MODERN AGRICULTURE DEVELOPEMNT SYSTEM

1. Introduction

The factors, which determine the availability of agricultural products at

the local level (farm, village), are environmental conditions and management. The
environment includes biophysical factors (climate, soil, pests, land available), while
management encompasses the decisions taken by farmers themselves. Management
decisions are determined by the knowledge of the interactions between the
environment, the characteristics of crops and animals, technology, economic factors
and the institutional context (including customs, government rules, etc). By definition,
economic factors play a relatively minor role for subsistence farmers. Among the
listed factors, weather remains the largest source of variability of farm outputs,
directly and indirectly (pests). Depending on the level of development, roughly 20 to
80% of the inter-annual variability of yields stems for the variability of weather.
Losses due to pests, diseases and weeds are normally around 15% (Oerke et al., 1994).
Post-harvest losses are also of the same order of magnitude. Extreme agro
meteorological events are factors, which often are at the same time rare (low statistical
frequency) and characterized by high intensities. They include for instance large pest
outbreaks, fire, torrential rains, tropical cyclones etc. They can provoke massive
destruction of infrastructure, crops, livestock, fishing gear, etc. and the loss of human
life (Gommes, 1999a, 1999c). Extreme events are not dealt with in this paper for
methodological reasons and because far more losses are associated with the chronic
and inconspicuous effects of climate variability, like droughts, local pest attacks,
biodegradation of agricultural materials, hail etc. In spite of their variability, rainfall,
sunshine etc. constitute basic environmental resources. Agro meteorology has the
threefold objective of studying the agro climatic resources, to assess their impact
(positive and negative) on agriculture, and to use the knowledge to improve yields.

Dept. of CSE,TU 1
 MODERN AGRICULTURE DEVELOPEMNT SYSTEM

2. Existing System

 The existing system is effect less

 A lot time taken
 Process Is very slow.

2.2. Proposed System

 The major activities of the system are to receive various types of grievances
from citizens, facilitate speedy processing of grievances received, updating the
status of grievances as and when required, informing the citizen about the
action taken by the MC and generation of reports.
 User-friendly menu based access to the processes in the system with different
access paths to different users to ensure the easier access to all the users.

Expected Advantages of Proposed System

The system is very simple in design and to implement. The system

requires very low system resources and the system will work in almost all
configurations. It has got following features

 Ensure data accuracy’s.

 Proper control of the higher officials.
 Reduce the damages of the machines.
 Minimize manual data entry.
 Minimum time needed for the various processing.
 Greater efficiency.
 Better service.
 User friendliness and interactive.
 Minimum time required.

Dept. of CSE,TU 2
 MODERN AGRICULTURE DEVELOPEMNT SYSTEM

3. SYSTEM REQUIREMENT SPECIFICATION

3.1. Modules

1. Admin
2. Former(User)

1. ADMINISTRATIVE MODULE

This module provides administrator related functionalities. Administrator can

view the all question from the user an answer it for daily.

2. USER MODULE

This module is about users of this portal. By using this module user can lodge
any question about agriculture User must be registered with the system.

System Configuration:-

Functional Requirements:

1. Users must be registering their details. Each user having own username and
password.
2. Crime details will be displayed to the authorized persons.
3. Reduce error scope.

Non- Functional Requirements:

1. 24 X 7 availability.
2. Offline functionality.
3. Details will be case in-sensitive.
4. Professional look and feel.

Dept. of CSE,TU 3
 MODERN AGRICULTURE DEVELOPEMNT SYSTEM

3.2 SDLC Methodology Waterfall Model

Waterfall Model is efficient for this project because of life cycle each phase is
completed in sequence and then the results of the phase flow on to the next phase.
There is no going back once the phase is completed. This process defines definite
starting and ending points of a project. It is short-term project, so the waterfall is
suitable for this project.

Following is a diagrammatic representation of different phases of waterfall

model.

The sequential phases in Waterfall model are:

 Requirement Gathering and analysis: All possible requirements of the

system to be developed are captured in this phase and documented in a
requirement specification doc.

