NF EN 13927: October 2003
NF EN 13927: October 2003
NF EN 13927: October 2003
October 2003
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ICS: 19.100
Non-destructive testing
Visual testing
Equipment
by decision of the Director General of AFNOR on September 20, 2003 taking effect
on October 20, 2003.
Correspondence The European standard EN 13927:2003 has the status of French standard.
Analysis This document defines the general requirements for equipment used in visual testing
and describes its verification.
Visual testing equipment is required when objects are visually inaccessible; when
there is a lack of sensitivity or a recorded image is needed.
Modifications
Corrections
Published and distributed by Association Française de Normalisation (AFNOR — French standard institute) — 11, avenue Francis de Pressensé —
93571 Saint-Denis La Plaine Cedex — Tel.: + 33 (0)1 41 62 80 00 — Fax: + 33 (0)1 49 17 90 00 — www.afnor.fr
NF EN 13927:2003 —2—
National foreword
The other standards mentioned in the clause "Normative references" that do not have any correspondence in the
collection of French standards are as follows (they may be obtained from AFNOR):
ISO 3057
ISO 3058
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ICS 19.100
English version
Essais non destructifs - Contrôle visuel - Equipement Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung - Sichtprufüng - Geräte
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the official
versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United
Kingdom.
© 2003 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 13927:2003 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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EN 13927:2003 (E)
Contents
page
Foreword......................................................................................................................................................................3
1 Scope ..............................................................................................................................................................4
2 Normative references ....................................................................................................................................4
3 Terms and definitions....................................................................................................................................4
4 Classification..................................................................................................................................................4
5 Verification......................................................................................................................................................4
5.1 General............................................................................................................................................................4
5.2 Verification frequency ...................................................................................................................................5
6 Requirements for typical equipment used for visual testing ....................................................................5
6.1 General equipment selection........................................................................................................................5
6.2 Lighting ...........................................................................................................................................................6
6.3 Resolution targets .........................................................................................................................................6
6.4 Graticule..........................................................................................................................................................7
6.5 Replication......................................................................................................................................................7
6.6 Mirrors and lenses .........................................................................................................................................7
6.7 Endoscopes, fibrescopes and videoscopes ...............................................................................................8
6.8 Photographic and video imaging cameras .................................................................................................8
6.9 Video monitors ...............................................................................................................................................9
6.10 Image recording equipment..........................................................................................................................9
6.11 Remote systems.............................................................................................................................................9
Annex A (informative) Outline of equipment for visual testing ............................................................................11
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EN 13927:2003 (E)
Foreword
This document (EN 13297:2003) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 138 “Non-destructive
testing” the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or
by endorsement, at the latest by August 2003, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by
August 2003.
Annex A is informative.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal,
Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
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EN 13927:2003 (E)
1 Scope
This European Standard describes general requirements for equipment used in visual testing.
objects, which are visually or on account of environmental factors not accessible, need to be made accessible
to viewing;
2 Normative references
This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These
normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For
dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European
Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the
publication referred to applies (including amendments).
EN 1330-10:2003, Non-destructive testing – Terminology - Part 10: Terms used in visual testing
ISO 3058, Non-destructive testing – Aids to visual inspection – Selection of low-power magnifiers
4 Classification
Equipment which is used in visual testing is classified according to the visual testing technique (direct or remote as
described in EN 13018) and is outlined further in informative annex A.
5 Verification
5.1 General
Verification shall be carried out to ensure that the equipment or test arrangement (system) will fulfil its test function.
This may include checking the mechanical, optical and electronic capability of the equipment.
The verification of the system and the test sensitivity shall be by comparison with the specification in the test
documentation. When comparing, testing parameters shall be as follows.
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System sensitivity or resolution will be assessed by using a resolution target or demonstration testpiece as per
the test documentation. (See 6.3 for selection considerations and target types.)
Equipment and conditions shall be arranged as per the actual test with the whole system.
