Wounds and Bleeding

FIRST-AID LESSON
WOUNDS & BLEEDING

1. Incised wound (severe), Abrasion, Punctured wound
2. Lacerated wound
3. Contused wound, internal bleeding
4. Gunshot wound
5. Impalement
6. Amputation
7. Crush injuries
8. Abdominal wound
9. Chest wounds
ST JOHN’S AMBULANCE BRIGADE

PUBLIC SERVICE DEPT.
OBJECTIVES
To distinguish between the different
types of bleeding
To be able to control bleeding
To minimize shock and infection

DISCLAIMER!
THE FOLLOWING PICTURES
SHOWN MAY BE VERY
DISTURBING AND GORY!
YOU MAY COVER YOUR EYES
IF YOU DO NOT WANT TO
LOOK.
TYPES OF WOUND
Incised wound
TYPES OF WOUND
Lacerated wound
TYPES OF WOUND
Abrasion
TYPES OF WOUND
Contused wound
TYPES OF WOUND
Punctured wound
TYPES OF WOUND
Gunshot wound
TYPES OF WOUND
Impalement
TYPES OF WOUND
Amputation
TYPES OF WOUND
Crush injuries
TYPES OF WOUND
Abdominal wound
TYPES OF WOUND
Chest wounds
TYPES OF WOUND
Internal bleeding
TYPES OF BLEEDING & THEIR CHARACTERISTICS
Arterial bleeding Venous bleeding Capillary bleeding
Bright red in color Dark red in color

(oxygenated blood) (deoxygenated blood)
Flows in spurts in time Blood gushes out profusely Blood oozes out at site
with heartbeat (lower pressure in veins; blood of wound
(pumped from heart to flow is more smooth) (lowest pressure in
other parts of body; higher capillaries)
pressure )
Severed main artery Blood loss is usually

(e.g.carotid artery) may jet slight
blood several feet high
(pressure is highest in main
arteries)
Rapidly reduce the volume

of circulating blood
CAROTID ARTERY
GENERAL
Minor extent of bleeding (external)
Treatment (PCEDM)
1. Apply direct Pressure with a sterile dressing
2. Clean the wound by rinsing lightly under running

water,
or using an antiseptic wipe.
3. Elevate above heart level
4. Apply small adhesive, sterile Dressing
5. Seek Medical aid if bleeding does not stop, or if there is

risk of infection.
GENERAL
Severe extent of bleeding (external)
Treatment (AEPELDLS)
1. Dial for Ambulance (995).
2. Expose the wound
3. Apply direct Pressure over the wound with a sterile
dressing
4. Elevate and support the wound above heart level.
5. Lay the casualty down
Severe extent of bleeding (external
Treatment (AEPELDLS )
• 6. Apply sterile Dressing and secure it
firmly in place with a
• bandage
• 7. If bleeding seeps through, apply
another Layer of
• bandage on top
• 8. Treat for Shock.
Incised wound (severe), Abrasion, Punctured
wound
Signs & Symptoms
An open wound
Rapid, weak pulse
Swell
Pain
wound
Treatment
1. Apply direct pressure using a sterile
dressing.
2. Elevate the wound above heart level.
3. Apply a sterile dressing over the wound
and bandage firmly to secure it in place.
4. If bleeding seeps through the bandage,
apply another layer of bandage over the
previous layer.
5. Apply cold compress to the swell.
6. Check and treat for shock.
wound
Limitations
Moving the fractured/dislocated limbs may

aggravate the condition.
For casualties suffering from lower body
fractures/dislocations, it may not be
possible to treat for shock.
wound
Warning!
DO NOT bandage too tightly.
Constantly check for circulatory refill.
DO NOT remove the previous layer of bandage.
DO NOT apply cold compress for more than 10

minutes as it may result in frostbite.
Lacerated wound
Signs & Symptoms
• Large area of raw flesh

• Bleeding
• Rapid, weak pulse
• Pain
Lacerated wound
Treatment
1. Apply direct Pressure with a sterile dressing
2. Elevate above heart level
3. Apply sterile Dressing, and secure with micropore
4. If bleeding seeps through, Apply another layer of

dressing over the previous layer.

Lacerated wound
Limitations
• may not be applicable for casualties who

are also suffering from fractures or
dislocations on the limbs
• If casualty is suffering from lower body

possible to treat for shock
Lacerated wound
Warning!
• Ensure that the sterile dressing is larger

than area of wound
• Do not remove the previous layer of
dressing
• Do not apply cold compression for more
than 10 minutes
Contused wound, internal bleeding
Signs & Symptoms
• Blue-black colouration
• Swell
Treatment
1. Apply cold compression to the area of injury
2. If blue-black colouration persistently remains,

consult a qualified medical worker. (contusion)
3. Dial for ambulance, 995 if it is in the case of

internal bleeding.
Warning!
• Do not apply for more than 10 minutes as

it may result in frostbite.
Gunshot wound
Signs & Symptoms
• open wounds, entry and exit, with shapes

of a bullet tip
• Swell
• Pain
Gunshot wound
Treatment
1. Douse entry and exit wounds with water

for 10 minutes.
2. Apply direct pressure using a sterile
dressing.
3. Elevate the wound above heart level.
4. Apply a sterile dressing over the wound
and bandage firmly to secure it in place.
Gunshot wound
Treatment
1. If bleeding seeps through, apply another

layer of bandage over the previous layer.
2. Apply cold compress to the swell.