Dept. of CSE,TU 4
 MODERN AGRICULTURE DEVELOPEMNT SYSTEM

 System Design: The requirement specifications from first phase are studied in
this phase and system design is prepared. System Design helps in specifying
hardware and system requirements and also helps in defining overall system
architecture.

 Implementation: With inputs from system design, the system is first

developed in small programs called units, which are integrated in the next
phase. Each unit is developed and tested for its functionality which is referred
to as Unit Testing.

 Integration and Testing: All the units developed in the implementation phase
are integrated into a system after testing of each unit. Post integration the
entire system is tested for any faults and failures.

 Deployment of system: Once the functional and non functional testing is

done, the product is deployed in the customer environment or released into the
market.

 Maintenance: There are some issues which come up in the client

environment. To fix those issues patches are released. Also to enhance the
product some better versions are released. Maintenance is done to deliver
these changes in the customer environment.

All these phases are cascaded to each other in which progress is seen as flowing
steadily downwards (like a waterfall) through the phases. The next phase is started
only after the defined set of goals are achieved for previous phase and it is signed off,
so the name "Waterfall Model". In this model phases do not overlap.

Dept. of CSE,TU 5
 MODERN AGRICULTURE DEVELOPEMNT SYSTEM

Software and Hardware Specifications

3.3 Software Required:

 Operating System :Windows 95/98/2000/NT4.0.

 Application Server : Apache Tomcat7.0

 Front End : HTML.

 Scripts : JavaScript.

 Database : MySql.

 Scripting Language : PHP

 Database Connectivity : phpMyAdmin

3.4Hardware Required:

 System : Pentium IV 2.4 GHz

 Hard Disk : 40 GB

 Floppy Drive : 1.44 MB

 Monitor : 15 VGA colour

 Mouse : Logitech.

 Keyboard : 110 keys enhanced.

 RAM : 256 MB

Dept. of CSE,TU 6
 MODERN AGRICULTURE DEVELOPEMNT SYSTEM

4. SYSTEM DESIGN

4.1. Usecase Reports

4.2 Sequence Diagram

Dept. of CSE,TU 7
 MODERN AGRICULTURE DEVELOPEMNT SYSTEM

4.3. Activity Diagram

4.4. Class Diagram

Dept. of CSE,TU 8
 MODERN AGRICULTURE DEVELOPEMNT SYSTEM

4.5. E-R Diagram

Dept. of CSE,TU 9
 MODERN AGRICULTURE DEVELOPEMNT SYSTEM

5. TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION

HTML
HTML, an initialism of Hypertext Markup Language, is the predominant markup
language for web pages. It provides a means to describe the structure of text-based
information in a document — by denoting certain text as headings, paragraphs, lists, and so
on — and to supplement that text with interactive forms, embedded images, and other objects.
HTML is written in the form of labels (known as tags), surrounded by angle brackets. HTML
can also describe, to some degree, the appearance and semantics of a document, and can
include embedded scripting language code which can affect the behavior of web browsers and
other HTML processors.

HTML is also often used to refer to content of the MIME type text/html or even more
broadly as a generic term for HTML whether in its XML-descended form (such as XHTML
1.0 and later) or its form descended directly from SGML Hyper Text Markup Language

Hypertext Markup Language (HTML), the languages of the World Wide Web (WWW),
allows users to produces Web pages that include text, graphics and pointer to other Web
pages (Hyperlinks).

HTML is not a programming language but it is an application of ISO Standard 8879,

SGML (Standard Generalized Markup Language), but specialized to hypertext and adapted to
the Web. The idea behind Hypertext is that instead of reading text in rigid linear structure, we

Dept. of CSE,TU 10
 MODERN AGRICULTURE DEVELOPEMNT SYSTEM

can easily jump from one point to another point. We can navigate through the information
based on our interest and preference. A markup language is simply a series of elements, each
delimited with special characters that define how text or other items enclosed within the
elements should be displayed. Hyperlinks are underlined or emphasized works that load to
other documents or some portions of the same document.

HTML can be used to display any type of document on the host computer, which can
be geographically at a different location. It is a versatile language and can be used on any
platform or desktop.

