Chapter One Understanding International Relations

Download as docx, pdf, or txt
Download as docx, pdf, or txt
You are on page 1of 18
 
ECD^\G[ AFGWFLG[U\DFLMF@ MF\G[FD\MAFDH [GHD\MAFUMftraluetmaf
Mftgrfdtmafdh rghdtmafs (M[) ms prgsgftgl mf tcg bhaw ab ldmhy fgws eafegrf d hdr`g fujkgr ab lmspdrdtg gvgfts? hgdlgrs drg jggtmf`, fg`atmdtmafs drg eafehulgl, wdrs drg stdrtgl, dets ab tgrrar eajjmttgl, dfl sa af. Mf tcms jaluhg, wg baeus af tcg kdsme prmfemphgs uflgrhymf` M[. Ua, hgt us kg`mf ky tcmfomf` km`? wcdt ms mftgrfdtmafdh rghdtmafs1, caw wds mt jdlg1, dfl caw lml mt eajg ta kg tcdt wdy1
Akigetmvgs
Dbtgr eajphgtmf` tcms ecdptgr, yau wmhh kg dkhg ta9 Lgbmfg tcg jgdfmf`s dfl fdturg ab fdtmaf, stdtgs dfl fdtmafdhmsj Lgsermkg tcg jgdfmf` dfl gvahutmaf ab Mftgrfdtmafdh [ghdtmafs Dequdmft yaursghb wmtc lmbbgrgft pgrspgetmvgs, dppradecgs dfl pdrdlm`j ab mftgrfdtmafdh rghdtmafs Mlgftmby dfl dfdhyzg tcg rahgs lmbbgrgft detars phdy usmf` tcg tcrgg hgvghs ab dfdhysms Gxdjmfg tcg strueturg ab mftgrfdtmafdh systgj dfl tcg hdws `avgrfmf` mtsapgrdtmaf
4.4. Eafegptudhmzmf` Fdtmafdhmsj, Fdtmafs dfl UtdtgsFdtmafdhmsj
 ms tcg jast mfbhugftmdh bareg mf mftgrfdtmafdh dbbdmrs. Mt ms usgl ta rgscdpg dflrgmfbareg rg`mjgs mf cmstary. Fdtmafdhmsj–s trmujpc ms tcg eajmf` ab tcg fdtmaf-stdtg ds ogydetars mf warhl pahmtmes-deegptgl ds uhtmjdtg, hg`mtmjdtg dfl tcg jast kdsme barj ab pahmtmedhgftmty. Deearlmf` ta Cgywaal (;>4<), fdtmafdhmsj ms tcg laetrmfg tcdt dssgrts tcg fdtmaf ds tcg kdsme pahmtmedh ufmt mf ar`dfmzmf` saemgty. Bar Cgywaal, fdtmafs drg cmstarmedh gftmtmgs tcdt gvahvgar`dfmedhhy aut ab jarg smjmhdr gtcfme eajjufmtmgs dfl tcgy rgvgdh tcgjsghvgs mf jytcs,hg`gfls, dfl saf`s.
4
 
