Nursing Care To Promote Fetal Maternal Health

Maternal and Child Health Nursing (NCM 65):
NURSING CARE TO PROMOTE

FETAL AND MATERNAL HEALTH
Ms. Grace Bautista | Sept. 16, 2021
OUTLINE II. MINOR BODY CHANGES OF PREGNANCY: 1ST TRIMESTER

I. Self-Care Needs During Pregnancy • Assessing a woman for minor body changes of pregnancy:
II. Minor Body Changes Of Pregnancy: 1st Trimester
III. Assessing 2nd And 3rd Trimester Discomforts
IV. Preventing Fetal Exposure to Teratogens
A. Assessing Exposure to Teratogens
V. Nursing Diagnoses: Healthy Pregnancy
VI. Nursing Outcomes: Healthy Pregnancy
VII. Nursing Care To Promote Healthy Behavioral Practices
I. SELF-CARE NEEDS DURING PREGNANCY

• Bathing
o Daily tub baths or showers
o Do not ask for long periods in extremely hot water
o Change to showering or sponge bathing if indicated
• Breast care
o As size increases, wear firm, supportive bra
o When colostrum begins, wash with clear water and
dry
• Dental care
o Maintain good oral health
o Poor oral hygiene is seen to be associated with
preterm birth
• Perineal hygiene
o Maintain good hygiene
o Douching contraindicated
• Clothing
o Avoid garments that impede lower extremity
circulation
o Moderate-to-low heeled shoes recommend
• Sexual activity
o May continue as long as woman is comfortable
• Exercise
o Can continue but intensity depends on baseline • Technique to relieve a leg cramp:
fitness
o Continue sports participation unless it involves body
contact
• Sleep
o If trouble falling asleep, drink glass of warm milk
o Try relaxation exercises
o Sleep in left-sided Sims position
• Employment
o May continue unless it involves exposure to toxic
substances, lifting heavy objects, other kinds of
excessive physical strain, long periods of standing
or sitting, or having to maintain body balance
o If unable to continue, protected from loss of
employment benefits by federal law
• Travel
o No restriction except when vaccine is required
o Investigate location/s of nearby health facility of the • Position to relieve varicosities:
travel destination
o If long travel time, take frequent rest and stress
breaks
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• Knee-Chest positions to prevent hemorrhoids:
• Live virus vaccines
• Alcohol
• Herbs
• Tobacco
• Environment
• Metal and chemical hazards
• Radiation
• Hyperthermia and hypothermia
• Maternal stress
III. ASSESSING 2ND AND 3RD TRIMESTER DISCOMFORTS

• Muscular/skeletal discomforts (backache)
• Headache
• Dyspnea
• Ankle edema
• Braxton Hicks contractions V. NURSING DIAGNOSES: HEALTHY PREGNANCY

• Health-seeking behaviors r/t interest in maintaining optimal
health during pregnancy
IV. PREVENTING FETAL EXPOSURE TO TERATOGENS • Anxiety r/t minor body changes of pregnancy
• TERATOGEN • Risk for deficient fluid volume r/t gestational nausea and
1. Any factor, chemical or physical, that adversely vomiting
affects the fertilized ovum, embryo, or fetus • Disturbed body image r/t changes in appearance with
2. A fetus is extremely vulnerable to environmental pregnancy
injury, specifically at the beginning or early weeks of • Risk for altered sexuality patterns r/t fear of harming fetus
pregnancy during pregnancy
3. Although the causes of many anomalies occurring • Disturbed sleep pattern r/t frequent need to empty bladder
in utero are still unknown, many specific teratogenic during night
factors have been isolated • Risk for fetal injury r/t intimate partner violence
A. ASSESSING EXPOSURE TO TERATOGENS VI. NURSING OUTCOMES: HEALTHY PREGNANCY

• Maternal infections that affect fetus: • Set realistic goals and short-term goals
1. Malaria • Teaching
• Direct application
2. Rubella (German measles)
3. Toxoplasmosis
4. Herpes simplex virus (HSV)
5. Cytomegalovirus
6. Syphilis
• Infections that cause illness at birth
1. Gonorrhea
2. Candidiasis
3. Chlamydia
4. Streptococcus B
5. Hepatitis B

VII. NURSING CARE TO PROMOTE HEALTHY BEHAVIORAL
PRACTICES
1.
5.
2.
3. Implementation
o Pregnancy education
o Role modelling
4. Outcome evaluation
o Are identified goals being met?

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Maternal and Child Health Nursing (NCM 65):

NURSING CARE TO PROMOTE

OUTLINE II. MINOR BODY CHANGES OF PREGNANCY: 1ST TRIMESTER

I. SELF-CARE NEEDS DURING PREGNANCY

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• Metal and chemical hazards

• Hyperthermia and hypothermia

III. ASSESSING 2ND AND 3RD TRIMESTER DISCOMFORTS

• Braxton Hicks contractions V. NURSING DIAGNOSES: HEALTHY PREGNANCY

A. ASSESSING EXPOSURE TO TERATOGENS VI. NURSING OUTCOMES: HEALTHY PREGNANCY

4. Herpes simplex virus (HSV)

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