HTML provides tags (special codes) to make the document look attractive. HTML
tags are not case-sensitive. Using graphics, fonts, different sizes, color, etc., can enhance the
presentation of the document. Anything that is not a tag is part of the document itself.

Basic HTML Tags:

<! -- --> specifies comments

<A>……….</A> Creates hypertext links

<B>……….</B> Formats text as bold

<BIG>……….</BIG> Formats text in large font.

<BODY>…</BODY> Contains all tags and text in the HTML

document

<CENTER>...</CENTER> Creates text

<DD>…</DD> Definition of a term

<DL>...</DL> Creates definition list

<FONT>…</FONT> Formats text with a particular font

<FORM>...</FORM> Encloses a fill-out form

<FRAME>...</FRAME> Defines a particular frame in a set of frames

<H#>…</H#> Creates headings of different levels(1 – 6 )

Dept. of CSE,TU 11
 MODERN AGRICULTURE DEVELOPEMNT SYSTEM

<HEAD>...</HEAD> Contains tags that specify information about a

document

<HR>...</HR> Creates a horizontal rule

<HTML>…</HTML> Contains all other HTML tags

<META>...</META> Provides meta-information about a document

<SCRIPT>…</SCRIPT> Contains client-side or server-side script

<TABLE>…</TABLE> Creates a table

<TD>…</TD> Indicates table data in a table

<TR>…</TR> Designates a table row

<TH>…</TH> Creates a heading in a table

Attributes

The attributes of an element are name-value pairs, separated by "=", and

written within the start label of an element, after the element's name. The value should
be enclosed in single or double quotes, although values consisting of certain
characters can be left unquoted in HTML (but not XHTML).Leaving attribute values
unquoted is considered unsafe.

Most elements take any of several common attributes: id, class, style and title.
Most also take language-related attributes: lang and dir.

The id attribute provides a document-wide unique identifier for an element.

This can be used by stylesheets to provide presentational properties, by browsers to
focus attention on the specific element or by scripts to alter the contents or
presentation of an element. The class attribute provides a way of classifying similar
elements for presentation purposes. For example, an HTML document (or a set of
documents) may use the designation class="notation" to indicate that all elements
with this class value are all subordinate to the main text of the document (or
documents). Such notation classes of elements might be gathered together and

Dept. of CSE,TU 12
 MODERN AGRICULTURE DEVELOPEMNT SYSTEM

presented as footnotes on a page, rather than appearing in the place where they appear
in the source HTML.

An author may use the style non-attributal codes presentational properties to a

particular element. It is considered better practice to use an element’s son- id page and
select the element with a stylesheet, though sometimes this can be too cumbersome
for a simple ad hoc application of styled properties. The title is used to attach
subtextual explanation to an element. In most browsers this title attribute is displayed
as what is often referred to as a tooltip. The generic inline span element can be used to
demonstrate these various non-attributes.

The preceding displays as HTML (pointing the cursor at the abbreviation

should display the title text in most browsers).

Advantages

 A HTML document is small and hence easy to send over the net. It is small
because it does not include formatted information.
 HTML is platform independent.
 HTML tags are not case-sensitive.

JavaScript

JavaScript is a script-based programming language that was developed by

Netscape Communication Corporation. JavaScript was originally called Live Script
and renamed as JavaScript to indicate its relationship with Java. JavaScript supports
the development of both client and server components of Web-based applications. On
the client side, it can be used to write programs that are executed by a Web browser
within the context of a Web page. On the server side, it can be used to write Web
server programs that can process information submitted by a Web browser and then
update the browser’s display accordingly.

Even though JavaScript supports both client and server Web programming, we
prefer JavaScript at Client side programming since most of the browsers supports it.
JavaScript is almost as easy to learn as HTML, and JavaScript statements can be
included in HTML documents by enclosing the statements between a pair of scripting
tags

Dept. of CSE,TU 13
 MODERN AGRICULTURE DEVELOPEMNT SYSTEM

<SCRIPTS>..</SCRIPT>.