D fdtmaf, mf eaftrdst ta d stdtg, eafstmtutgs d eajjufmty ab pgaphg iamfgl ky d scdrgl mlgftmty dfl ky eajjaf saemdh prdetmegs. Eajjufmtmgs ab vdrmaus omfls cdvg dhwdys gxmstgl kut tcgy faw kgedjg, bar tcg bmrst tmjg, d pahmtmedh eafegrf, dfl eajg ta ofawf ds –fdtmaf-stdtg”. Ds d fgw krggl ab fdtmafdhmst hgdlgrs edjg ta dr`ug, tcg fdtmaf scauhl tdog avgr tcg stdtg dfl jdog usg ab mts mfstmtutmafdh strueturgs ta burtcgr tcg fdtmaf–s gfls. \cg fdtmaf dllgl df mftgrmar hmbg ta tcgstdtg? tcg fdtmaf wds d sauh dllgl ta tcg kaly ab tcg gdrhy jalgrf stdtg jdecmfgry. \cgrgvahutmafs tcdt taao phdeg mf Krmtdmf–s Fartc Djgrmedf eahafmgs mf 4002, dfl mf Brdfeg mf 403=, pravmlgl jalghs bar atcgr fdtmafdhmsts ta bahhaw. Fdtmafdhmsj mf tcg bmrst pdrt ab tcg fmfgtggftc egftury wds d hmkgrdh sgftmjgft eafegrfmf` sghb-lgtgrjmfdtmaf ― tcg rm`ct ab d pgaphg ta lgtgrjmfg mts awf bdtg. \cms pra`rdjjg cdl bdr-rgdecmf`mjphmedtmafs bar tcg wdy pahmtmes wds ar`dfmzgl lajgstmedhhy, kut mt dhsa cdl prabauflrdjmbmedtmafs bar mftgrfdtmafdh pahmtmes. Jast akvmaushy, tcg mlgd ab sghb-lgtgrjmfdtmafuflgrjmfgl tcg pahmtmedh hg`mtmjdey ab Gurapg–s gjpmrgs. Mf 43<3, tcg praspget sghb-lgtgrjmfdtmaf sggjgl ta kgeajg d rgdhmty ds fdtmafdhmst uprmsmf`squmeohy sprgdl derass tcg eaftmfgft. Gvgrywcgrg tcg pgaphg lgjdflgl tcg rm`ct ta ruhgtcgjsghvgs. ]gt mt wds afhy wmtc tcg eafehusmaf ab tcg Bmrst Parhl Pdr mf 4=43 tcdt sghb-lgtgrjmfdtmaf wds deofawhgl`gl ds d rm`ct. Dbtgr tcg Bmrst Parhl Pdr jast pgaphg mf Gurapgbarjgl tcgmr awf fdtmaf-stdtgs.Ds d rgsuht ab tcg fdtmafdhmst rgvahutmafs, tcg Gurapgdf mftgrfdtmafdh systgj kgedjg bar tcg bmrsttmjg truhy –mftgr-fdtmafdh”. \cdt ms, wcmhg tcg Pgstpcdhmdf systgj eafegrfgl rghdtmafs kgtwggfstdtgs, warhl dbbdmrs mf tcg fmfgtggftc egftury mfergdsmf`hy edjg ta eafegrf rghdtmafs kgtwggffdtmaf-stdtgs. Mf jast rgspgets, cawgvgr, tcg mftgr-fdtmafdh systgj eaftmfugl ta apgrdtg mf juectcg sdjg bdscmaf ds tcg Pgstpcdhmdf mftgr-stdtg systgj. Fdtmaf-stdtgs ehdmjgl tcg sdjg rm`ct tasavgrgm`fty.Mf mftgrfdtmafdh pahmtmes, fgvgrtcghgss, tcg mjphmedtmaf ab fdtmafdhmsj dfl mts gssgfeg ms cm`chyqugstmafgl. Gspgemdhhy mf tcg eaftgjpardry pgrmal, fdtmaf stdtgs drg put uflgr prgssurg dfl tcgmr rahg mf warhl pahmtmes ms sm`fmbmedfthy ecdhhgf`gl. Cawgvgr, wmtc tcg past-eahl wdr, d rgvmvdh ab fdtmafdhmsj ms cdppgfmf` derass tcg warhl wmtc tcg past-eahl wdr dssgrtmafs ab rghm`maf, euhturgdfl gtcfmemty ds patgft baregs mf warhl pahmtmes.
;
5
 
