IS 6533 (Part 2) : 1989

(Reaffirmed
( Reaffirmed 1998)
2003 )
Edition 2.1
(1998-06)

Indian Standard
CODE OF PRACTICE FOR DESIGN AND

FOR INTERNAL USE AT THIS LOCATION ONLY

LICENSED TO LANCO INFRATECH LIMITED, UDUOG VIHAR, GURGAON,
CONSTRUCTION OF STEEL CHIMNEY
PART 2 STRUCTURAL ASPECT

( First Revision )
(Incorporating Amendment No. 1)

UDC 697.8 (669.14) : 69.001.3

© BIS 2002

BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS

MANAK BHAVAN , 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
NEW DELHI 110002

Price Group 8
Structural Engineering Sectional Committee, CED 7

FOREWORD

This Indian Standard (Part 2) (First Revision) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards on
20 April 1989, after the draft finalized by the Structural Engineering Sectional Committee had
been approved by the Civil Engineering Division Council.
This standard was first published in 1971. On suggestions by practising engineers and
representatives of various organizations in the country, the Sectional Committee decided to
bifurcate the standard in two parts, separating structural aspects from the mechanical aspects as
follows:
Part 1 Mechanical aspects, and
Part 2 Structural aspects.
In this part (Part 2), the dynamic effects of wind have been included as a check for resonance

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oscillations. More accurate method of determining the natural frequency of oscillation has been
included. Many of the commonly known formulae and calculation steps for design have been
deleted to make the code concise. Further, since the principal load on the chimney is wind load, no
increase in permissible stress is envisaged in this code aligning with the present line of thinking
for wind loads.
Atmospheric pollution regulations necessitate adoption of tall chimneys which require
strengthening against stresses caused by oscillation due to wind action. Alternative procedures
(a) making an appropriate increase in the design wind loading, and (b) indicating the need of
strengthening or incorporation of devices for suppressing von-Karman type oscillations are given
in Annex A.
Certain methods of strengthening, such as welding or bolting helical strakes to the top one-third
height of the chimney and the installation of damping devices are recommended ( see A-2.2 ).
Design and construction of chimneys have become specialized field with a lot of scope for research
and modifications. It is, therefore, attempted in this standard to cover only the basic requirements.
The designer should use his discretion in the use of research data available.
In the preparation of this standard, considerable assistance has been derived from the following:
a) BS 4076 : 1978 Specification for steel chimneys, and
b) Stroitelny Normi E Provila (SNIP-II-VI-1974) USSR (Soviet Norms on Loads and Actions).
This edition 2.1 incorporates Amendment No. 1 (June 1998). Side bar indicates modification of the
text as the result of incorporation of the amendment.
 IS 6533 (Part 2) : 1989

Indian Standard
CODE OF PRACTICE FOR DESIGN AND
CONSTRUCTION OF STEEL CHIMNEY
PART 2 STRUCTURAL ASPECT

( First Revision )
1 SCOPE 4.4 Aerodynamic Stabilizer
1.1 This standard (Part 2) covers terminology, A device fitted to the structural shell to reduce
loading, materials, structural design, wind excited oscillations by modifying vertex
construction, inspection, maintenance and sheddings.
painting of both self-supporting and guyed steel
4.5 Anchor for Guy
chimneys (with or without lining) and their
supporting structures. The foundation for the fixing of guy.

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1.2 The design of chimneys of cross section other 4.6 Base Gussets
than circular is not included in this standard.
A triangular or trapezoidal steel plate fixed to
1.3 Chimneys in pairs, rows or groups, and those the chimney shell and to the base plate.
near other structures of comparable height may
4.7 Base Plate
be subjected to exceptional wind force and
particularly wind induced oscillations greater A horizontal steel plate fixed to the base of a
than that allowed for in this standard. chimney.
Appropriate expert advice should, therefore, be
obtained in these cases. 4.8 Base Stool

1.4 The purpose for which the chimney is A construction comprising two vertical plates
required will determine whether lining, (base gussets) welded to the chimney shell and
insulation or cladding is necessary. to the base plate, supporting a horizontal plate
through which the holding down bolts pass and
2 REFERENCES against which the bolts can be tightened.
2.1 The Indian Standards listed in Annex B are 4.9 Bracket
necessary adjuncts to this standard.
A construction providing resistance to lateral
3 STATUTORY PROVISIONS
displacement of the chimney, and/or supporting
3.1 Compliance with this code does not relieve part or all of the weight of the chimney.
any one from the responsibility of observing
provisions as may have been promulgated by 4.10 Bracketed Chimney
any statutory body and/or observing provincial A chimney in which not all external applied
building byelaws and the civil aviation loads (namely, wind) are carried exclusively by
requirements pertaining to such structures. the structural shell and for which brackets are
4 TERMINOLOGY provided to ensure stability.
4.0 For the purpose of this standard, definitions 4.11 Clean Out Door
given in 4.1 to 4.40 shall apply. A door, normally at the base of the chimney, to
4.1 Access Door permit the removal of flue dust and/or provide
access.
A door for the entry of personnel.
4.2 Access Hooks 4.12 Cope Band
Fittings welded to a chimney to permit the A steel flat or angle attached to the top of the
attachment of steeplejack’s equipment. chimney around its perimeter to give added
strength and corrosion resistance at this level.
4.3 Access Ladder
A steel ladder provided along the height of the 4.13 Cope-Hood
chimney fixed with chimney shell for providing A hood fitted externally to the top of a liner,
access for personnel to reach different heights for covering the upstand of the cap plate to prevent
inspection/maintenance, etc. the ingress of rain water.

1
IS 6533 (Part 2) : 1989

4.14 Corrosion Test Piece 4.26 Holding Down Bolts

A fixed or removable steel plate insert, Bolts built into a concrete foundation or
generally of lesser thickness than the shell of supporting framework to provide anchorage at
the chimney, in contact with the waste gases the base of the chimney.
and fitted at strategic points where maximum 4.27 Inlet
corrosion is expected to occur.
An opening in the side of a chimney to permit
4.15 Cowl the entry of exhaust gases from connecting flue
A conical or dished cap fitted to the top of the duct.
chimney to prevent or minimize entry of rain 4.28 Joint Flange
water. A steel section fitted to the end of a chimney
4.16 Cowl Stays section to enable section to be connected
together.
Steel stays which connect the cowl to the top of
the chimney. 4.29 Lateral Supports

4.17 Cravat Supports positioned at appropriate levels

within the structural shell to locate the liners
An upstand fixed to the roof of a building or and to allow for their independent expansion.

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roof plate to prevent the entry of rain water
4.30 Liners
into the building.
Flue ducts contained within a structural shell.
4.18 Double Skin Chimney
4.31 Multiflue Chimney
A chimney consisting of an outer load-bearing
steel shell and all inner steel liner which A group of two or more chimneys within a
carries the flue gases. structural framework or a group of two or more
liners within a structural shell.
4.19 Doubling Plate
4.32 Nominal Chimney Diameter
A plate fixed to the shell to reinforce it where
Internal diameter at the top of the steel shell.
increased stresses occur.
4.33 Roof Plate
4.20 Flare
A plate which follows the contour of the root
The bottom portion of the chimney in the form round the chimneys where it passes through
of a truncated cone. the roof. It is also known as flashing around the
4.21 Gallery chimney.