<SCRIPT LANGUAGE = “JavaScript”>

JavaScript statements

</SCRIPT>

Here are a few things we can do with JavaScript:

 Validate the contents of a form and make calculations.

 Add scrolling or changing messages to the Browser’s status line.
 Animate images or rotate images that change when we move the mouse over
them.
 Detect the browser in use and display different content for different browsers.
 Detect installed plug-ins and notify the user if a plug-in is required.
We can do much more with JavaScript, including creating entire application.
Advantages

 JavaScript can be used for Sever-side and Client-side scripting.

 It is more flexible than VBScript.
 JavaScript is the default scripting languages at Client-side since all the browsers
supports it.

PHP Technology

The PHP Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP) is a programming language that

allows web developers to create dynamic content that interacts with databases. PHP
is basically used for developing web based software applications. PHP is an
interpreted language, i.e. there is no need for compilation.PHP is a server side
scripting language.PHP is faster than other scripting language e.g. asp and jsp.

PHP started out as a small open source project that evolved as more and more
people found out how useful it was. RasmusLerdorf unleashed the first version of
PHP way back in 1994.

 PHP is a recursive acronym for "PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor".

Dept. of CSE,TU 14
 MODERN AGRICULTURE DEVELOPEMNT SYSTEM

 PHP is a server side scripting language that is embedded in HTML. It is used

to manage dynamic content, databases, session tracking, even build entire e-
commerce sites.

 It is integrated with a number of popular databases, including MySQL,

PostgreSQL, Oracle, Sybase, Informix, and Microsoft SQL Server.

 PHP is pleasingly zippy in its execution, especially when compiled as an

Apache module on the Unix side. The MySQL server, once started, executes
even very complex queries with huge result sets in record-setting time.

 PHP supports a large number of major protocols such as POP3, IMAP, and
LDAP. PHP4 added support for Java and distributed object architectures
(COM and CORBA), making n-tier development a possibility for the first
time.

 PHP is forgiving: PHP language tries to be as forgiving as possible.

 PHP Syntax is C-Like.

Common uses of PHP:

 PHP performs system functions, i.e. from files on a system it can create, open,
read, write, and close them.

 PHP can handle forms, i.e. gather data from files, save data to a file, through
email you can send data, return data to the user.

 You add, delete, modify elements within your database through PHP.

 Access cookies variables and set cookies.

 Using PHP, you can restrict users to access some pages of your website.

 It can encrypt data.

Characteristics of PHP
Five important characteristics make PHP's practical nature possible −

 Simplicity

Dept. of CSE,TU 15
 MODERN AGRICULTURE DEVELOPEMNT SYSTEM

 Efficiency

 Security

 Flexibility

 Familiarity

"Hello World" Script in PHP

To get a feel for PHP, first start with simple PHP scripts. Since "Hello, World!" is an
essential example, first we will create a friendly little "Hello, World!" script.

As mentioned earlier, PHP is embedded in HTML. That means that in amongst your
normal HTML (or XHTML if you're cutting-edge) you'll have PHP statements like
this −

<html>

<head>

<title>Hello World</title>

</head>

<body>

<?php echo "Hello, World!";?>

</body>

</html>

It will produce following result −

Hello, World!

Dept. of CSE,TU 16
 MODERN AGRICULTURE DEVELOPEMNT SYSTEM

If you examine the HTML output of the above example, you'll notice that the PHP
code is not present in the file sent from the server to your Web browser. All of the
PHP present in the Web page is processed and stripped from the page; the only thing
returned to the client from the Web server is pure HTML output.

All PHP code must be included inside one of the three special markup tags ate are
recognised by the PHP Parser.

<?php PHP code goes here ?>

<? PHP code goes here ?>

<scriptlanguage="php"> PHP code goes here </script>

A most common tag is the <?php...?> and we will also use the same tag in our
tutorial.

From the next chapter we will start with PHP Environment Setup on your machine
and then we will dig out almost all concepts related to PHP to make you comfortable
with the PHP language.

