INTRODUCTION

PERSONAL HYGIENE
Group 2
Question: What comes into your mind when we say personal hygiene?
(Sharing of ideas. Ask natin mga classmates for their class participation. Tas “thank you for sharing your idea” ganern)

Content:
a. Personal Hygiene Overview
b. Roles and Functions of the Nurse in Promoting Personal Hygiene
c. Consequences Resulting from Poor Hygiene and What are the Ways to Prevent them.

PERSONAL HYGIENE
 Personal hygiene is how you care for your body. This practice includes bathing, washing your hands, brushing your teeth, and
more (Healthline)
-ito yung kung paano mo ba alagaan yung sarili mo.
-and the first basic first thing and dapat nasa practice ng isang tao is washing your hands. Andiyan rin yung pagligo, brushing our teeth at
marami pang iba.

 Involves keeping all parts of the external body clean and healthy. It is important for maintaining both physical and mental health.
-cleaning and taking care of your body is one of the most basic things we all need to do
-isa itong way para maprotektahan natin yung katawan natin and para makaiwas tayo sa mga sakit

 In the health care setting, personal hygiene effects patient’s comfort, safety and well being.
-as we all know, your patients should always be clean kasi kung hindi siya malinis, of course he/she wouldn’t be comfortable and pwede
rin siyang makapitan ng sakit or magkaroon ng infection because of presence of different microorganism na kumapit sa kanya

Why is personal hygiene important?

 Good hygiene is vital because it helps prevent you and your children from getting or spreading germs and infectious diseases.
 It’s one of the best ways to protect yourself from getting illnesses such as Gastoentresis.
-just like yung nasabi ko kanina, it’s a way to protect ourselves from acquiring disease like Gastroenteritis. When we say gastroenteritis, it
is a short -term illness that causes inflammation and infection of the digestive system. Usually ang reason is viruses, bacteria, bacterial
toxins, parasites, yung iba chemicals or drugs.
-and not just that, napag aralan naman na natin yung chain of infection last semester, so kung poor yung personal hygiene mo, pwede kang
maging susceptible host at magkasakit.
-that’s why it personal hygiene is important kasi these microorganisms can be easily passed on through touching people, kahit makipag
shake hands ka lang. Or when you get dirt on your hand, by handling contaminated foods and even by just touching dirty surfaces.
 Good personal hygiene is important for both health and social reasons
-in terms of health: so yun nga nasabi kanina, pag hindi mo na maintain yung body cleanliness, mas dadami yung presence of bacteria sa
katawan mo. For instance, pag hindi ka gaanong nag b-brush ng ngipin mo andun yung possibility na magkaroon ka ng tooth decay. Ganun
rin sa body odor. Pag hindi ka regularly naliligo, yung bacteria sa skin mo binebreakdown niya yung sweat na nirerelease ng katawan kaya
nagkakaroon ng body odor. Kaya nga it’s important na maglinis ng katawan after magpawis.
-for the social reason naman, since it involves washing your body and keeping yourself clean, marereduce yung chances na magkaroon ka
ng body odor or parasites sa katawan such as head lice, thus, reducing the chances of embarrassment at school or sa work

Question: What would you do if your patient has a body odor?

(Sharing of ideas ulit ito. Ask natin sa mga classmates)
As a healh care professional, it’s your responsibility to address the situation. But of course, wag mong ipakita sa expression mo na mabaho siya.
Address it in a good and non offensive way kasi body odor can be a symptom of a disease. So dun ulit papasok yung responsibility mo to
educate them and raise awareness about personal hygiene. (https://www.mdlinx.com/article/being-a-doctor-can-stink-how-to-discuss-b-o-with-
patients/lfc-3430)

Now, let’s move on to the types of personal hygiene:

TYPES OF PERSONAL HYGIENE

1. Body hygiene
 -this includes bathing regularly. By washing your body with soap and water helps to eliminate the bacteria and other irritant na nakakapit
sa katawan natin, which is pwedeng maging cause ng rashes or infectiosn pag hindi naalis. And pag di rin kasi naalis yung bacteria sa
katawan, yun yung nagiging cause ng body odor. Body hygiene also includes washing your hair and scalp with shampoo at least twice a
week or more if necessary, para mawash away yung oil and other bacteria na nasa scalp natin.
2. Hand hygiene
-we all know that regular hand washing is one of the most important measure na kailangan nating gawin to avoid transmission of microbes
na nasa kamay natin. Specially ngayon pandemic, pag nagpupunta tayong market or basta galing sa labas, importanteng maghugas ng
kamay with soap ng water to avoid the spread of the virus.
-In the healthcare setting, alam naman nating sobrang importante ng hand hygiene sa line of work natin. Based on World Health
Organization, thousands of people die everyday dahil sa infections na nakukuha nila while receiving health care. Our hands is the main
pathway of germs that’s why tayong mga nurse, important na laging malinis mga kamay natin kasi we are dealing with patient everyday.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommend washing the hands at certain times:
-as we’ve mentioned earlier madaling mapasa yung mga microbes na nasa kamay natin. So dapat ugaliin nating maghugas ng kamay:
 before, during, and after preparing food
 before eating food
 before and after looking after anyone who is vomiting or has diarrhea
 before and after treating a cut or wound
 after going to the bathroom
 after changing diapers or cleaning up a child who has used the toilet
 after blowing the nose, coughing, or sneezing
 after touching garbage or dirty surfaces or objects
 after handling pets or pet-related items, such as food

3. Nail hygiene
-nails can harbor dirt and germs, contributing to easier transmission of bacteria. So it’s important to regularly trim them, keep them short
and clean para mabawasan yung chances of transmission of germs.
-and also, trimming your nails can prevent problems such as hang nails and infected nail beds.
4. Dental hygiene
-dental hygiene doesn’t mean dapat puting puti yung ngipin mo. Dental hygiene is keeping your teeth and gums healthy to prevent gum
disease and tooth decay. The  American Dental Association (ADA) recommend brushing the teeth for 2 minutes at least twice a day —
once before breakfast and once before bed. Additional, dapat nag f-floss din tayo everyday and change your toothbrush every 2-3 months.
-And also, dental hygiene prevents bad breath. So it’s importanteng alagaan natin yung teeth and gums natin kasi sino ba naman ang may
gusto ng bad breath, wala naman diba?
5. Menstrual and Genital Hygiene
-pag monthly period sa mga babae, it’s important to change sanitary pad regularly. Hindi pwedeng maghapon magdamag yung pad sayo
and it should be changed once every 4 hours. Kasi pag masyadong matagal yan, pwede kang magkaroon ng fungal infection. And dapat
-genital hygiene naman, vagina is a self-cleaning organ so hindi pwedeng harsh yung gamitin mong soap kasi it can disturb the pH balance
in your vagina that protects you from infections. When washing the outer part, dapat mild soap and water lang ang gamitin. And sa boys
naman with an uncircumcised penis can clean it by gently pulling back the foreskin and washing underneath it with warm water or soap.
6. Toilet Hygiene
-As we all know, after using the bathroom we should wash our hands 20-30 seconds with soap and water in a proper way para maalis yung
bacteria na nasa kamay natin.
7. Sickness Hygiene
-pag may sakit tayo, we should leran on how to prevent disease to other people. When you sneeze or cough, cover your mouth with tissue
and discard it after use. Dapat din hindi tayo nakikishare ng water bottle or utensils kasi pwedeng mapasa yung sakit natin sa kanila.

FACTORS INFLUENCING PERSONAL HYGIENE:

-People have different ideas on personal hygiene. It if affected by different factors such as cultural beliefs. We don’t perform our hygiene
practices in exactly the same manner so kailangan nating respetuhin yung isa’t isa
1. Social Practices
-Social groups influence hygiene preferences and practices of an individual. For instance yung mga products na ginagamit natin for
hygiene such as soap or sanitary products, or the way we perform a specific hygiene. Our choices are influenced by our social group.
-During childhood, family customs plays a major role in personal hygiene. Sa family kasi natin, sa kanila kasi tayo unang natututo
inlcuding our personal hygiene and yung practices ng family, yun yung nakakasanayan natin habang lumalaki tayo. For instance, ilang
beses ba tayo paliguan ng nanay or tatay natin in a week? And there are cases na hindi napeperform ng isang bata yung personal hygiene
 sa tahanan nila, such as brushing their teeth twice a day. So these practices is nakakasanayan natin and nakakaimpluewensiya on how we
perform our personal hygiene.
2. Personal Preference
-personal preference ibig sabihin yung personal choices natin when performing hygiene. For instance, ikaw you prefer showering during
night wherein yung iba they prefer to bathe. Other people would prefer washing their hair everyday while yung iba hindi nila araw-araw
nililiguan yung buhok nila.
3. Body image
-body image is a person’s subjective concept of his or her body. Including physical appearance, structure and functions. The way we
perceive our own body affects how we perform personal hygiene. For instance, there are people na they really maintain their body image
kaya maingat sila sa katawan nila like hindi sila lalabas without taking a bath or they usually get their nails done. While other people
naman, yung mga taong usually they are not that interested in their body image, sometimes kahit hindi sila maligo in a day or kahit oily na
yung hair nila okay lang sa kanila. So these people, kailangan ma educate sila about the importance of personal hygiene.
4. Socioeconomic status
-Socioecomic status affects how people’s personal hygiene. For instance, people na kulang yung finances. Sometimes they cannot afford to
buy basic supplies such as soap or toothpaste kaya hindi nila gaanong napeperform yung paglilinis nila sa katawan. So in our line of work
may mga mam-meet tayong ganito and we must be sensitive enough about this matter because we don’t have the same economic status
5. Cultural variable
-cultures affect how an individual’s personal hygiene. Sa ibang culture, they bathe everyday. Just like dito sa Pilipinas, parang
nakasanayan nating dapat araw-araw ang pagligo wherein sa ibang bansa hindi necessary sa kanilang maligo everyday. There are cultural
groups din na they are not that sensitive in body odors so they don’t wash frequently unlike sa iba na ayaw nila sa body odors.
-So we have different cultures, so as I’ve mentioned earlier maging sensitive and we shouldn’t judge them kasi di naman tayo lumaki sa
parehong kultura.
6. Developmental level
-our developmental stage also affects our ability to perform personal hygiene. Nung bata tayo, yung parents or caretaker pa natin ang
naglilinis ng katawan natin. We learn our personal hygiene from them. While in our adolescent stage naman, mas concerned tayo about or
body so lagi tayong naglilinis, inaayos natin yung katawan natin. Wherein pag sa matatanda naman, since tumatanda sila, nagde-decrease
yung ability nila to perform personal hygiene kaya minsan yung mga apo or anak na nila yung nagpapaligo sa kanila.
7. Physical condition
-Example of this is post operative patient or people with physical disabilities cannot properly perform certain hygiene. For instance yung
mga taong naputulan ng kamay or may temporary cast in their arms, of course they cannot use it to brush their teeth or wash themselves
alone. So dapat andun ka to fill in yung pagkukulang na yon sa kanila.
ROLES AND FUNCTIONS OF THE NURSE IN PROMOTING PERSONAL HYGIENE
 Educate people about personal hygiene
-lagi nating naririnig yung educating people about a certain matter because it’s part of our responsibility. Educating them about personal
hygiene can prevent them from acquiring disease. Educate them the importance of bathing, of brushing their teeth, by keeping their nails
clean. Specially for those people who lack knowledge about personal hygiene, you need to educate them kasi by simply educating and
giving them the knowledge can help them build their base of their own personal hygiene.
 Encouraging healthiness and preventing disease
-in connection lang din sa nauna. Encourage people to be clean and healthy like taking a good care of their body. Help them to do what’s
the right thing to do. For instance, people na may poor hygiene, encourage and educate them to be more concern about their personal
hygiene para mas maging healthy sila and para maprevent yung sakit resulting from poor hygiene.
 Influence people around you
-of course you need to influence people around you. For instance sa community niyo, by practicing your own personal hygiene or by
saying yung importance non you can influence them.