The platform around the shaft for observation 4.34 Self-Supporting Chimney
and maintenance. A chimney in which externally applied loads
4.22 Guy (namely, wind) are carried exclusively by the
structural shell and which together with the
A wire rope attached at one end of the chimney foundation, will remain stable under all design
and anchored at the other end so as to provide conditions without additional support.
resistance to the lateral displacement of the top
4.35 Stack
of the chimney.
Normally the straight portion of the chimney.
4.23 Guy Band
4.36 Stay
A steel band/section fitted around the outside of
a chimney with provision for the attachment of A rigid member providing both tensile and
guys. compressive resistance to the lateral
displacement of the chimney.
4.24 Guyed Chimney
4.37 Stayed Chimney
A chimney in which not all externally applied
loads (namely, wind) are carried exclusively by A chimney in which not all externally applied
the structural shell and for which guys are loads (namely, wind) are carried exclusively by
provided to ensure stability. the structural shell and for which stays are
provided to ensure stability.
4.25 Height of Steel Shaft
4.38 Strake Vane
Length between underside of base plate and the An aerodynamic stabilizer fitted to reduce wind
top of the chimney. excited oscillations.

2
 IS 6533 (Part 2) : 1989

4.39 Structural Shell 5.7 Guy Ropes and Fittings

The main external steel plate of the chimney Guy ropes shall conform to IS 2141 : 1979 and
excluding any flanges. IS 2266 : 1970 and shall be galvanized or
4.40 Weather Hood protected from corrosion by other suitable
means.
A hood designed to shed rain water clear of the
cravat and prevent its entry into the building. 5.8 Other materials used in association with
steel works shall, where appropriate Indian
5 MATERIALS Standard Specification for the material exist,
5.1 Plates and Sections conform to such specification.
Steel plates and sections used in the 6 LOADING AND LOAD COMBINATIONS
constructions of chimneys shall conform to
IS 226 : 1975, IS 961 : 1975, IS 2062 : 1984 or 6.1 Dead Loads
IS 8500 : 1977, whichever is appropriate. Where the unit weight of materials are not
Suitable stainless or alloy steels may be used in known, the dead load shall be calculated
special circumstances, such as, when the gases according to IS 875 (Part 1) : 1987.
are of an extremely aggressive nature or are at
a temperature higher than 480°C but the 6.1.1 In calculating dead loads, the weight of
chimney shell, permanent fixtures such as,

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thickness shall otherwise comply with the
requirements of this specification. ladders, platforms, baffles, and guys (if any)
shall be included. The weight of flue lining
5.2 Rivets shall be treated as a separate load for the
Rivets used in the constructions of chimneys purpose of load combinations. The flue lining
shall comply with IS 1929 : 1982, and shall not be assumed to increase section
IS 2155 : 1982, as appropriate. Rivets made of modulus of the shell nor resist overturning due
high tensile steel, if used, shall conform to to its lateral bending stiffness or strutting
IS 1149 : 1982. action.
5.3 Welding Consumables 6.2 Imposed Loads
5.3.1 Covered electrodes shall conform to Imposed loads on platforms shall be taken at
IS 814 (Part 1) : 1974, IS 814 (Part 2) : 1974 or the rate of 300 kg/m2.
IS 1395 : 1982, as appropriate.
6.3 Wind Loads
5.3.2 The bare wire electrodes for submerged
arc welding shall conform to IS 7280 : 1974. The wind loads shall be calculated in
The combination of wire and flux shall satisfy accordance with the provisions contained in
the requirements of IS 3613 : 1974. IS 875 (Part 3) : 1987.
5.3.3 Filler rods and bare electrodes for gas 6.3.1 Wind force on ladders and other fixtures
sheilded metal arc welding shall conform to fixed to a chimney shall be determined and
IS 6419 : 1971 and IS 6500 : 1972, as added to the force on the chimney.
appropriate.
6.4 Earthquake Loads
5.4 Bolts and Nuts
Unless otherwise specified, the provision
Bolts and nuts shall conform to IS 1363 : 1984, contained in IS 1893 : 1975 shall apply.
1364 : 1983, IS 3640 : 1982, IS 3757 : 1972,
IS 6623 : 1972, IS 6639 : 1972, and IS 7002 : 6.5 Load Combination
1972 as appropriate. Foundation bolts shall For the design of chimney and its foundation,
conform to IS 5624 : 1970. any of the following load combinations which
5.4.1 Supply conditions of threaded fasteners produce maximum forces and effects and
shall conform to IS 1367 (Part 1) : 1980, IS 1367 consequently maximum stresses shall be
(Part 3) : 1979 and IS 1367 (Part 6) : 1980, as chosen:
appropriate.
a) Dead load + wind load,
5.5 Washers
b) Dead load + earthquake load,
Washers shall conform to IS 5369 : 1975,
IS 5370 : 1969, IS 6610 : 1972 and IS 6649 : c) Dead load + load due to lining + imposed
1972, as appropriate. load on service platforms + wind load, or
5.6 Steel Castings d) Dead load + load due to lining + imposed
Steel castings shall conform to Grade 23-45 of load on service platforms + earthquake
IS 1030 : 1982. loads.

3
IS 6533 (Part 2) : 1989
7 DESIGN 7.3 Minimum Thickness of Steel
7.1 General 7.3.1 Chimney Shell
For the design of chimney shell and other The minimum thickness of the structural
components of chimney in steel, the relevant chimney shell in single or multiple shell
provisions contained in IS 800 : 1984 shall be constructions, shall be the calculated thickness
applicable in conjunction with the provision of obtained from stress and deflection
this standard. considerations plus the corrosion allowance
7.1.1 The provisions covered in IS 800 : 1984 ( see 7.5 ), but shall not be less than 6.0 mm nor
regarding the following shall, however, be less than 1/500 of the outside diameter of the
superseded by the requirements of this chimney at the considered height.
standard: 7.3.2 Chimney Liner
a) Minimum thickness,
The minimum thickness of the steel liner in a
b) Allowable deflection, double skin or multiple construction shall be
c) Allowance for corrosion, the calculated thickness obtained from stress
d) Allowance for temperature, considerations plus the corrosion allowance,
but shall be not less than 6.0 mm.
e) Allowable compressive stress in circular
shells due to direct force and bending 7.3.3 Supporting Steelwork

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moment, and The minimum thickness for hot rolled sections
f) Stresses due to earthquake. used for external construction exposed to the
7.2 Basic Dimensions weather shall be 8.0 mm, and for constructions
not so exposed and ancillary steelwork, 6.0 mm.
7.2.1 The basic dimensions of the chimney, These provisions do not apply to the webs of
namely, clear diameter, height, etc, are decided
Indian Standard rolled steel sections or to
on considerations of temperature, composition
packings. The minimum thickness of hollow
of flue gases, adjacent structures, pollution sections sealed at the ends, used for external
control, draft requirements, etc, with Part 1 in
constructions exposed to the weather or other
accordance with this standard. Nevertheless,
corrosive influences shall be 4 mm, and for
certain recommended proportions should be constructions not so exposed shall be 3 mm.
maintained for the strength and stability of the
chimney. 7.3.4 Angle Flanges
7.2.2 The clear diameter of the chimney is the The minimum thickness of jointing flanges to
nominal diameter of the shell if the chimney is chimney shall be 6.0 mm.
unlined or partially lined. For fully lined
7.4 Allowable Deflection
chimney the clear diameter shall be the clear
diameter of the lining at the top. The fully lined The maximum deflection at the top of the steel
chimney shall have a minimum clear diameter chimney produced by the wind load without
of 500 mm. If, for technological reasons, it is taking into account the dynamic factors,
necessary to have a smaller diameter, the top calculated as acting on the circular cross
opening shall be reduced by constricting the section shall not be greater than h/200. Where
passage locally. ‘h’ is the unsupported height of the chimney.
7.2.3 A self-supporting chimney of height 40 m 7.5 Allowance for Corrosion
and above shall be provided with a flare at the
The total allowance for corrosion shall be the
base to achieve better stability. sum of the external ( Tce ) and internal ( Tci )
7.2.4 Proportions of the basic dimensions of a allowances given in Table 1. This total
self-supporting chimney shall conform to the allowance shall be added to the thickness of
following: shell obtained from the calculations of the
a) Minimum height of flare be equal to stresses and deflection. Internal flanges shall
one-third the height of the chimney. have corrosion allowance Tci , and external
b) Minimum outside diameter of unlined flanges corrosion allowance Tce except if they
chimney shell at top be equal to are encased.
one-twentieth of the height of cylindrical NOTE — However, a lower corrosion allowance than
portion of chimney and for lined chimney specified in Table 1 may be adopted at the discretion of
it shall be one-twentyfifth of the height of the designer/owner, if it can be ensured that the
properties of flue gas and its effect on the chimney shell
the cylindrical portion. will not adversely affect the safety requirements.
c) Minimum outside diameter of flared
7.6 Effective Height of Chimney Shell
chimney shell at base be equal to 1.6 times
the outside diameter of chimney shell at Effective height of chimney shall be as specified
top. in Table 2.