Database:

A database management system (DBMS) is computer software designed for

the purpose of managing databases, a large set of structured data, and run operations
on the data requested by numerous users. Typical examples of DBMSs include
Oracle, DB2, Microsoft Access, Microsoft SQL Server, Firebird, PostgreSQL,
MySQL, SQLite, FileMaker and Sybase Adaptive Server Enterprise. DBMSs are
typically used by Database administrators in the creation of Database systems.
Typical examples of DBMS use include accounting, human resources and customer
support systems.

Dept. of CSE,TU 17
 MODERN AGRICULTURE DEVELOPEMNT SYSTEM

Originally found only in large companies with the computer hardware needed
to support large data sets, DBMSs have more recently emerged as a fairly standard
part of any company back office.

Description

A DBMS is a complex set of software programs that controls the organization,

storage, management, and retrieval of data in a database. A DBMS includes:

 A modeling language to define the schema of each database hosted in the

DBMS, according to the DBMS data model.
 The four most common types of organizations are the hierarchical, network,
relational and object models. Inverted lists and other methods are also used. A
given database management system may provide one or more of the four
models. The optimal structure depends on the natural organization of the
application's data, and on the application's requirements (which include
transaction rate (speed), reliability, maintainability, scalability, and cost).
 The dominant model in use today is the ad hoc one embedded in SQL, despite
the objections of purists who believe this model is a corruption of the
relational model, since it violates several of its fundamental principles for the
sake of practicality and performance. Many DBMSs also support the Open
Database Connectivity API that supports a standard way for programmers to
access the DBMS.
 Data structures (fields, records, files and objects) optimized to deal with very
large amounts of data stored on a permanent data storage device (which
implies relatively slow access compared to volatile main memory).
 A database query language and report writer to allow users to interactively
interrogate the database, analyze its data and update it according to the users
privileges on data.
 It also controls the security of the database.
 Data security prevents unauthorized users from viewing or updating the
database. Using passwords, users are allowed access to the entire database or

Dept. of CSE,TU 18
 MODERN AGRICULTURE DEVELOPEMNT SYSTEM

subsets of it called subschemas. For example, an employee database can

contain all the data about an individual employee, but one group of users may
be authorized to view only payroll data, while others are allowed access to
only work history and medical data.
 If the DBMS provides a way to interactively enter and update the database, as
well as interrogate it, this capability allows for managing personal databases.
However, it may not leave an audit trail of actions or provide the kinds of
controls necessary in a multi-user organization. These controls are only
available when a set of application programs are customized for each data
entry and updating function.
 A transaction mechanism, that ideally would guarantee the ACID properties,
in order to ensure data integrity, despite concurrent user accesses (concurrency
control), and faults (fault tolerance).
 It also maintains the integrity of the data in the database.
 The DBMS can maintain the integrity of the database by not allowing more
than one user to update the same record at the same time. The DBMS can help
prevent duplicate records via unique index constraints; for example, no two
customers with the same customer numbers (key fields) can be entered into the
database. See ACID properties for more information (Redundancy avoidance).

The DBMS accepts requests for data from the application program and
instructs the operating system to transfer the appropriate data.

When a DBMS is used, information systems can be changed much more easily
as the organization's information requirements change. New categories of data can be
added to the database without disruption to the existing system.

Organizations may use one kind of DBMS for daily transaction processing and
then move the detail onto another computer that uses another DBMS better suited for
random inquiries and analysis. Overall systems design decisions are performed by
data administrators and systems analysts. Detailed database design is performed by
database administrators.

Database servers are specially designed computers that hold the actual
databases and run only the DBMS and related software. Database servers are usually
multiprocessor computers, with RAID disk arrays used for stable storage. Connected

Dept. of CSE,TU 19
 MODERN AGRICULTURE DEVELOPEMNT SYSTEM

to one or more servers via a high-speed channel, hardware database accelerators are
also used in large volume transaction processing environments.

DBMSs are found at the heart of most database applications. Sometimes DBMSs are
built around a private multitasking kernel with built-in networking support although
nowadays these functions are left to the operating system.

SQL

Structured Query Language (SQL) is the language used to manipulate

relational databases. SQL is tied very closely with the relational model.