4.;. Wflgrstdflmf` Mftgrfdtmafdh [ghdtmafs
Afg eruemdh bgdturg ab tcg warhl mf wcmec wg hmvg ms mts mftgreaffgetglfgss ― `ga`rdpcmedhhy,mftghhgetudhhy dfl saemdhhy dfl tcus wg fggl ta uflgrstdfl mt. Arm`mfdhhy, tcg stuly ab mftgrfdtmafdh rghdtmafs wds sggf hdr`ghy ds d krdfec ab tcg stuly ab hdw, pcmhasapcy ar cmstary.Cawgvgr, `mvgf tcg lmvgrsg arm`mfs ab M[, tcgrg ms fa afg deegptgl wdy ab lgbmfmf` ar uflgrstdflmf` mftgrfdtmafdh rghdtmafs. Dfy dttgjpt ta lgbmfg tcg bmghl ab mftgrfdtmafdh rghdtmafs ms kaufl ta kg sajgwcdt drkmtrdry.\aldy, mftgrfdtmafdh rghdtmafs eauhl kg usgl ta lgsermkg d rdf`g ab mftgrdetmafs kgtwggf pgaphg,`raups, bmrjs, dssaemdtmafs, pdrtmgs, fdtmafs ar stdtgs ar kgtwggf tcgsg dfl (faf) `avgrfjgftdhmftgrfdtmafdh ar`dfmzdtmafs. \cgsg mftgrdetmafs usudhhy tdog phdeg kgtwggf gftmtmgs tcdt gxmst mflmbbgrgft pdrts ab tcg warhl ― mf lmbbgrgft tgrrmtarmgs, fdtmafs ar stdtgs. Jarg akvmaushy, gvgftssuec ds mftgrfdtmafdh eafbhmet, mftgrfdtmafdh eafbgrgfegs af `hakdh wdrjmf` dfl mftgrfdtmafdhermjg phdy d bufldjgftdh pdrt mf tcg stuly ab mftgrfdtmafdh rghdtmafs.  Fa mflmvmludh, pgaphg, fdtmaf ar stdtg edf gxmst mf sphgflml msahdtmaf ar kg jdstgr ab mts awf bdtg? kut fafg, fa jdttgr caw pawgrbuh mf jmhmtdry, lmphajdtme ar geafajme emrehgs, gvgf d `mdftsupgrpawgr, edf eajpgh gvgryafg ta la mts kmllmf`. Gvgry pgaphg, fdtmaf ar stdtg ms d jmfarmty mfd warhl tcdt ms
dfdrecme
, tcdt ms, tcgrg ms df dksgfeg ab d eajjaf savgrgm`f avgr tcgj. \cgrg ms pahmtmes djaf` gftmtmgs tcdt cdvg fa ruhgr dfl mf tcg dksgfeg ab dfy ruhgr tcdt warhl ms phurdhmstmedfl lmvgrsg. Af tcg atcgr cdfl, tcgrg drg hg`dh, pahmtmedh dfl saemdh lmbbgrgfegs kgtwggf lajgstme dflmftgrfdtmafdh pahmtmes. Lajgstme hdw ms `gfgrdhhy akgygl, dfl mb fat, tcg pahmeg dfl eaurts gfbaregsdfetmafs. Mftgrfdtmafdh hdw rgsts af eajpgtmf` hg`dh systgjs, dfl tcgrg ms fa eajjafgfbaregjgft. Lajgstmedhhy d `avgrfjgft cds d jafapahy af tcg hg`mtmjdtg usg ab bareg. Mfmftgrfdtmafdh pahmtmes fa afg cds d jafapahy ab bareg, dfl tcgrgbarg mftgrfdtmafdh pahmtmes cdsabtgf kggf mftgrprgtgl ds tcg rgdhj ab sghb-cghp. Mt ms dhsa deegptgl tcdt sajg stdtgs drg straf`gr tcdf atcgrs. Kdsgl af uflgrhymf` sgfsg ab eajjufmty ― mf mftgrfdtmafdh pahmtmes, lmvmlgl pgaphgsla fat scdrg tcg sdjg haydhtmgs ― pgaphg lmsd`rgg dkaut wcdt sggjs iust dfl hg`mtmjdtg? arlgr dfl iustmeg. Utulymf` mftgrfdtmafdh rghdtmafs, tcgrgbarg, pravmlgs tcg fgegssdry taahs ta dfdhyzg gvgfts,
5
5
 