4
 IS 6533 (Part 2) : 1989

Table 1 Corrosion Allowance Tce and Tci,

( Clause 7.5 )
Degree of Corrosion Expected Corrosion Allowance, in mm








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

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












Copper Bearing Steel Non-copper Bearing Steel
















Design Life Design Life
















10 yrs 20 yrs 10 yrs 20 yrs
a) External, Tce
1) None (that is, paint, insulation, cladding or Nil Nil Nil Nil
similar protection available always)
2) Above average (that is, unprotected) 1 2 1.5 3
b) Internal, Tci
1) None (such as, non-corrosive flue gases or the Nil Nil Nil Nil
structural shells of multiflue chimney)
2) Average (such as, lined, insulated or natural 1 2 1.5 3
gas fired)
3) Above average (such as, unprotected coal fired) 2 3 3 5
NOTES

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1 The internal corrosion allowance for the exceptional degree of corrosion shall be as mutually agreed between the
purchaser and the designer, based on the desired life of the chimney.
2 No corrosion allowance need be provided if the chimney shell is made of stainless steel.
3 Partly lining the inside chimney with stainless steel does not eleminate the possibility of corrosion because of the
condensed effluent passing down to chimney. The same is not recommended.

Table 2 Effective Height of Chimney Shell

( Clauses 7.6 and C-1 )
Description Effective Height, he
Self-supporting he = a
chimney

Supported For stresses in BC

chimney, he = b
fixed base For stresses in AB
he = 0.85 a

Supported For stresses in BC

chimney, pinned he = b
based For stresses in AB
he = a

5
IS 6533 (Part 2) : 1989

7.7 Maximum Permissible Stress in the In case of steels other than IS 226 : 1975 and
Shell IS 2062 : 1984, maximum permissible stresses
To control buckling, the compressive stress as obtained from 7.7.1, shall be reduced based
on temperature coefficient factor Kt obtained by
caused by the combination of extreme fibre
dividing yield stress at the operating
stresses due to bending and direct load for the
load combination given in 6.5, shall not exceed temperature by the yield stress at 20°C.
values specified in Table 3 for steels conforming 7.9 Other Stresses in Steel
to IS 226 : 1975 and IS 2062 : 1984. The values
shall be reduced further if necessary for Allowable stresses in axial tension, shear and
temperature and calculated with the corrosion bearing shall be as specified in IS 800 : 1984.
allowance deduced from the thickness t.
7.10 Increase in Stresses
7.7.1 For steels other than IS 226 : 1975 and
IS 2062 : 1984, maximum permissible stresses For load combination involving earthquake, the
1
shall be obtained by multiplying the values in permissible stresses may be exceeded by 33 --3-
Table 3 by the factor Fy / fy, where Fy is the percent provided the steel thickness shall
guaranteed yield stress of steel used and fy is neither be less than the minimum thickness
the guaranteed yield stress of steel conforming specified nor when the earthquake loads are
to IS 226/IS 2062, that is, 250 MPa. neglected.

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7.7.2 The maximum permissible stresses given 7.11 Allowance for Large Openings in shell
in Table 3 have been worked out in accordance
with the formulae given in Annex C. The allowable stresses apply to the shell plates
after due allowance for rivets and bolt holes.
7.8 Allowance for Temperature Where large apertures are cut in the shell
7.8.1 Maximum permissible stresses as plates, as for inlets or inspection panels, a
obtained in 7.7 shall be corrected for the most structural analysis of the stresses shall be
adverse temperature conditions to which the made and compensating material provided, as
member or part may reasonably be expected to required, to ensure that the stresses specified
be exposed by multiplying with the appropriate in the standard are not exceeded. Apertures in
temperature coefficient Kt given in Table 4. The the shell plates, other than flue inlets, shall
expected temperature of steel components shall have the corners rounded to a minimum radius
not be allowed to exceed 400°C. of 10 t, where t is the thickness of the plate.

Table 3 Maximum Permissible Stress for Circular Chimneys

( Clauses 7.7, 7.7.1, 7.7.2 and C-1 )

Maximum Permissible Stress in MPa, for D/t

Ratio
-----------------
he/D

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







































140 150 160 170 180 190 200 225 250 300 350 400 450 500
and
less
Up to 20 126 124 123 120 118 115 112 105 99 87 78 70 64 58
30 108 107 105 103 101 99 96 90 85 75 67 60 55 50
40 89 88 86 85 83 81 79 74 70 62 55 50 45 41
50 72 71 70 69 68 66 64 60 57 50 45 40 37 34
60 59 58 57 56 55 54 52 49 46 41 36 33 30 27
70 48 48 47 46 45 44 43 40 38 33 30 27 24 22
80 40 40 39 38 37 37 36 33 31 28 25 22 20 19
90 33 33 33 32 31 31 30 28 26 23 21 19 17 16
100 28 28 28 27 26 26 25 24 22 20 18 16 14 13
110 24 24 24 23 23 22 22 20 19 17 15 13 12 11
120 21 21 20 20 19 19 19 17 16 14 13 12 11 10
130 18 18 18 17 17 17 16 15 14 13 11 10 9 8
140 16 16 15 15 15 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7
150 14 14 14 13 13 13 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 7
t = thickness of the plate of the level considered,
D = mean diameter at the level considered (in metres), and
he = effective height for consideration of buckling in m.
NOTE — Intermediate values may be linearly interpolated.

6
 IS 6533 (Part 2) : 1989
Table 4 Temperature Coefficient, Kt 8.2.3 Static wind force acting at the midpoint of
( Clause 7.8.1 ) Kth zone ( K varying from 1 to r ) shall be
calculated from the formula,
Temperature, °C
Pst, k = C qk hk dk






















0-200 250 300 350 400 where Pst, k = static wind load acting at the
Kt 1.0 0.75 0.67 0.6 0.5 midpoint of Kth zone, in N;
NOTE — Intermediate values shall be linearly qk = static wind pressure at the
interpolated. midpoint of Kth zone, in Pa;
7.12 Deflection Stresses hk = height of Kth zone strip, in
metres;
If the chimney carries a vertical load other than dk = external diameter of chimney of
its own weight, due for example, to the reaction Kth zone, in metres taking into
of guys, lining or an imposed vertical load so account strakes, if fitted. For
that an appreciable compressive stress results, chimney with strakes, this shall
deflection due to wind may cause the axial load be 1.2 times the external
to become eccentric, the bending moment so diameter of the chimney shell;
produced shall be determined, added to that and
from the windload and any other live or dead
load and used to calculate the combind stress C = shape factor for chimney which