In the relational model, data is stored in structures called relations or tables.

SQL statements are issued for the purpose of:

Data definition: Defining tables and structures in the database (DDL used to create,
alter and drop schema objects such as tables and indexes).

Data manipulation: Used to manipulate the data within those schema objects (DML
Inserting, Updating, Deleting the data, and Querying the Database).

A schema is a collection of database objects that can include: tables, views,

indexes and sequences

List of SQL statements that can be issued against an Oracle database schema
are:

 ALTER - Change an existing table, view or index definition (DDL)

 AUDIT - Track the changes made to a table (DDL)
 COMMENT - Add a comment to a table or column in a table (DDL)
 COMMIT - Make all recent changes permanent (DML - transactional)
 CREATE - Create new database objects such as tables or views (DDL)
 DELETE- Delete rows from a database table (DML)
 DROP - Drop a database object such as a table, view or index (DDL)
 GRANT - Allow another user to access database objects such as tables or
views (DDL)
 INSERT - Insert new data into a database table (DML)
 No AUDIT - Turn off the auditing function (DDL)

Dept. of CSE,TU 20
 MODERN AGRICULTURE DEVELOPEMNT SYSTEM

 REVOKE - Disallow a user access to database objects such as tables and

views (DDL)
 ROLLBACK - Undo any recent changes to the database (DML -
Transactional)
 SELECT - Retrieve data from a database table (DML)
 TRUNCATE - Delete all rows from a database table (can not be rolled back)
(DML)
 UPDATE- Change the values of some data items in a database table (DML)

MySQL

MySQL is the most popular Open Source Relational SQL database

management system. MySQL is one of the best RDBMS being used for
developing web-based software applications.MySQL can be used for a variety
of applications, but is most commonly found on Web servers. A website that
uses MySQL may include Web pages that access information from a
database. These pages are often referred to as "dynamic," meaning the content
of each page is generated from a database as the page loads. Websites that use
dynamic Web pages are often referred to as database-driven websites.

Dreamweaver

Adobe Dreamweaver is a proprietary web development tool developed by

Adobe Systems. Dreamweaver was created by Macromedia in 1997,and was
maintained by them until Macromedia was acquired by Adobe Systems in
2005. Adobe Dreamweaver is available for macOS and for Windows.Adobe
Dreamweaver CC is a web design and development application that combines
a visual design surface known as Live View and a code editor with standard
features such as syntax highlighting, code completion, and code collapsing as
well as more sophisticated features such as real-time syntax checking and code
introspection for generating code hints to assist the user in writing code.

Xampp

Dept. of CSE,TU 21
 MODERN AGRICULTURE DEVELOPEMNT SYSTEM

XAMPP stands for Cross-Platform (X), Apache (A), MySQL (M), PHP (P)
and Perl (P). It is a simple, lightweight Apache distribution that makes it
extremely easy for developers to create a local web server for testing
purposes. Everything you need to set up a web server – server application
(Apache), database (MySQL), and scripting language (PHP) – is included in
a simple extractable file. XAMPP is also cross-platform, which means it
works equally well on Linux, Mac and Windows.

I am using XamppServer for my project, you can download it from the

following link:
http://www.apachefriends.org/en/xampp-windows.html
After downloading, just follow the following step to start xampp server:

Step1 - Install XAMPP

Step2- Assumeyou installed xampp in C Drive.

Go to: C:\xampp\htdocs. Create your own folder, name it for
example as peer review.

