetamol in Some Manufactured

Tablets in Iraqi markets.

Article · February 2017

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Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Rev. Res., 42(2), January - February 2017; Article No. 11, Pages: 53-57 ISSN 0976 – 044X

Research Article

Spectrophotometric Determination of Paracetamol in Some Manufactured Tablets in Iraqi markets.

Ahmed Mahdi Saeed*

Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Diyala, Diyala, Iraq.
*Corresponding author’s E-mail: [email protected]
Received: 23-11-2016; Revised: 08-01-2017; Accepted: 23-01-2017.
ABSTRACT
This research involved the estimation of the percent of paracetamol drug in some manufactured tablets in Iraqi markets using UV
spectroscopy method by determining the active ingredient in ten different samples of tablets and comparisons with standard
material of paracetamol. The process was conducted using different solvent (water, water – methanol mixture 95:5 v/v, water –
methanol mixture 90:10 v/v, water – ethanol mixture 95:5 v/v and water – ethanol mixture 90:10 v/v). The results of tablets
weighing indicate that there is a significant difference in weight of the tablets with RSD ranged from (0.53 – 4.89). The percentage
recovery for different solvents were found to be ranged between (98.19 – 104.16) and RSD ranged from (0.101 – 0.422). The
methods were linear in the range of 1 – 30 mg/L with an R2 of (0.9994, 0.9989, 0.9990, 0.9997 and 0.9998) for water, methanol and
ethanol respectively with a maximum absorbance at 243 nm. Linearity was determined by the regression analysis. The accuracy of
the method was validated by mean percentage recovery, which was found to be in the acceptable range of 99 ‐101.2%. The results
compare favorably with those of official methods.
Keywords: Paracetamol, Spectrophotometric, Manufactured, Tablets, Iraqi markets.

INTRODUCTION products, which may or may not comply with the

requirements of the U.S.P. 37, standard method.

P aracetamol (PCM) is used as antipyretic, analgesic

and anti-inflammatory. The antipyretic, analgesic
and anti-inflammatory effect of paracetamol is due
to inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis cyclooxygenase-1
(COX-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)1 - 3. Dosage form of
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Materials
PCM was supplied from Sammara Drug Industeries (SDI),
paracetamol has been listed in various pharmacopoeias4, Iraq.
5
. It is extensively used in the treatment of mild to
Tablets containing PCM (500 mg) were used as marketed
moderate pain and fever and available without a
formulation (Table 1). Methanol, ethanol HPLC grade
prescription6.
(BDH) and freshly prepared double distilled water were
Overdose of paracetamol can lead to hepatic necrosis or used throughout the experiment.
renal failure, particularly when concentrations in serum
Apparatus
exceed 150 μg / ml after 4 h ingestion. Nevertheless,
7
paracetamol is a very safe analgesic in therapeutic doses UV - VIS spectrophotometer (Jasco V-650 Japan),
and is available in different dosage form: tablet, capsules, sartorius balance (Germany), stirring hot plate (Korea),
drops, elixirs, suspension and suppositories. Thus, sonic bath (Korea), shaking water bath (Taiwan) and
determination of paracetamol in pharmaceuticals (quality furnace (Germany) were used through this study.
control) and in biological fluids (overdose monitoring) is
Preparation of Stock Solutions for Paracetamol (1000
of great interest.
mg/L)
Numerous analytical methods were reported for the
Five portions of 0.1 g of standard paracetamol were
determination of paracetamol in pharmaceuticals such as,
weighed and dissolved in (water, water – methanol
spectrophotometric8-11, chromatographic (HPLC) 12-15,
mixture 95:5 v/v, water – methanol mixture 90:10 v/v,
volumetric16, electrochemical17,18, in addition
19 water – ethanol mixture 95:5 v/v and water – ethanol
topolarography . Because PCM is being increasingly used
mixture 90:10 v/v) respectively, transferred to a 100 ml
for therapeutic purposes, its determination and quality
volumetric flask and completed to the mark with the
control are of vital importance and one of the
same solvent.
determining techniques most frequently used in
20
pharmaceutical analysis is UV – VIS spectrophotometry . More diluted solutions were prepared by simple dilution
The aim of the present work is to use the ease and of stock solution of the above solutions.
accurate spectrophotometric method for the determine
Procedure for the Paracetamol Assay in Pharmaceuticals
the paracetamol content in tablet sample from different
Tablets
pharmaceutical companies available in Iraqi
pharmaceutical market, to give information about these Ten tablets were accurately weighed and crushed to a