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which shall not exceed those specified in 7.8. may be taken as 0.7 for the
This procedure is necessary only if the total portion with circular cross
axial load produces stresses greater than section, without strakes.
one-third of the bending stress due to wind. NOTE — For other shapes, surface conditions,
attachments, line platform, hand rails and for groups of
7.13 Factor of Safety for Guy Ropes and chimneys on suitable shape factors shall be taken.
Fittings 8.3 Calculation of Dynamic Wind Loads
A minimum factor of safety of 3 shall be 8.3.1 In case of self-supported chimneys, if the
adopted in the design of guy ropes and other period of natural oscillation for the chimney
fittings. computed as given below exceeds 0.25 seconds,
7.13.1 For guyed chimney, it is necessary to the design wind loads shall take into
establish the safety of the chimney shell and consideration the dynamic effect due to
guys for the forces induced due to temperature pulsation of thrust caused by wind velocity in
effect. addition to the static wind load calculated
7.14 Foundation under 8.2.3.
The natural frequency, first mode, for a
The foundation shall be designed for the worst chimney of varying diameter or thickness, shall
combination of loads specified in 6, such that be calculated by dividing the chimney into a
the resulting pressure on the subsoil by number of convenient zones as given in 8.2.2.
considering the dead weight, movements and
horizontal forces, is limited to safe bearing
capacity of the soil. Necessary care should be The frequency f =
taken on the effects of the temperature and where
seasonal changes.
m = mass of the zone including the lining or
8 DESIGN CALCULATION covering, in kg;
8.1 General x = deflection of the same zone due to the
Design of chimney shall be such that the force equal to gravity acting on its mass
stresses in any part of the chimney do not normally at the mass centre with the
exceed the values specified in 7 for the loads base fixed and top free, in metres; and
and load combinations given in 6. g rate of gravitational acceleration
=
= 9.8 m/s2.
8.2 Calculation of Static Wind Load
8.3.2 Dynamic effect of wind is influenced by a
8.2.1 Static wind pressure, q, acting normal to number of factors, such as, mass and its
the surface of chimney shall be taken as disposition along chimney height, period and
specified in IS 875 (Part 3) : 1987 for the mode of natural oscillation. 1ogarithmic
appropriate wind zone, terrain and topography. decrement of dampening, pulsation of velocity
8.2.2 To determine the wind force acting at thrust, etc. Values of dynamic components of
different heights of chimney, the latter shall be wind load should be determined for each mode
divided into a number of convenient zones such of oscillation of the chimney as a system of
that the number of zones shall not be less than inertia forces acting at the centre of the zone
three and the zone height shall not exceed 10 m. being considered.

7
IS 6533 (Part 2) : 1989

Inertia force Pdyn, in N acting at the centre of Table 5 Coefficient of Dynamic Influence
the jth zone of the chimney in the ith mode of ξi for Steel Chimneys
natural oscillation is determined as follows ( see ( Clause 8.3.3 )
Fig. 1 ):
ξi Values of ξi for
Pdyn, ij = Mj ξi ηij




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








Lined Unlined
where Chimney Chimney
Mj = mass of the jth zone in kg 0 1.20 1.30
concentrated at its centre, 0.025 1.70 2.50
0.050 1.90 3.10
ξi = dynamic coefficient in accordance 0.075 2.10 3.50
with 8.3.3, 0.100 2.30 3.75
0.125 2.45 4.10
ηij = deduced acceleration in m/s2 of the 0.150 2.60 4.30
centre of the jth zone taken in 0.175 2.70 4.50
accordance with 8.3.4, and 0.200 2.75 4.70
NOTE — Intermediate values may be linearly
= coefficient which takes care of the interpolated
space correlation of wind pulsation
8.3.4 Deduced acceleration ηij, in m/s2 is

FOR INTERNAL USE AT THIS LOCATION ONLY

LICENSED TO LANCO INFRATECH LIMITED, UDUOG VIHAR, GURGAON,
speed according to height and
vicinity of building structures and is determined according to formula:
taken in accordance with 8.3.5.

where
Mk = mass of the kth zone, in kg;
ij, ik = relative ordinates of mode shape
corresponding to the centres of jth
and kth zones in the ith mode of
oscillation. In special cases
involving the interaction of soil
structure affecting the mode
shape considerably, the relative
ordinates shall be accordingly
calculated.;
Pst,k = wind load on the kth zone
determined according to 8.2.3;
r = number of zones into which the
chimney is divided; and;
mk = coefficient of pulsation of speed
thrust for the centre of the kth
zone, taken as in Table 6.
FIG. 1 DESIGN SCHEME OF CHIMNEY IN THE ith 8.3.5 The value of coefficient shall be taken
MODE OF OSCILLATION from Table 7 depending upon the parameter ξi
as given in 8.3.4. For structures of cantilever
8.3.3 Dynamic coefficient ξi (for lined and type, v shall be taken only for the first mode of
unlined chimney) is determined from Table 5 natural oscillation. For higher modes, shall
depending on the parameter ξi : be taken as 1.
8.3.6 While determining the wind load on the
Ti Vb chimney, consideration of the first mode of
ξi = --------------
-
1 200 natural oscillation is sufficient. It is
recommended to consider higher modes of
Ti = period of ith mode of natural oscillation oscillation only when the chimney is very tall, say,
in seconds, and 80 and above and when consideration of mass,
stiffness and disposition of various loads acting
Vb = basic wind speed in m/s. on the chimney require a more thorough analysis.

8
 IS 6533 (Part 2) : 1989

Table 6 Coefficient of Pulsation of Speed stk and dyn,k = deflections due to static
Thruts, mk and dynamic wind
( Clause 8.3.4 ) pressure respectively at
the kth zone with
Type of Height Above Ground Level, in m respect to the original

























Location
Up to 20 40 60 100 200 350 and position; and
10 above s = number of modes of
A 0.60 0.55 0.48 0.46 0.42 0.38 0.35 oscillation.
B 0.83 0.75 0.65 0.60 0.54 0.46 0.40 8.4 Check for Resonance
NOTES 8.4.1 In case of self-supporting chimney,
1 Type A relates to open locations (Steppe, desert, sea checking for resonance shall be carried out if
coast, lake, reservoir, etc). the critical velocity Vcr as determined from
2 Type B relates to outskirts of town, widespread forest Annex A is within the range:
and its like, regular obstacles of height more than 10 m.
a) 0.5 to 0.8 times the design wind velocity
for lined chimneys, and
Table 7 Coefficient
b) 0.33 to 0.8 times the design wind velocity
( Clause 8.3.5 ) for the unlined chimneys.

FOR INTERNAL USE AT THIS LOCATION ONLY

LICENSED TO LANCO INFRATECH LIMITED, UDUOG VIHAR, GURGAON,
Height of Chimney, in m 8.4.2 For lined chimneys, checking for


















Up to 60 120 150 300 450 and

resonance should be carried out for both the
ξi 45 above cases, that is, with and without lining.
≤ 0.05 0.70 0.65 0.60 0.55 0.45 — 8.4.3 Design force F, bending moment M and
0.1 — 0.75 0.65 0.60 0.50 0.40 deflection at level z during resonance shall be
0.2 — — 0.75 0.70 0.60 0.50 determined by formulae:
NOTE — Intermediate values may be linearly inter-
polated.

