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    Counting Numbers in Japanese

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    SAKefron
    There are two primary methods for counting in Japanese - Kango (derived from Chinese) and Wago (Japanese origin). Kango uses kanji numbers while Wago utilizes a combination of kanji, hiragana, and distinct words. Larger numbers are formed by combining place values above 10. Time is expressed by adding counters like -ji (hour), -pun (minute), and -byou (second) to numbers. Spans of time also add counters like -kan (interval) or -kagetsu (months).

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    Counting Numbers in Japanese

    Uploaded by

    SAKefron
    125 views17 pages
    There are two primary methods for counting in Japanese - Kango (derived from Chinese) and Wago (Japanese origin). Kango uses kanji numbers while Wago utilizes a combination of kanji, hiragana, and distinct words. Larger numbers are formed by combining place values above 10. Time is expressed by adding counters like -ji (hour), -pun (minute), and -byou (second) to numbers. Spans of time also add counters like -kan (interval) or -kagetsu (months).

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    There are two primary methods for counting in Japanese - Kango (derived from Chinese) and Wago (Japanese origin). Kango uses kanji numbers while Wago utilizes a combination of kanji, hiragana, and distinct words. Larger numbers are formed by combining place values above 10. Time is expressed by adding counters like -ji (hour), -pun (minute), and -byou (second) to numbers. Spans of time also add counters like -kan (interval) or -kagetsu (months).

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    125 views17 pages

    Counting Numbers in Japanese

    Uploaded by

    SAKefron
    There are two primary methods for counting in Japanese - Kango (derived from Chinese) and Wago (Japanese origin). Kango uses kanji numbers while Wago utilizes a combination of kanji, hiragana, and distinct words. Larger numbers are formed by combining place values above 10. Time is expressed by adding counters like -ji (hour), -pun (minute), and -byou (second) to numbers. Spans of time also add counters like -kan (interval) or -kagetsu (months).

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 17

    COUNTING

    NUMBERS IN
    JAPANESE
    The two methods of counting in Japanese:
    KANGO & WAGO
    There are two primary ways to count in Japanese. One comes from the Wago (Japanese
    origin) system while the other comes from Kango and the Chinese counting system.

    Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

    Kanji ⼀ ⼆ 三 六 七 ⼗
    ichi ni san yon/shi go roku nana/shichi hachi ku/kyuu jyuu
    Kango
    いち に さん よん し ご ろく なな しち はち く きゅう じゅう
    / / /
    hi hu mi yo i mu na ya ko too
    Wago
    ひ ふ み よ い む な や こ とお
    How do we count numbers larger than 10?
    For numbers larger than 10, it's actually very simple to count in Japanese.
    You don't have to memorize any new words like "eleven," "twelve," and so on;
    you simply use a combination of the numbers you've already memorized.

    12：thinkas10＋2=じゅう＋にso12isじゅうに
    20：thinkas2＋10=に＋じゅうso20isにじゅう
    36：thinkas3＋10＋6=さん＋じゅう＋ろくso36isさんじゅうろく
    48：thinkas4＋10＋8=よん＋じゅう＋はちso48isよんじゅうはち
    51：thinkas5＋10＋1=ご＋じゅう＋いちso51isごじゅういち
    79：thinkas7＋10＋9=なな＋じゅう＋きゅうso79isななじゅうきゅう
    98：thinkas9＋10＋8=きゅう＋じゅう＋はちso79isきゅうじゅうはち
    Counting in the 100S, 1,000S, and beyond
    From 1 to 10,000, the unit names change with each decimal.

    Numerals 100 1,000 10,000 100,000 1,000,000 10,000,000 10,000,000

    Kanji 百 千 万 ⼗万 百万 千万
    hyaku sen man jyuuman hyakuman senman oku
    Hiragana
    ひゃく せん まん じゅうまん ひゃくまん せんまん おく
    123：thinkas100＋20＋3=ひゃく＋にじゅう＋さんso123isひゃくにじゅうさん
    1006：thinkas1000＋6=せん＋ろくso1006isせんろく
    35210：thinkas30000＋5000＋200＋10=さんまん＋ごせん＋にひゃく＋じゅう
    so1006isさんまんごせんにひゃくじゅう
    Counting in Wago, the Japanese style
    There are two primary ways to count in Japanese. One comes from the Wago
    (Japanese origin) system while the other comes from Kango and the Chinese
    counting system.

    Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

    Kanji ⼀ ⼆ 三 六 七 ⼗
    hi hu mi yo i mu na ya ko too
    Wago
    ひ ふ み よ い む な や こ とお
    hitotsu hutatsu mittsu yottsu itsutsu muttsu nanatsu yattsu kokonotsu too
    ひとつ ふたつ みっつ よっつ いつつ むっつ ななつ やっつ ここのつ とお
    Numbers smaller or less than 1
    From 1 to 10,000, the unit names change with each decimal.
    Numerals 0 ー .