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Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Rev. Res., 42(2), January - February 2017; Article No. 11, Pages: 53-57 ISSN 0976 – 044X

powder. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Amount equivalent to 0.1 g was weighed, dissolved in Determination of Wavelength (λmax) of Paracetamol
(water, water – methanol mixture 95:5 v/v, water –
The UV-VIS spectra of solutions containing 100 mg/L
methanol mixture 90:10 v/v, water – ethanol mixture
paracetamol were carried out and the maximum
95:5 v/v and water – ethanol mixture 90:10 v/v)
absorbance was found at (λmax = 243 nm) for all solutions
respectively, transferred to a 100 ml volumetric flask and
as shown in Figure 1.
completed to the mark with the same solvent.
Weighing of the Tablet Samples
A known volume containing the appropriate amount of
paracetamol corresponding to the range of the Ten tablets from each sample were weighty individually
calibration graph was further transferred in 25 ml flask and the results obtained were illustrated in Table 1,
and analyzed at the same λmax applied for standard which revealed that there is a significant difference in the
measurements. weight of the tablets for the same company due to the
high values of standard deviation ranged from 0.53 –
The equation of straight line was applied to calculate
4.89.
Paracetamol concentration & its weight.

Figure 1: Absorption Spectrum of a (100 mg/L) paracetamol solution

Table 1: List of Samples under Study

Manufactured Expired The mean of tablet R.S.D

Sample Name Company Country
Date Date weight (mg) n = 10

Paracetamol Haditha Iraq 2/2015 2/2018 650 1.78

Panadol Unipharma (gsk) GlaxoSmithKline 4/2015 4/2018 583 0.53
Paracetamol MEHECO China 12/2014 11/2017 550 1.63
Panda JOSWE Jordan – Sweden 3/2014 4/2017 557 1.97
Pmol Oman Jordan 8/2014 8/2017 600 2.00
Piodol Pioneer Iraq 8/2015 8/2018 547 0.64
Paracetamol SDI Iraq 8/2015 8/2018 629 1.60
APMOL NKD India 12/2014 11/2017 600 1.66
adol Julphar U.E.A 3/2015 3/2018 630 1.58
Paracetamol TROGE Germany 10/2013 10/2017 593 4.89

The active substance is paracetamol and each tablet contains 500 mg of paracetamol as written on the claim with other
ingredients are maize, starch, potassium sorbate, purified talc, stearic acid, povidone, and soluble starch.
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Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Rev. Res., 42(2), January - February 2017; Article No. 11, Pages: 53-57 ISSN 0976 – 044X

Table 2: Summary of linear regression for the variation of absorbance verses paracetamol concentration using first
degree equation of known form y = b [X] + a

Calculated (t) values Molar

Type of Linear range Straight line equation Correlation Percentage
2 √ Absorptivity
solvent (Mg/L) Abs. = b [X] + a coefficient (r) linearity (r %) t cal. = -1 -1
√ L. mol. . Cm
y = 0.0126 [X] +
Water 1 - 30 0.9996 99.94 115.42 >> 2.31 1.8487 x 103
(- 0.0015)
5% methanol 1 - 30 y = 0.0117 [X] + 0.0081 0.9994 99.89 85.66 >> 2.31 1.9566 x 103
y = 0.0117 [X] +
5% ethanol 1 - 30 0.9994 99.90 88.33 >> 2.31 1.9365 x 103
0.007
3
10% methanol 1 - 30 y = 0.0134 [X] + 0.0003 0.9998 99.97 163.46>> 2.31 2.0012 x 10
y = 0.0129 [X] +
10% ethanol 1 - 30 0.9998 99.98 122.81>> 2.31 1.9569 x 103
0.0019

Table 3: Accuracy and Precision of Proposed Method for the Determination of Paracetamol in Aqueous Solutions
Paracetamol mg/L
% Recovery % Error RSD n = 3
Taken Found
5 5.03 100.6 Mean = 100.26 0.60 0.12
15 14.85 99.0 SD = 0.9285 1.00 0.16
25 25.30 101.2 RSD = 0.926 1.20 0.21