8.3.7 Total design lateral force ( Pk ), bending

moment ( Mk ) and deflection ( k ) due to wind
load should be computed from static and
dynamic calculations corresponding to the ith
mode of natural oscillation and summed up where
according to the following formulae:
Fres,z, Mres,z and res,z = transverse force,
bending moment
and deflection at
resonance respec-
tively at level z
( see A-5 );
Fst,z, Mst,z and st,z = static transverse
force, bending
moment and
deflection due to
static wind load
( see A-6 ); and
where Fdyn,z, Mdyn,z and dyn,z = dynamic transvers
e force, bending
Pst,k and Pdyn,k = the static and dynamic moment and
wind load acting at mid deflection due to
point of kth zone, dynamic wind load
respectively; ( see 8.3.2 ).
Mst,k and Mdyn,k = bending moments due to 8.5 Holding Down Bolts
the static and dynamic The maximum stress in holding down bolts
wind pressure calculated taking into account the worst
respectively, acting at combination of loading shall not exceed the
kth zone; permissible stresses as specified in IS 800 :
1984.

9
IS 6533 (Part 2) : 1989
8.6 Design of Base Plate Mm = overturning moment produced by dead
The maximum stresses in the base plate and or other loads which may act to
stiffeners and bearing pressure on foundation increase combined moment,
shall be calculated for the worst combination of Me = overturning moment produced by dead
loading and shall not exceed the permissible or other loads which act at all times to
values in accordance with the relevant reduce combined moment, and
provisions of IS 800 : 1984 and IS 456 : 1978. Ma = resisting moment produced by the
foundation without exceeding the
9 STABILITY allowable material stress and the
9.1 Structure ground stress without exceeding the
foundation bearing pressure.
9.1.1 The stability of the structure as a whole or
any part of it shall be investigated and 9.2.2 In the case of self-supporting chimney,
calculations shall be made to show that the the stability of the structure as a whole shall be
stresses imposed by 1.6 times the total of wind investigated and weight or anchorages shall be
load plus any stress increasing imposed loads, so proportioned that the least resisting moment
less 0 9 times the minimum dead load excluding shall be not less than the sum of 1.5 times the
any stress reducing imposed loads, will not maximum overturning moment due to dead
exceed 1.8 times the allowable stress specified. load and wind load/earthquake load.
1.6 ( σw + σm ) — 0 9 σe < 1.8 σa 10 MISCELLANEOUS COMPONENTS

FOR INTERNAL USE AT THIS LOCATION ONLY

LICENSED TO LANCO INFRATECH LIMITED, UDUOG VIHAR, GURGAON,
where 10.1 Base Plate and Holding Down Bolts
σw = stress produced by wind load, Holding down bolts shall be adequately
tightened with appropriate precautions using
σm = stress produced by any other load washers and locknuts to prevent the stripping
which may act to increase the of threads and the base plate shall be properly
combined stress, grouted. Typical details of base plate and
σe = stress produced by dead load and any holding down bolts are shown in Fig. 2.
other load which acts at all times and 10.2 Base Gussets and Stools
will reduce the combined stress, and
Where base gussets or stools are used, they
σa = maximum permissible stresses at the should preferably be evenly disposed around
operating temperature. the chimney shell. Smaller secondary gussets
9.1.2 To ensure stability at all times, account may be provided between the main gussets.
shall be taken of probable variations in dead Base gussets shall be of ample height and shall
load during construction, repair or other extend to the edge of the base plate. The angle
similar work. of the sloping edge of any gusset to the
9.1.3 While computing the stability, it shall be horizontal shall be not less than 60°. The
minimum thickness of the gusset shall be
ensured that the resulting pressure and shear
forces to be transferred to the supporting soil 8 mm.
through foundation, will not cause failure of 10.3 Chimney Head
foundation. The chimney head shall be strengthened in a
9.2 Structure and Foundations suitable manner on the basis of the design and
shall have provisions for the attachment of
9.2.1 In the case of guyed or laterally supported erection and maintenance equipment.
chimneys, the stability of the structure and
foundation as a whole or any part of it shall be 10.4 Galleries and Platforms
investigated and weight or anchorage shall be Galleries and platforms for erection and service
provided so that, without exceeding the of warning lamps, earthing, inspection, etc,
allowable material stresses and foundation should be provided around the chimney
bearing pressure, 0.9 times the least restoring wherever necessary. Their width shall be at
moment including anchorage will not be less least 800 mm. These shall be provided with
than the sum of 1.1 times the maximum handrails of height, Im. The number and
overturning moment due to stress-increasing location of galleries and platforms may be
dead loads, less 0.9 times that due to mutually decided between the designer and the
stress-reducing loads, plus 1.4 times that due to customer.
wind and imposed loads, that is 10.5 Inspection/Cleaning Door
1.4 Mw + 1.1 Mm — 0.9 Me < 0.9 Ma Suitable door for access near the base, to the
inside of the chimney shall be provided for the
where
purpose of inspection of the inside of the
Mw = overturning moment produced by the chimney and also for ash removal. The
wind and imposed loads, minimum size of the door opening shall be
500 mm wide × 800 mm high clear ( see Fig. 3 )

10
 IS 6533 (Part 2) : 1989

FOR INTERNAL USE AT THIS LOCATION ONLY

LICENSED TO LANCO INFRATECH LIMITED, UDUOG VIHAR, GURGAON,
FIG. 2 TYPICAL DETAILS OF BASE OF STEEL CHIMNEY

FIG. 3 TYPICAL DETAILS OF CHIMNEY DOOR AND BOILER DUCTS

11
IS 6533 (Part 2) : 1989

10.6 Protection Against Lightning 10.9 Rigging Screws (Turn Buckles)

The chimney shall be provided with lightning Rigging screws shall conform to IS 3121 : 1965.
protection arrangements in accordance with These shall be provided with lock nuts to
IS 2309 : 1963. prevent slacking back.
10.7 Warning Lamps
Suitable warning lamps shall be provided. The 10.10 Steps and Ladders
recommended number and position of the same,
depending upon the height of the chimney is given 10.10.1 Steps
in Fig. 4. Whenever only one warning lamp is
shown in the figure, 2 numbers of lamps have to 10.10.1.1 Typical connection details of steps to
be provided diametrically opposite to each other. chimney shell are shown in Fig. 5.
10.7.1 Existing local and aviation regulations,
if any, should be followed ( see 3.1 also ). 10.10.1.2 The steps shall be welded to the
outside of the chimney at a spacing of 300 mm.
10.8 Baffle Plates
In the case of shafts of clear diameter of
When there are two or more breach openings or 3 000 mm and more, a second row of steps shall
flues entering the chimney, baffle plates shall be welded on the diametrically opposite side.

FOR INTERNAL USE AT THIS LOCATION ONLY

LICENSED TO LANCO INFRATECH LIMITED, UDUOG VIHAR, GURGAON,
be provided to properly direct the gases from Proper anticorrosive measure or alternatively,
flue duct up the chimney and prevent them proper selection of material for the steps shall
from interfering with the operation of the other be adopted keeping in view the location in the
flue. These baffles shall be properly insulated. chimney and the extent of corrosion involved.

Position of Height of Lamp in m for Chimney Height h

Lamp
























32.00 56.00 63.00 70.00 80.00 90.00 100.00 110.00

a 30.50 54.40 61.00 68.50 78.50 68.50 98.50 108.00
b — 27.00 31.50 33.50 98.50 43.50 48.50 73.50
c — — — — — — — 38.50

All dimensions in millimetres.