Step3 - Now create your first php program in xampp and name it
as “add.php”:

Figure: add.php

Dept. of CSE,TU 22
 MODERN AGRICULTURE DEVELOPEMNT SYSTEM

Step4 - Now double click on “XAAMP CONTROL PANEL” on desktop and

START “Apache”
(icon also appears on the bottom)

Figure: Xampp control panel

Step5 - Type localhost on your browser and press enter:

It will show the following:

Figure: localhost

Dept. of CSE,TU 23
 MODERN AGRICULTURE DEVELOPEMNT SYSTEM

Figure: PHP(XAMPP)

Dept. of CSE,TU 24
 MODERN AGRICULTURE DEVELOPEMNT SYSTEM

6.Coding

Login Code: (HTML )

<div class="login">

<header class="login-header">

<span class="text">LOGIN</span>

<span class="loader"></span></header>

<form class="login-form" action="slogin.php" method="post">

<input type="text" placeholder="Username" class="login-input" name="a" id="a"

required/>

<input type="password" placeholder="Password" class="login-input" name="b"

id="b" required/>

<button type="submit" class="login-btn">login</button></form></div>

<script src="js/index.js"></script>

Login code (PHP CODE) :

<?php

$uname=$_POST['a'];

$password=$_POST['b'];

$sqls = "SELECT count(*) FROM admin where uname='$uname' and

password='$password'";

$result = $conn->query($sqls);

$count=0;

while($row = $result->fetch_assoc())

$count=$row["count(*)"];

}
Dept. of CSE,TU 25
 MODERN AGRICULTURE DEVELOPEMNT SYSTEM

catch(Exception $e)

echo "$e";

?>

Insert Code:

$sins="insert into
stock(pname,psize,batno,mfg,sch,edate,sc,sp,sr,qty,rate,cprice,vat,tot,drug,drate,ra
ck) values('$spname','$spsize','$sbatno','$smfg','$ssch','$sedate',$ssc,$ssp,$ssr,
$sqty,$srate,$scprice,$svat,$stot,'$sdrug',$drate,'$rack')";

$conn->query($sins);

$sinsm="insert into
stockmini(aname,billno,bdate,pname,psize,qty,rate,cprice,vat,oqty,tqty,tot,fqty,bqt
y,sc,sr,sp,batno,mfg,drug,sch,ns,fs,edate,drate,rack) values
('$aname','$billno','$bdate','$spname','$spsize',$sqty,$srate,$scprice,$svat,0,$sqty,
$stot,$sfqty,$sbqty,$ssc,$ssr,$ssp,'$sbatno','$smfg','$sdrug','$ssch',$sns,
$sfs,'$sedate',$drate,'$rack')";

$conn->query($sinsm);

Select Code:

$sqlm="select * from stock order by pname";

$rqm = $conn->query($sqlm);

$pname="";

$sno=1;$ftot=0;

while($rod = $rqm->fetch_assoc())

$pname=$rod["pname"];

$psize=$rod["psize"];

$prod=$pname."~".$psize;

Dept. of CSE,TU 26
 MODERN AGRICULTURE DEVELOPEMNT SYSTEM

$batno=$rod["batno"];

$edate=$rod["edate"];

$mfg=$rod["mfg"];

$sch=$rod["sch"];

$qty=$rod["qty"];

$mrp=$rod["cprice"];

$rate=$rod["rate"];

$tot=$rod["tot"];

$rack=$rod["rack"];

?>

<tr>

<td><?php echo "$sno"?></tD>

<td><?php echo "$prod"?></tD>

<td><?php echo "$batno"?></tD><td><?php echo "$edate"?></tD><td><?php

echo "$mfg"?></tD>

<td><?php echo "$sch"?></tD><td><?php echo "$qty"?></tD><td><?php echo

"$mrp"?></tD>

<td><?php echo "$rate"?></tD>

<td><?php echo "$tot"?></tD>

<td><?php echo "$rack"?></tD>

</tr>

DATABASE CONNECTIONS:

<?php

try

Dept. of CSE,TU 27
 MODERN AGRICULTURE DEVELOPEMNT SYSTEM

$servername = "localhost";

$username = "root";

$password = "";

$dbname = "hospital";

// Create connection

$conn = new mysqli($servername, $username, $password, $dbname);

// Check connection

if ($conn->connect_error) {

die("Connection failed: " . $conn->connect_error);

?>

7. TESTING

Software Testing is the process used to help identify the correctness,

completeness, security, and quality of developed computer software. Testing is a
process of technical investigation, performed on behalf of stakeholders, that is
intended to reveal quality-related information about the product with respect to the
context in which it is intended to operate. This includes, but is not limited to, the
process of executing a program or application with the intent of finding errors.
Quality is not an absolute; it is value to some person. With that in mind, testing can
never completely establish the correctness of arbitrary computer software; testing
furnishes a criticism or comparison that compares the state and behavior of the
product against a specification. An important point is that software testing should be
distinguished from the separate discipline of Software Quality Assurance (SQA),
which encompasses all business process areas, not just testing.