Table 4: Comparison between the New Method and Official Method

% Recovery
Sample No. Drug Sample
New Method Official Method
1 Pure PAC 100.6 100
2 SID 102.5 101.8
3 Haditha 98.99 99.7
4 Julphar 99.44 100

*n=3
** U.S.P. 37, standard method.
T-test carried out as shown in Table 4, indicated that there was no significant difference between the developed method
and the official one at 95% confidence interval as the calculated t-value (0.69) is less than tabulated one (2.78) also.
Table 5: Summery of the estimated quantity of paracetamol in tablets using different types of solvents.
The values of recovery for different solvents Acceptance
Paracetamol
Company 5% 10% criteria
water 5% ethanol 10% ethanol mg in claim
methanol methanol U.S.P. 37
Haditha 494.2 495.3 495.05 494.50 495.70 500
gsk 491.0 491.0 492.70 490.93 492.27 500
MEHECO 519.8 520.8 518.40 518.67 517.43 500
*
JOSWE 510.2 507.2 510.00 505.40 509.67 500 NLT 90.0%
Oman 491.9 495.3 495.60 495.37 496.87 500
450 mg.
Pioneer 492.5 493.8 494.75 493.53 493.37 500
SDI 513.0 514.1 511.65 513.86 510.27 500 NMT** 110.0%
NKD 491.6 492.9 494.35 492.60 492.53 500
Julphar 495.5 498.7 496.75 498.47 496.63 500 550 mg.

TROGE 509.3 516.1 513.15 516.40 511.63 500

*NLT = Not less than; **NMT = Not more than

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Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Rev. Res., 42(2), January - February 2017; Article No. 11, Pages: 53-57 ISSN 0976 – 044X

Preparation of Calibration Graph and Linearity Study 98.19 - 104.16 %, which confirmed the validity of the
method for the analysis of paracetamol in pharmaceutical
For determining the linearity, a series of solutions with a
formulations.
different paracetamol concentration range of (1, 3, 5, 8,
10, 12, 15, 20, 25, 30 mg/L) were prepared by simple
dilution of stock solutions. The absorbance of these
solutions was measured at (λmax = 243 nm). The
calibration graphs were obtained by plotting absorbance
versus known concentrations in mg/L. Figures 3 shows
the calibration graph plots of the paracetamol in water
and the obtained results were tabulated in Table 2, which
show that the values of tcal are larger than ttab values. The
methods were linear with an R2 of (0.9994, 0.9989,
0.9990, 0.9997 and 0.9998) for water, methanol and
ethanol respectively, indicating that there is a strong
correlation between the variation of concentration and
response. . Linearity was determined by the regression
analysis.

Figure 3: The % recovery of paracetamol for different

samples
CONCLUSION
A simple and rapid UV spectrophotometric method was
developed and validated for the quantitative
determination of paracetamol in bulk and pharmaceutical
formulations.
The obtained results indicate that the quantity of
paracetamol in tablets is accepted within the normal
percentage 90%-110%, according to U.S. P.37 and there is
Figure 2: Calibration Graph for Paracetamol using Water a significant difference in the weights of tablets in the
as Solvent same sample of all companies.
2
Accuracy and Precision of Proposed Method The methods were linear with an R of (0.9994, 0.9989,
0.9990, 0.9997 and 0.9998) for water, methanol and
Paracetamol was determined at three different selected ethanol respectively.
concentrations (5, 15, 25 mg/L). The obtained results
were shown in Table 3, which indicated that the proposed The comparison of the results obtained from the
method for the determination of paracetamol using this application of five solvents on the test sample, indicates
method was quite satisfactory in reality with respect to that the adol (Julphar) is the most effective one among
the procedure and parameters calculated. them.
Acknowledgement: The author would like to express his
The Applications (estimated of paracetamol quantity in
tablets) gratitude to the University of Diyala, College of Science,
Department of chemistry, graduate studies Saja Alaa
Ten types of pharmaceutical formulations containing Hameed, Noor Sadiq Abass and Dalya Wady Getab for
paracetamol have been analyzed as described under providing lab and research facilities to complete this
recommended procedure; a good accuracy and precision work.
were obtained. The obtained results were confirmed the
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Source of Support: Nil, Conflict of Interest: None.

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