FIG. 4 LOCATION OF WARNING LAMPS OF THE CHIMNEY

12
 IS 6533 (Part 2) : 1989

10.10.2 Ladders
Typical connection details of ladders are shown
in Fig. 6.

FIG. 6 TYPICAL CONNECTION DETAILS FOR

LADDER

FOR INTERNAL USE AT THIS LOCATION ONLY

LICENSED TO LANCO INFRATECH LIMITED, UDUOG VIHAR, GURGAON,
10.10.2.1 Steel ladders may also be provided in
addition to steps. Safety enclosure or cage shall
be provided for chimneys taller than 20 m
starting from a height of 3 m from ground.
10.10.2.2 If individual section of a ladder
exceeds 20 m in height, an intermediate
landing platform shall be provided.
10.11 Position of Guys
10.11.1 Guys shall be positioned sufficiently
below the outlet of the chimney to avoid the
corrosive action of the emergent combustion
products. A minimum distance of 3 m is
recommended. There shall be a minimum of
three guy ropes to each set, guys shall be
positioned radially in plan and the angle
between any adjacent pair of guys shall not
exceed 130°. The guy ropes shall not exceed an
angle of 60° to the horizontal.
11 CONSTRUCTION
11.1 General
The fabrication and erection of steel chimneys,
guys, etc, shall generally be in accordance with
IS 800 : 1984. For welded chimneys, welding
shall be carried out in accordance with
FIG. 5 STEPS FOR STEEL CHIMNEYS IS 816 : 1969 and IS 9595 : 1980.
11.1.1 Non-destructive testing of weld, if
10.10.1.3 On the inner side of the chimney, required, may be carried out as mutually
steps may be welded at a spacing of 300 mm. If agreed between the parties concerned.
the steps are to be directly supported on the 11.2 Erection Tolerance
lining, the lining should have a minimum
The variation in the eccentricity of the axis of
thickness of 200 mm. Where the lining is
chimney from the vertical at any level shall not
thinner than the above, the steps shall be
welded direct to the shell with adequate exceed 1/1 000 of the height, at that particular
section.
clearance when the lining does not expand
along with the shell. In case where the 11.3 Clearance
diameter does not permit providing steps Where a chimney passes through a roof or other
inside, painter’s trolley should be used for part of a building, provision shall be made to
approach. accommodate the movement of the chimney and

13
IS 6533 (Part 2) : 1989

to limit the transfer of heat. Normally, an air gap 12.5 Where loose fill is used for insulation, this
of 50 mm is desirable. Flexible heat resistant should be inspected at three monthly intervals
packing may be used to fill the gap, if necessary. in the first 12 months and then annually. The
11.4 Sealing loose fill should be checked to ensure that it has
not compacted and, if necessary, it should be
Riveted chimneys shall be caulked, specially if topped up.
condensation is likely to occur.
11.5 Gas Tightness 12.6 Detailed record should be submitted after
each inspection describing any recommended
No gaskets shall be used in jointing flanges on maintenance.
structural steels.
NOTE — Liquid sealants are recommended to ensure
12.7 Guy wire and fittings, where present,
gas tightness and prevent corrosion in the meeting faces. should be examined for security tension and, if
10.6 Erection Tension necessary, be cleaned and greased.

The amount of pretensioning applied to the guy 13 PROTECTIVE TREATMENTS

ropes on site shall be in accordance with the
appropriate design considerations and may be 13.1 Surface Preparation for Painting
measured with a suitable instrument. The
tension in the guys after erection shall be not Consideration should be given to the surface

FOR INTERNAL USE AT THIS LOCATION ONLY

LICENSED TO LANCO INFRATECH LIMITED, UDUOG VIHAR, GURGAON,
less than 15 percent nor more than 30 percent preparation and protective treatment of both
of the calculated maximum tension due to the exterior and interior surfaces of chimney
wind. shells in order to prolong the life and improve
the appearance of the chimney. Immediately
12 INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE before applying any protective treatment to the
12.1 All steel chimneys shall be inspected and exterior or the interior surface of a steel
examined at least once a year. chimney shell, the surface shall be cleaned by
12.1.1 In case of uninsulated and unlined steel chipping, scrapping and wire brushing, or by
chimneys, the thickness of the shell should be other means to remove all dirt, loose scale,
determined by either ultra-sonic thickness grease, rust or other deleterious materials.
testing or by drill testing. At the same time, 13.1.1 Pretreatment and painting of chimney
any decorative or other surface finish on the shell parts shall generally conform to the
exterior of the chimney may be examined. The requirements of IS 1477 (Part 1) : 1971 and
internal surface of large diameter steel IS 1477 (Part 2) : 1971.
chimneys may also be inspected preferably by
close examination from a painter’s trolley or 13.2 Painting of Interior Surfaces
similar means of support.
13.2.1 Unlined Chimney Shell
12.1.2 Lined chimneys should also be inspected
internally by close examination from a painter’s There is generally no advantage in applying a
trolley or similar means of support to ascertain protective treatment except for the application
that the lining is still in serviceable condition of one coat of suitable priming paint to the
and fulfilling its task. interior surface of an unlined chimney shell
unless it can be shown that such treatment will
12.2 The details of the painter’s trolley are withstand the corrosive, abrasive and thermal
given in Fig. 7 for information. For chimney of effects of the flue gases and thus prolong the
diameter exceeding 3 m at the top, two such life of the chimney.
painter’s trolleys should be provided.
12.3 Flanges should be inspected to see if there 13.2.2 Lined Chimney Shell
is a build-up of rust between them as the When it is thought desirable to use a protective
pressure of rust build-up can overload the treatment on the interior steel surface of a
bolts/rivets in tension. In bolted connections, lined chimney, such treatment shall consist of
particular attention should be given to the the application of one coat of a suitable priming
conditions of the bolts. Selected bolts in critical paint followed by two coats of a finishing paint
areas should be removed, inspected, tested as or paints applied in accordance with the
necessary and be replaced with the new bolts. instructions of the manufacturer.
Should the examined bolts be serviceable, these
shall not be reused. 13.2.3 Multiflue Chimney Shells
12.4 The rivet heads on the interior of riveted The interior surface of the structural shell of a
chimney should be examined to ascertain that multiflue chimney shall be given one coat of a
they are secure and have not eroded to a suitable paint, applied in accordance with the
dangerous degree. instructions of the manufacturer.

14
 LICENSED TO LANCO INFRATECH LIMITED, UDUOG VIHAR, GURGAON,
FOR INTERNAL USE AT THIS LOCATION ONLY
IS 6533 (Part 2) : 1989

FIG. 7 TYPICAL DETAILS OF PAINTER’S TROLLEY ARRANGEMENT

15
IS 6533 (Part 2) : 1989

13.2.4 Chimney Shells with Monolithic Linings 13.4.2 Specifications

The interior steel surface of a chimney which is Surface preparations and metal spraying shall
to be given a monolithic lining needs no further be done in accordance with the requirements
protective treatment. The surface shall, stipulated in IS 6586 : 1972. Recognized
however, be clean and dry immediately before practices depending on the surface temperature
the application of the lining. of shell may also be taken in account.
13.3 Painting of Exterior Surfaces 13.4.3 Surface Preparation
13.3.1 Exposed Steel Sheet 13.4.3.1 It is essential that the blast-cleaned
Immediately after the surface preparation surface is sufficiently rough and clean to
outlined in 13.1 has been completed, the provide an adequate key for the sprayed
exterior surface shall be given a coat of suitable aluminium coating. The amplitude of the blast
priming paint followed by one coat of finishing cleaned surface shall be (0.l ± 0.05) mm.
paint applied in accordance with the 13.4.3.2 Compressed air for nozzle blast
recommendations of the manufacturer of the cleaning shall be effectively free from oil and
particular paint. A final coat of paint shall be moisture. The pressure during the blasting
applied after erection. process shall be not less than 400 kPa at the
Special attention should be paid to the upper nozzle.