There are many approaches to software testing, but effective testing of

complex products is essentially a process of investigation, not merely a matter of

Dept. of CSE,TU 28
 MODERN AGRICULTURE DEVELOPEMNT SYSTEM

creating and following routine procedure. One definition of testing is "the process of
questioning a product in order to evaluate it", where the "questions" are operations the
tester attempts to execute with the product, and the product answers with its behavior
in reaction to the probing of the tester[citation needed]. Although most of the
intellectual processes of testing are nearly identical to that of review or inspection, the
word testing is connoted to mean the dynamic analysis of the product—putting the
product through its paces. Some of the common quality attributes include capability,
reliability, efficiency, portability, maintainability, compatibility and usability. A good
test is sometimes described as one which reveals an error; however, more recent
thinking suggests that a good test is one which reveals information of interest to
someone who matters within the project community.

 Testing

 Testing Methodologies
 Black box Testing:
 White box Testing.
 Gray Box Testing.

 Levels of Testing
 Unit Testing.
 Module Testing.
 Integration Testing.
 System Testing.
 User Acceptance Testing.

Dept. of CSE,TU 29
 MODERN AGRICULTURE DEVELOPEMNT SYSTEM

Testing Methodologies:

 Black box Testing: is the testing process in which tester can perform testing on an
application without having any internal structural knowledge of application.
Usually Test Engineers are involved in the black box testing.

 White box Testing: is the testing process in which tester can perform testing on
an application with having internal structural knowledge.
Usually The Developers are involved in white box testing.

 Gray Box Testing: is the process in which the combination of black box and
white box tonics’ are used.

8. OUTPUT SCREENS

Dept. of CSE,TU 30
 MODERN AGRICULTURE DEVELOPEMNT SYSTEM

Dept. of CSE,TU 31
 MODERN AGRICULTURE DEVELOPEMNT SYSTEM

Dept. of CSE,TU 32
 MODERN AGRICULTURE DEVELOPEMNT SYSTEM

Dept. of CSE,TU 33
 MODERN AGRICULTURE DEVELOPEMNT SYSTEM

Dept. of CSE,TU 34
 MODERN AGRICULTURE DEVELOPEMNT SYSTEM

9. CONCLUSION
This application software has been computed successfully and was also tested
successfully by taking “test cases”. It is user friendly, and has required options, which
can be utilized by the user to perform the desired operations.

The system reduces entry work, and easy to retrieve information, and also
provides user friendly screens to enter data. This software is portable and it is flexible
for further enhancements like implementing the same in online.

Dept. of CSE,TU 35
 MODERN AGRICULTURE DEVELOPEMNT SYSTEM

10. BIBLIOGRAPHY

Reference text books

 https://www.tutorialspoint.com/php/php_introduction.htm
 http://php.net/manual/en/intro-whatis.php
 Algorithm and applications in java 3rd edition by SatrajSahni (Tata McGraw Hill).
 Classical Data Structures by Samantha (Pearson education).
 Software Engineering practice and principles 6th edition by Roger Pressmen (Tata
McGraw Hill).
 Internet & World Wide Web How to program 3rd edition by Deitel&Deitel and
Goldberg (Pearson education).

Dept. of CSE,TU 36
 MODERN AGRICULTURE DEVELOPEMNT SYSTEM

 Web enabled commercial application development using Java 2.0 by Ivan Bayross
(Prentice Hall of India).
 Data base System Concepts 4th edition by Silbershatz, Korth, and Sudharshan(Tata
McGraw Hill).
 Fundamentals of Data base systems 4th edition by RamezElmasri and
ShamkantB.Navathe(Pearson education).

Dept. of CSE,TU 37