dfl ta `dmf d lggpgr eajprgcgfsmaf ab sajg ab tcg prakhgjs tcdt pahmey-jdogrs eafbraft dfl tauflgrstdfl tcg rgdsafmf` kgcmfl tcgmr detmafs.Uecahdrs dfl prdetmtmafgrs mf mftgrfdtmafdh rghdtmafs usg eafegpts dfl tcgarmgs ta jdog tcgmr stulyjarg jdfd`gdkhg. Cakkgs, wrmtmf` mf 4274, mftgrprgtgl tcg stdtg ab saemgty ta kg9 –eaftmfudh bgdr,dfl ldf`gr ab vmahgft lgdtc? dfl tcg hmbg ab jdf, sahmtdry, paar, fdsty, krutmsc, dfl scart–. I.Haeog taao d jarg aptmjmstme vmgw dfl su``gstgl tcdt saemdkmhmty wds tcg straf`gst kafl kgtwggfjgf ―jgf wgrg gqudh, saemdkhg dfl brgg? kut tcgy wgrg fat hmegftmaus kgedusg tcgy wgrg`avgrfgl ky tcg hdws ab fdturg. Cg wds ehgdr tcdt fdturg lml fat drj jdf d`dmfst jdf, dfl tcdtsajg lg`rgg ab saemgty wds passmkhg gvgf mf tcg stdtg prgeglmf` `avgrfjgft. Mftgrfdtmafdh pahmtmes mfvahvgs tcg lghmedtg dliustjgft ab pawgr ta pawgr. Mb pcysmedh bareg wgrgta kg usgl ta rgsahvg gvgry lmsd`rggjgft tcgrg wauhl rgsuht df mftahgrdkhg gxmstgfeg bar tcgwarhl–s papuhdtmaf. Mf arlgr ta rgsahvg tcgsg lmsd`rggjgfts mt ms fgegssdry tcdt stdtgs dflmftgrfdtmafdh ar`dfmzdtmafs edf eajg up wmtc d wdy ab rgsahvmf` lmbbgrgfegs. Dhtcau`c suecmlgdhs cdvg kggf lmbbmeuht ta gstdkhmsc derass tcg kadrl mt cds kgeajg tcg edsg tcdt tcgrg drg faf-vmahgft aptmafs dvdmhdkhg ta stdtgs.Mftgrfdtmafdh pahmtmes ms dhsa dkaut jdmftdmfmf` mftgrfdtmafdh arlgr. Kut tcdt arlgr cds ta kgjdmftdmfgl mf df dfdrecmedh warhl. \cg drgfd ab mftgrfdtmafdh rghdtmafs dfl pahmtmes sggjs ta kgeaftmfudhhy gxpdflmf` wmtc tcg juhtmphmedtmaf ab mflgpgflgft stdtgs. Pcgf tcg Wfmtgl FdtmafsEcdrtgr wds sm`fgl mf Aetakgr 4=<7, 74 stdtgs sm`fgl mt. Mf tcg bmrst lgedlg ab twgfty-bmrst egfturytcg WF `rgw kgtwggf 43= dfl 4=; jgjkgr stdtgs. \cgrg cds dhsa kggf tcg eaftmfumf` `rawtc ab `avgrfjgftdh dfl mftgrfdtmafdh sgrvmegs. Mftgrfdtmafdh rghdtmafs dfl pahmtmes drg fgegssdry bar dhhstdtgs, kut pahmtmedh pawgr ms fat egftrdhmzgl dfl ufgqudh. \cdt ms wcy pawgr, eagremaf dfl kdr`dmfmf` stmhh cahl swdy.
4.5. \cg Fdturg dfl Gvahutmaf ab Mftgrfdtmafdh [ghdtmafs
Mf jglmgvdh Gurapg tcgrg wgrg twa mfstmtutmafs wmtc prgtgfsmafs ta pawgr avgr tcg eaftmfgft ds dwcahg ― tcg (Edtcahme)
Ecurec
 dfl tcg
Gjpmrg
. \cg
Ecurec
 wds tcg spmrmtudh dutcarmty, wmtc mtsegftrg mf [ajg dfl mt aeeupmgl d eruemdh rahg mf tcg euhturdh dfl mftghhgetudh hmbg ab tcg jmllhgD`gs.
<
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5

Reward Your Curiosity

Everything you want to read.
Anytime. Anywhere. Any device.
No Commitment. Cancel anytime.
576648e32a3d8b82ca71961b7a986505