Attention shall be given to the acceptance criteria and the expected orientation of indications. For electronic
systems care needs to be taken with orientation of the arrangement such that indications are not falsely hidden in
the image transfer from optical to electronic form. For example an indication could be hidden or indistinguishable
due to the method of image sensor operation.
Verification test parameters shall be recorded at the time of test. Test parameters required shall include:
illumination;
magnification.
The verification test parameters and results shall be included in the post test documentation.
Verification shall be made at the start and end of every test session. It is also recommended that the verification is
checked once every four hours.
Verification shall be repeated when the operator suspects that a malfunction has occurred.
When the verification or check fails a retest shall be required of all areas covered since the previous satisfactory
check.
All equipment shall be selected in consideration of the conditions on site and usage so that:
Where equipment is to be used underwater or in a corrosive environment, additional attention shall be paid to:
corrosion resistance;
EN 13927:2003 (E)
Where equipment is to be used in an ionising radiation environment, additional attention shall be paid to:
decontamination;
resistance to the levels of ionising radiation expected during service of the chosen materials, especially glass
and electric/electronic parts;
influence of ionising radiation on image quality and how this can be kept low by corresponding measures (e.g.
shielding).
6.2 Lighting
Lighting equipment shall be selected for their applicability by considering the relevant points from the following list:
light intensity;
beam geometry;
The light intensity shall be checked by calibrated equipment against the requirements of the test documentation
and 5.3 of EN 13018:2001.
Resolution targets shall be selected for their applicability by considering the relevant points from the following list:
contrast ratio;
monochrome or colour;
distance;
magnification;
illumination;
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reflectivity/glare;
colour chart;
line chart;
grey scale;
linearity indicator;
target slot.
6.4 Graticule
Graticules used to assist indication analysis shall be selected for their applicability by considering the relevant
points from the following list:
range of scale;
accuracy;
resolution;
mechanism of output;
interchangeability of graticules.
6.5 Replication
6.6.1 Mirrors
Mirrors shall be selected for their applicability by considering the relevant points from the following list:
flatness or curvature;
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reflectivity;
aperture.
Low powered magnifying mirrors shall be selected by considering the relevant points from ISO 3058.
6.6.2 Lenses
Lenses shall be selected for their applicability by considering the relevant points from the following list:
resolution;
apertures;
chromatic operation;
geometric distortion;
Low powered magnifying lenses shall be selected by considering the relevant points from ISO 3058.
Endoscopes, fibrescopes and videoscopes shall be selected for their applicability by considering the relevant points
from the following list:
focusing range;
field of view;
light source;
manipulation capabilities;
rigidity.
Photographic and video imaging cameras shall be selected for their applicability by considering the relevant points
from the following list:
shutter speed;
colour or monochrome;
resolution;
sensitivity;
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field of view;
auto focus;
white balance.
Video monitors shall be selected for their applicability by considering the relevant points from the following list:
image size;
colour or monochrome;
resolution;
contrast;
refresh rate.
Image recording equipment shall be selected for their applicability by considering the relevant points from the
following list:
storage format;
storage life;
recording of date, time and unique identification (e.g. picture or electronic text overlay);
Remote systems shall be selected for their applicability by considering the relevant points from the following list:
range of motion;
versatility;
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positioning accuracy;
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Annex A
(informative)
A.1 General
The equipment listed in A.2, A.3 and A.4 can be used for direct and/or remote visual testing. The equipment can be
coupled with remote devices. These lists are not exhaustive.
lighting equipment;
equipment linked to resolution capability (e.g. resolution target, slot, optical test chart);
graticule;
replication;
mirror;
lens;
fibre optics;
endoscopes;
image sensor;
photographic camera;
video camera;
tube camera;
video monitor;
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EN 13927:2003 (E)
DIN 25435-4;
This list is not exhaustive and other products may be used. This information is given for the convenience of users of
this European Standard and does not constitute an endorsement by CEN/TC 138 of the products named.
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