Gunshot wound
Limitations
• This may not be applicable for casualties
who are also suffering from fractures or

Gunshot wound
Warning!
• Do not bandage too tightly such that

circulation is impeded.
bandage
than 10 minutes
Impalement
Signs & Symptoms
• An object embedded onto the skin of the

casualty
• Bleeding
• Swell
• Pain
Impalement
Treatment
1. Using sterile dressings, build up padding

on both sides of the object, until the
object is stabilized.
2. Secure the padding with bandages.
Impalement
Treatment
1. If bleeding seeps through, apply another

2. Apply cold compress to reduce swelling.
3. Check and treat for shock
Impalement
Limitations
Impalement
Warning!
• Do not bandage too tightly such that

circulation is impeded.
bandage
than 10 minutes
Amputation
Signs & Symptoms
• A stud on the casualty

• Amputated body part nearby
• Pallor
Amputation
Treatment
Wound:
• Apply direct pressure with a sterile
dressing.
• Elevate the wound above heart level.
• If bleeding seeps through, apply another
• Check and treat for shock.
Amputation
Treatment
Amputated part:
1. Collect the amputated part and wrap it in
gauze, after which you wrap it in a plastic bag
and place it in another plastic bag of crushed
ice.
2. Send the amputated part to the hospital

together with the casualty.
Amputation
Limitations
• This may not be applicable for casualties
who are also suffering from fractures or

Amputation
Warning!

bandage
• Make sure the plastic bag is not damp
Crush injuries
Signs & Symptoms
• A fallen object crushing onto the casualty

• Pain
Crush injuries
Treatment
If casualty is crushed for less than 15mins:

1. Release him/her as soon as possible.
2. Treat any possible wounds/fractures
found on the casualty.
4. Dial for ambulance 995
Crush injuries
Treatment
If casualty is crushed for more than 15mins:

1. do not release the casualty.
2. Instead, call for ambulance and
3. reassure casualty.
Abdominal wounds
Signs & Symptoms
• An open wound
• Pallor
• Possible protruding intestine
Abdominal wounds
Treatment
1. If intestine is protruding, cover with large,

moist sterile dressing, then cover with a
plastic sheet and secure it lightly.
2. If there is no protruding intestine, check if

wound is horizontal or vertical.
Abdominal wounds
Treatment
For vertical wounds,

1. Do not raise legs. Instead,
2. just apply pressure at site of wound to
control bleeding.
Abdominal wounds
Treatment
If wound is horizontal
• keep legs propped up/raised and
• cover wound with sterile dressing.
• Check and treat for shock.
Abdominal wounds
Warning!
• Do not raise leg if wound is vertical.

Chest wounds
Signs & Symptoms
• An open wound
• Possible foreign object still embedded at
wound
• Pallor
• Sucking wound (if lung is punctured)
• Wheezing sound (if lung is punctured)
Chest wounds
Treatment
1. Cover the wound and apply pressure

with a sterile dressing.
2. Cover with a plastic sheet and tape 3
sides of the plastic, leaving the bottom
side open (apply airtight bandage).
3. Apply a chest bandage.
Chest wounds
Treatment
1. For casualties with punctured lungs, tilt

him/her to the injured side.
2. Regulate casualty’s breathing

Wounds and Bleeding

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Wounds and Bleeding

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Wounds and Bleeding

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

FIRST-AID LESSON

WOUNDS & BLEEDING

ST JOHN’S AMBULANCE BRIGADE

To be able to control bleeding

To minimize shock and infection

Bright red in color Dark red in color

Severed main artery Blood loss is usually

Rapidly reduce the volume

2. Clean the wound by rinsing lightly under running

3. Elevate above heart level

4. Apply small adhesive, sterile Dressing

5. Seek Medical aid if bleeding does not stop, or if there is

Rapid, weak pulse

Moving the fractured/dislocated limbs may

DO NOT bandage too tightly.

Constantly check for circulatory refill.

DO NOT remove the previous layer of bandage.

DO NOT apply cold compress for more than 10

• Large area of raw flesh

1. Apply direct Pressure with a sterile dressing

2. Elevate above heart level

3. Apply sterile Dressing, and secure with micropore

4. If bleeding seeps through, Apply another layer of

5. Check and treat for shock.

• may not be applicable for casualties who

• If casualty is suffering from lower body

• Ensure that the sterile dressing is larger

1. Apply cold compression to the area of injury

2. If blue-black colouration persistently remains,

3. Dial for ambulance, 995 if it is in the case of

• Do not apply for more than 10 minutes as

• open wounds, entry and exit, with shapes

1. Douse entry and exit wounds with water

1. If bleeding seeps through, apply another

2. Apply cold compress to the swell.

3. Check and treat for shock.

• If casualty is suffering from lower body

• Do not bandage too tightly such that

• An object embedded onto the skin of the

1. Using sterile dressings, build up padding

1. If bleeding seeps through, apply another

• Do not bandage too tightly such that

• A stud on the casualty

2. Send the amputated part to the hospital

• If casualty is suffering from lower body

• Do not remove the previous layer of

• A fallen object crushing onto the casualty

If casualty is crushed for less than 15mins:

If casualty is crushed for more than 15mins:

2. Instead, call for ambulance and

1. If intestine is protruding, cover with large,

2. If there is no protruding intestine, check if

For vertical wounds,

• Do not raise leg if wound is vertical.

1. Cover the wound and apply pressure

1. For casualties with punctured lungs, tilt

You might also like