FOR INTERNAL USE AT THIS LOCATION ONLY

LICENSED TO LANCO INFRATECH LIMITED, UDUOG VIHAR, GURGAON,
portion of the exterior surface, that is, for a 13.4.4 Methods of Application and Sealing of
distance of 1 to 2 times the chimney diameters Coatings
down from the top where only those protective 13.4.4.1 For shell temperatures up to 200°C,
treatments should be applied which are best the aluminium spray shall be applied by the
able to withstand the corrosive action of the electric arc or flame spraying process.
emerging flue gases.
13.4.4.2 For shell temperatures exceeding
13.3.2 Shell with External Cladding 200°C, the aluminium coating shall normally
Shells with external cladding shall comply with be applied by the electric arc process. The flame
13.3.1 except where the cladding or insulation spraying process may be used if the chimney is
is fitted at the works in which case the final not to be subjected to thermal shocks
coat of paint may be omitted. frequently produced by gas turbine exhausts.
13.3.3 Multi-Flue Chimney Framework The spray shall be sealed with a suitable
Where a framework forms supporting structure silicone based high temperature paint, applied
of a multi-flue chimney, the treatment as a flood coat.
described in 13.3.1 shall be applied. 13.4.4.3 The nominal thickness of the coating
13.4 Metal Spraying shall be not less than 0.18 mm.
13.4.1 General 13.4.4.4 Sealing coats

The exterior of a steel chimney may be The sprayed aluminium coating shall be sealed.
For temperatures not exceeding 150°C, certain
protected from atmospheric corrosion by the
organic base sealers or paints are suitable.
application of a sprayed metal coating.
Aluminium is the preferred metal for this Special high temperature resistant paints shall
be selected for use at temperatures exceeding
application (certain other metals have
150°C, that is, resin-modified silicone base
disadvantages when used for hot surfaces).
paints. Silicone base paints shall be used
The initial metal spray treatment shall be according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
applied under controlled conditions before
13.4.4.5 Application of sealing coats
erection and care shall be taken to avoid
damage during transportation and erection. Sealing coats shall be applied to clean dry
surfaces. Any oil, grease or other contaminants
Regions of damage where the coating has been
removed over an area, the maximum width of shall be removed by thoroughly washing with
thinners until no visible traces of
which exceeds 6 mm, shall be reblasted and
contamination exist and the surface shall be
resprayed, care being taken to avoid damaging
or loosening the bond in contiguous areas. allowed to dry for at least 15 minutes before
applying the coating. Sealing coats shall be
Minor areas of damage may be rectified by the
applied heavily enough to produce a wet
application of a suitable aluminium paint after
cleaning. appearance and shall be applied in accordance
with the manufacturer’s instructions. The
The finished appearance of sprayed chimneys treatment shall be applied at the contractor’s
may not be uniform shading or texture. works as soon as practicable after spraying.

16
 IS 6533 (Part 2) : 1989
ANNEX A
( Foreword and Clauses 8.4.1 and 8.4.3 )
WIND EXCITED OSCILLATIONS
A-1 GENERAL time after construction if experience shows
Chimneys are subject to oscillation due to wind them to be required, and provided that the
action. This annex explains the procedures to chimney is made strong enough in the first
include the effects of wind excited oscillations place to withstand the additional load from
as enumerated and suggests alternative guys or strakes applied later.
procedures for making an appropriate increase For instance, helical strakes of three rails
in the design wind loading and indicates when having a projection of 0.1 to 0.12 times the
strengthening or the incorporation of devices diameter of the chimney, wound, equally
for suppressing von Karman type of oscillations spaced, round the perimeter of the shell at a
is advisable. pitch of about five times the diameter of the
A-1.1 It has been found that chimneys of chimney for not less than the upper
circular cross section oscillate strongly across one-third of it.
wind than along wind. It is, therefore, A-3 STROUHAL CRITICAL VELOCITY
reasonable to continue with the current Severe Von Karman type oscillation is not
practice which implies that along wind, the

FOR INTERNAL USE AT THIS LOCATION ONLY

LICENSED TO LANCO INFRATECH LIMITED, UDUOG VIHAR, GURGAON,
likely if the calculated velocity, known as ‘the
oscillation will not cause stresses greater than critical strouhal velocity’, is greater than the
those calculated for the wind velocities as maximum design velocity based on IS 875
specified in IS 875 (Part 3) : 1987 due to static (Part 3) : 1987. The strouhal critical velocity Vcr
loading along with dynamic coefficient in m/s for a circular chimney may be calculated
proposed in this standard. from the formula:
A-1.2 Lateral oscillation due to resonance Vcr = 5 Dt × f . . . (1)
effects within the critical wind speed range at
the natural period of a cylindrical structure where
may be great enough when its effect is added f = natural frequency of the chimney
vectorially to the down wind deflection, to cause (in Hz) as obtained in 8.3.1, and
stresses higher than those calculated for the
short duration wind velocities in accordance Dt = diameter of chimney at top (in m).
with this code due to static loading along with NOTE — The formula for Vcr holds good for strouhal
the dynamic coefficient as specified in this number of 0.2. This value remains fairly constant as
standard. shown by experiments.

A-2 VON KARMAN VORTEX SHEDDING A-4 AERODYNAMIC FORCE

The regular fluctuating side force due to For checking of resonance amplitude, the
commonly known as Von Karman vortex intensity of aerodynamic force Fi ( z ) at level z,
shedding, which may be produced in a smooth for the ith mode of oscillation is determined by
air flow, will produce strong oscillation at a the formula:
velocity which gives resonance with the natural Fi ( z ) = Cyqcrdzhz i ( z ) . . . (2)
frequency of the structure. This effect is
resisted by high damping and may be where
prevented by helical strakes or other devices ( z ) = relative ordinate at level z in the
i
attached to a circular chimney. If the tendency ith mode oscillation;
is strong, it is not effectively withstood by
Cyqcrdzhz = amplitude of force intensity at the
increase of strength alone.
free end of the self-supporting
A-2.1 In a natural wind, the regular vortex chimney or at the centre of the
shedding may be interfered with by fluctuation span of guyed chimney and is equal
of the wind so that the build-up of amplitude is to Cy, qcr, dz, hz;
not continuous as in a wind tunnel, and it may
Cy = coefficient of transverse force taken
be more effectively resisted by mass and
equal to 0.25;
stiffness. There are different views as to how
the vortex shedding should be allowed for in qcr = speed thrust corresponding to
practice but it is clear that low damping, low critical velocity Vcr and is equal to
mass and large flexibility must increase the
V 2cr
probability and the amount of the oscillation of ----------- ;
chimneys. In many cases, the behaviour cannot 16
be predicted with certainty. dz = diameter of the chimney at level z
and z is in metres; and
A-2.2 Even in the worst cases, a chimney can
be made safe by applying guys or strakes at any hz = height of the zone at level z.

17
IS 6533 (Part 2) : 1989

A-4.1 For self-supporting chimney (cantilever calculated from the height of the chimney and
type structures), only the first mode of is calculated from the formula:
oscillation shall be considered. qcr (stat) = C qcr
A-5 Inertia forces, amplitude of resonance where
oscillations and dynamic bending moment at a
section under consideration of a chimney fixed C = shape factor in accordance with 8.2.3.
at foundation are determined by the following A-7 The corresponding dynamic wind load qcr
formulae: (dyn) shall be determined in accordance with
π
8.3.2 to 8.3.7 corresponding to qcr.
Fres,z = --- Fst,z . . . (3)
δ A-8 Checking for resonance is not required for
other short duration forces. The provisions for
π checking resonance will not necessarily apply
res,z = --- st,z . . . (4)
δ to pairs, files and groups of chimneys or other
π tall structure which may oscillate excessively
Μres,z = --- Μst,z . . . (5) particularly if they are closer than
δ
approximately 12 diameters. The fitting of
where stabilizers is usually beneficial but may not
Fres,z = intensity of inertia forces at always be effective. No simple rules can be