    Kanji/Katakana 零/ゼロ/ マイナス 点


    rei/zero/maru mainasu ten
    Hiragana
    れい ぜろ まる まいなす てん
    / /

    -23：thinkasminus＋2＋10＋3soitisマイナスにじゅうさん
    0.5：thinkas0＋point＋5=れい＋てん＋ごso0.5isれいてんご
    0.0039：thinkas0＋point＋0＋0＋3＋9=れい＋てん＋れい＋れい＋さん＋きゅう
    so0.0039isれいてんれいれいさんきゅう
    Time (hour)
    The hour is given by saying the number and adding 「時」 which is
    pronounced here as 「じ 」 /ji with the following exceptions:

    English 4 o'clock 7 o'clock 9 o'clock

    Kanji 時 七時 時
    yoji shichiji kuji
    よじ しちじ くじ
    Hiragana

    6o clock：六時/ろくじ/rokuji Be careful!!

    12o clock：⼗⼆時/じゅうにじ/jyuuniji yonji / nanaji / kyuuji


    よんじ ななじ きゅうじ
    / /
    Time (minutes)
    The minutes are given by adding 「 」 which usually read as 「ふん/hun」
    with the following exceptions:

    English 1 minutes 3 minutes 4 minutes 6 minutes 8 minutes 10 minutes

    Kanji ⼀ 三 六 ⼗
    ippun sanpun yonpun roppun happun jyuppun
    Hiragana
    いっぷん さんぷん よんぷん ろっぷん はっぷん じゅっぷん
    15minutes：⼗五分/じゅうごふん/jyuugohun
    37minutes：三⼗七分/さんじゅうななふん/sanjyuunanahun
    52minutes：五⼗⼆分/ごじゅうにふん/gojyuunihun
    Time (seconds)
    All readings for seconds consists of the number plus「 」 , which is read as
    「びょう 」
    /byou . There are no exceptions for seconds and all the readings
    are the same.

    27seconds：⼆⼗七秒/にじゅうななびょう/nijyuunanabyou
    41seconds：四⼗⼀秒/よんじゅういちびょう/yonjyuuichibyou
    A Span of Time
    The basic counter for a span of time is「間」 , which is read as 「かん/kan」.
    You can attach it to the end of hours, days, weeks, and years.
    nijikan yonjyuppun
    ⼆時間 ⼗ （にじかん・よんじゅっぷん）2 hours and 40 minutes
    hatuka kan
    ⼆⼗⽇間 （はつかかん）20 days
    jyuugonichi kan
    ⼗ ⽇間 （じゅうごにちかん）15 days
    ninen kan
    ⼆年間 （にねんかん）two years
    sanshuukan
    三 間 （さんしゅうかん）three weeks
    ichinichi
    ⼀⽇ （いちにち）1 day
    A Span of Time(Year/Month/Days)
    Year
    All you have to do is say the number and add 「年」 which is pronounced here
    as 「ねん 」
    /nen
    Month
    Write the number (either in numerals or kanji) of the month and add 「⽉」 which
    is read as「がつ 」 ⽉ 「し
    /gatsu . However, you need to pay attention to April(4 )
    がつ 」 ⽉ 「しちがつ
    /shigatu , July (7 ) 」
    /shichigatu , and September(9 )⽉ 「くが
    つ 」
    /kugatsu .
    Days
    Simply say the number and add 「⽇」 「に
    which is pronounced here as
    ち 」/nichi .
    「⼀⽇ ついたち」
    The first day of the month is / 「⼀⽇ いちに
    ; different from /
    ち」 , which means “one day”.
    A Span of Time(Month)
    To count the number of months, take a regular number and add 「ヶ⽉」 which is
    pronounced here as 「かげつ 」
    /kagetsu and not 「かがつ 」 「か」
    /kagatsu . The
    「ヶ」
    used in this counter is usually written as a small katakana which is confusing
    because it’s still pronounced as「か 」 /ka and not「け 」 /ke .
    In counting months, you should watch out for the following sound changes:

    English 1 months ６ month 10 month

    Kanji ⼀ヶ⽉ 六ヶ⽉ ⼗ヶ⽉


    ikkagetsu rokkagetsu jyukkagetsu
    いっかげつ ろっかげつ じゅっかげつ
    Hiragana
    nannichi
    tsuitachi
    hutsuka
    mikka
    yokka
    itsuka
    muika
    nanoka
    youka
    kokonoka
    touka
    jyuuichinichi
    jyuuninichi
    jyuusannichi
    jyuuyokka
    jyuugonichi
    jyuurokunichi
    jyuushichinichi
    jyuuhachinichi
    jyuukunichi
    hatsuka
    nijyuuichinichi
    nijyuuninichi
    nijyuusannichi
    nijyuuyokka
    nijyuugonichi
    nijyuurokunichi
    nijyuushichinichi
    nijyuuhachinichi
    nijyuukunichi
    sanjyuunichi
    sanjyuuichinichi
    Other Counters

    (nin)
    (hon)
    (mai)
    (satsu)
    (hiki)
    (sai)
    (ko)
    (kai)
    (kasho)
    (tsu)

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