In the health care setting:

 Nurses are responsible for patient’s hygiene needs
-as a nurse it’s your responsibility to provide them the comfort and keep them clean. So dapat yung [atient natin, they feel comfortable sila
and they feel clean kasi it can affect their health. specially for those people who can't do it by themselves, part of your responsibility to
help them perform their hygiene. For instance, helping them to wash their face. However, when we’re providing their hygiene needs, make
sure na komportable sila and their privacy is still there.
 Assess the patient in for their personal hygiene habits and routines
-as we’ve mentioned earlier we perform our hygiene differently. Responsibility mo as a nurse to assess your patient’s hygiene habits and
routines and dapat intindihin mo yon and respect their own practice para maramdaman nila yung safety and security nila. By assessing
their personal hygiene habits, mas malalaman mo kung paano ka mag p-provide ng care sa kanila without them being uncomfortable.
 Intervening in the patient’s performance of their activities of daily living
-yun nga kailangan mo silang i-asses kung paano ba nila iperform yung hygiene nila. However pag nakita mong may mali or kulang sa
ginagawa niya, you should intervene in a nice way. For instance , hindi tama yung way niya ng paghuhugas ng kamay, you should teach
them the proper method. Give them assistance and tell kung bakit yun ang tamang paraan.
 Patient Assessment
▪ Patient’s self-care ability
▪ Skin
▪ Feet and nails
▪ Oral Activity
▪ Hair and hair care

As a nurse, its your responsibility to to assess your patient carefully to be able to make patient centered decisions and to be able to give
them what they need. Now for instance, when assessing your patient’s skin, tingnan mo kung masyadong dry ba yung skin niya or
baka may rashes siya due to germs na hindi gaanong nawawash. So pag ganto, you can educate them. Sabihin mo kung ano ang
tamang gawin or kung bakit hindi dapat gawin ang isang bagay.
 CONSEQUENCES RESULTING FROM POOR HYGIENE AND WHAT ARE THE WAYS TO PREVENT THEM

Poor personal hygiene arises from either intentional or unintentional neglect of your body’s cleanliness and health requirements.
Failing to frequently perform your personal hygiene doesn’t just affect you. It affects everyone you interact with.

Ano nga ba yung mga pwedeng mangyari when we have poor personal hygiene?

Poor hygiene can lead to poor health

We all know that our body harbors tons of microorgarnisms. Just by walking outside smoke and pollution can be a threat to our health. Without
proper hygiene, microorganisms can continue to grow and make our body as their reservoir. With that we can also affect other people by
spreading a disease.

Prevention:
 Always check your nail hygiene
-Having a long nails can harbor germs and microorganism. keep your nails short and clean
 Always perform hand hygiene
- If you did not wash your hands correctly and often certain bacteria or microrganisms will spread. Why? Kase ang hands naten lagi naten
hinahawak sa mga pwede pamahayan ng mga bacteria. Katulad paghawak ng basurahan and even paghawak sa pets naten. It may harm us
and can lead to a disease.
 Wash your body frequently
-in connection sa sinabi ko kanina, pag lumalabas tayo kinakapitan tayo ng usok at pollution. Kailangang mawash yon agad pagdating sa
bahay para hindi mag cause ng sakit or any infection

Poor hygiene can make social problems

As a teenager madalas nag kakaroon ng teasing regarding sa hygiene ng isang tao. It can also lead to bullying sometimes. Like common situation
nalang katulad ng pagkakaroon ng body odor, bad breath, and body lice. It is common for a teenager experiencing this things pero hindi dapat ito
tinotolerate ang bullying.
▪ Body odor
-This is probably the most common evidence of poor personal hygiene. Pag yung bacteria nag react sa pawis natin, dun nagkakaroon ng
body odor. Hindi lang ikaw yung affected, pati yung mga taong nasa paligid mo, it can cause discomfort to them.
Common cause:
 Infrequent showering
 Wearing dirty, smelly socks
 Not airing your shoes
 Not taking the time to wash your feet
 Wearing smelly, stained, or dirty clothes each day
 Not changing your underwear regularly
▪ Bad breath
-pag kumakain tayo, yung mga bacteria na present sa food naiiwan yon sa mouth natin and pag napabayaan, yun ang nagiging cause ng
bad breath and tooth decay
Common cause:
 Irregular brushing of your teeth
 Not flossing every time you brush your teeth
 Neglecting to clean your tongue when brushing your teeth
-minsan hindi na nalilinis yung tongue pag nag t-toothbrush but in fact your tongue has more bacteria than you teeth do. So pag di
nalinis yung tongue mapapasa rin yung bacteria sa teeth that will cause bad breath
 Drinking too many acidic drinks too often
-according to Dr. Gigi Meinecke, acidity can dry out the mouth and allow bacteria and food particles to stick around and trigger bad
breath
 Excessive smoking
▪ Body lice
-having body lice is quite uncomfortable hindi lang sayo kundi pati sa mga tao sa paligid mo. body lice are tiny insects na nag f-feed sa
isang host and they lay eggs in clothing and bedding. it can be easily spread just like yung kuto, diba madali siyang mapasa
Common cause:

Prevention:
 Check your body hygiene
-dapat pag naliligo ka, make sure na natatanggal and nagsasabon ka para mawash away yung mga bacteria sa katawan natin. Hindi
pwedeng nagbuhos ka lang ng tubig pero hindi ka naman totally nalinis.
 Perform dental hygiene regularly
-dapat regular yung pag t-toothbrush and dapat gawin mo yon in a right way. Hindi yung basta toothbrush lang, make sure na nalinis mo
nang mabuti yung bunganga mo
 Avoid acidic drink
 Avoid smoking
-to avoid bad breath, iwasan tong mga bagay na to
 Wear clean and fresh clothes
-body lice tend to stay in places with a lot of humidity just like your groin and armpits so dapat clean and presko yung suot natin

Poor hygiene can contribute to transmission of disease

Poor hygiene can also spread viruses. Like in our case covid 19 wherein nasa pandemic tayo very important na maghand wash kasi we
have no idea kung ano ba yung possible na nasa kamay natin na pwede nating maipasa.
Another example, pag may sakit tayo such as flu and we lack knowledge about sickness hygiene. Basta basta na lang babahing or uubo
 without covering your nose, that can contribute to spreading of disease
Prevention:
 Always perform hand hygiene
-specially sa mga health care workers, this is one of the most important measure para maiwasan yung transmission of disease
 Wearing PPE
-kailangan din nating magsuot ng ppe like mask, specially pag hindi maiiwasang lumabas ng bahay, this preventative measure is to prevent
the disease from spreading to other people
 Isolate yourself when you have disease
-for instance naramdaman mo na yung mag signs and symptoms ng sakit like pagubo, sinisipon or nilalagnat. Isolate mo na yung sarili mo
para hindi mahawa yung mga nakakasalamuha mo
 Avoid going to social gatherings
-in connection din sa nauna, pag may sakit ka na. Wag ka nang magpunta sa matataong lugar. Kasi the more na maraming
makakasalamuha, the more na mas maipapasa yung sakit
 Practice proper sickness hygiene
-cover your mouth and nose when you sneeze or cough using tissue and discard it after use

Poor hygiene can have side effects in our body

▪ Scabies
▪ pubic lice
▪ head lice
▪ body lice
▪ diarrhea
▪ athlete’s foot
▪ ringworm
▪ pinworms
These are the parasite na pwedeng manirahan sa katawan mo if you have poor hygiene.
Prevention:
 Wash your head and body regularly
-para maiwasan yung mga lice na pwedeng tumira sa katawan natin
 Wear clean clothes and change regularly
-of course kailangan din malinis yung sinusuot natin
 Wear clean socks
 Taking time to wash your feet
-this is to avoid athlete’s foot
 Wash your foods thoroughly
 Wash your hands before preparing foods
-para makaiwas sa diarrhea, dapat mula sa preparation hanggang sa food na kinakain natin ay malinis

Poor hygiene can affect your presentation

-you should always look presentable. Having poor hygiene can negatively affect your presentation, making people judge your skills
and your abilities. And pwede rin pag hindi ka malinis sa katawan, baka layuan ka ng tao or iwasan ka nila. And pag nangyari yon,
pwede ring bumama yung self esteem mo.

Prevention:
 Wear clean and presentable clothes
 Take care of your skin
-siyempre kailangan malinis yung skin mo. I am not saying na dapat maputi ka or clear skin ka, what’s important is malinis yung skin mo.
(hindi yung may visible na libag ganon)
 Take care of your body
-yun nga, dapat presentable ka tingnan. Ayusin mo yung buhok mo and dapat maayos at malinis din yung suot mong damit

And having presentable look din kasi, can boost your confident and you can have a sense of pride in your appearance.