FOR INTERNAL USE AT THIS LOCATION ONLY

LICENSED TO LANCO INFRATECH LIMITED, UDUOG VIHAR, GURGAON,
resonance at level z, suggested. Study of the layout by specialists
res,z amplitude of resonance oscillation
= and wind tunnel testing may be necessary.
at level z, A-9 Chimneys which have a high
Μres,z = bending moment at resonance at diameter/thickness ratio may be subjected to
level z, wind-generated ovalling oscillation due to
Fst,z = intensity of lateral static force at circumferentially varying and fluctuating
level z, pressure. Besides causing circumferential
bending stresses, this can increase vertical
st,z = static deflection at level z (section stresses in the lower part of a chimney of large
under consideration) under the diameter. It should be avoided by providing
action of static force, sufficient circumferential stiffness around
Μst,z = bending moment at level z (section chimney at the top. Chimneys having gross
under consideration) due to the plate thickness of less than 1/300 of the
action of static force, diameter if not efficiently stiffened by a lining
= logarithmic decrement of dampen- or encasing, should have stiffened rings added
ing effect to be taken equal to: at the top (and lower down if the height is more
than 20 times the diameter). The distance
a) 0.1 for steel chimney with
between the stiffening rings should be not more
lining, and than 1 500 times the thickness of the shell and
b) 0.05 for unlined steel chimneys. should be substantial enough to give a total
A-6 Static wind-load qcr (stat) in the direction circumferential bending stiffness at least
of action of wind corresponding to critical equvalent to that of a uniform shell of thickness
pressure qcr is permitted to be taken as 1
---------- of the diameter.
constant along the height of the chimney and is 200

ANNEX B
( Clause 2.1 )
LIST OF REFERRED INDIAN STANDARDS

IS.No. Title IS.No. Title

226 : 1975 Structural steel (standard 814 Covered electrodes for metal
quality) ( fifth revision ) arc welding of structural steel:
456 : 1978 Code of practice for plain and
reinforced concrete ( third (Part 1) : 1974 For welding products other
revision ) than sheets ( fourth revision )
800 : 1984 Code of practice for general
construction in steel ( second (Part 2) : 1974 For welding sheets ( fourth
revision ) revision )

18
 IS 6533 (Part 2) : 1989

IS.No. Title IS.No. Title

816 : 1969 Code of practice for use of metal 2141 : 1979 Galvanized stay strand ( second
arc welding for general revision )
construction in mild steel ( first 2155 : 1982 Cold forged solid steel rivets for
revision ) hot closing (6 to 16 mm
875 Code of practice for design diameter) ( first revision )
loads (other than earthquake) 2266 : 1970 Steel wire ropes for general
for building structures: engineering purposes ( second
(Part 1) : 1987 Dead loads — Unit weights of revision )
building materials and stored 2309 : 1963 Code of practice for the
materials ( second revision ) protection of buildings and allied
structures against lightning
(Part 3) : 1987 Wind loads ( second revision )
( first revision )
961 : 1975 Structural steel (high tensile) 3613 : 1974 Acceptance tests for wire-flux
( second revision ) combinations for submerged arc
1030: 1982 Carbon steel castings for welding of structural steels
general engineering purposes ( first revision )

FOR INTERNAL USE AT THIS LOCATION ONLY

LICENSED TO LANCO INFRATECH LIMITED, UDUOG VIHAR, GURGAON,
( third revision ) 3640 : 1982 Hexagon fit bolts ( first revision )
1149 : 1982 High tensile steel rivet bars for 3757 . 1972 High strength structural bolts
structural purposes ( third ( second revision )
revision ) 5369 : 1975 General requirements for plain
1363 : 1984 Hexagon head bolts, screws washers and lock washers ( first
and nuts of product grade C revision )
1364 : 1983 Hexagon head bolts, screws 5370 : 1969 Plain washers with outside
and nuts of product grades A diameter 3 × inside diameter
and B 5624 : 1970 Foundation bolts
1367 Technical supply conditions for 6419 : 1971 Welding rods and bare
threaded steel fasteners: electrodes for gas shielded arc
welding of structural steel
(Part 1) : 1980 Introduction and general
information ( second revision ) 6560 : 1972 Molybdenum and chromium-
molybdenum low alloy steel
(Part 3) : 1979 Mechanical properties and test welding rods and base electrodes
methods for bolts, screws and for gas shielded arc welding
studs with full loadability
6586 : 1972 Recommended practice for metal
( second revision )
spraying for protection of iron
(Part 6) : 1980 Mechanical properties and test and steel
methods for nuts with specified 6610 : 1972 Heavy washers for steel
proof loads ( second revision ) structures
1395 : 1982 Low and medium alloy steel 6623 : 1972 High strength structural nuts
covered electrodes for manual ( first revision )
metal arc welding ( third 6639 : 1972 Hexagon bolts for steel
revision ) structures
1477 Code of practice for painting of 6649 : 1972 Hardened and tempered
ferrous metals in buildings: washers for high strength
(Part 1) : 1971 Pretreatment ( first revision ) structural bolts and nuts ( first
revision )
(Part 2) : 1971 Painting ( first revision )
1893 : 1975 Criteria for earthquake 7002 : 1972 Prevailing torque type steel
resistant design of structures hexagon locknuts
( fourth revision ) 7280 : 1974 Bare wire electrodes for
1929 : 1982 Hot forged steel rivets for hot submerged arc welding of
closing ( 12 to 36 mm ) structural steels
diameter ( first revision ) 8500 : 1977 Weldable structural steel
2062 : 1984 Weldable structural steel (medium and high strength
( third revision ) qualities)

19
IS 6533 (Part 2) : 1989

ANNEX C
( Clause 7.7.2 )
ALLOWABLE COMPRESSIVE STRESSES

C-1 COMPRESSIVE STRESSES IN THE and

SHELL
he
A = 1 if ------ < 21
C-1.1 To control buckling, the compressive D
stresses caused by the combination of extreme
fibre stress due to buckling and direct load, as and B = 270 ---t-  1–67 ---t- , if D
---- > 130
given in Table 3, are worked out by the D D t
formula: and
0 5 fy A·B D
B = 1, if ---- < 130
where t
t = thickness of plate at the level
fy = yield stress of steel; 250 MPa for steel considered, in m;
of IS 226 and 2062;

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LICENSED TO LANCO INFRATECH LIMITED, UDUOG VIHAR, GURGAON,
D = mean diameter at the level considered,
1 he in m; and
A = -----------------------------------------------------------, if ------ > 21
2 D he = effective height for the consideration of
0.84 +  0.019 -------- he
 D buckling, in m ( see Table 2 ).

20
Bureau of Indian Standards
BIS is a statutory institution established under the Bureau of Indian Standards Act, 1986 to promote
harmonious development of the activities of standardization, marking and quality certification of goods and
attending to connected matters in the country.

Copyright
BIS has the copyright of all its publications. No part of these publications may be reproduced in any form
without the prior permission in writing of BIS. This does not preclude the free use, in the course of
implementing the standard, of necessary details, such as symbols and sizes, type or grade designations.
Enquiries relating to copyright be addressed to the Director (Publications), BIS.

Review of Indian Standards

Amendments are issued to standards as the need arises on the basis of comments. Standards are also
reviewed periodically; a standard along with amendments is reaffirmed when such review indicates that no
changes are needed; if the review indicates that changes are needed, it is taken up for revision. Users of
Indian Standards should ascertain that they are in possession of the latest amendments or edition by
referring to the latest issue of ‘BIS Catalogue’ and ‘Standards : Monthly Additions’.
This Indian Standard has been developed from Doc : No. CED 7 (4721)

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LICENSED TO LANCO INFRATECH LIMITED, UDUOG VIHAR, GURGAON,
Amendments Issued Since Publication
Amend No. Date of Issue
Amd. No. 1 June 1998

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