Grade 8 Activity Sheets Quarter 1 Week 1-2
Grade 8 Activity Sheets Quarter 1 Week 1-2
Grade 8 Activity Sheets Quarter 1 Week 1-2
Activity Sheets
Quarter 1 Week 1-2
1
Name:
Grade/Section:
Date: _______________ Total Score: 0
Concept:
There are several ways of factoring polynomials. The first and basic
factoring technique is factoring polynomials with a common monomial factor.
Recall the use of the distributive property to find the product of a
polynomial and a monomial. This is also used to factor polynomials with a
common monomial factor.
In this lesson basic knowledge on GCF is very much useful.
Illustrative Examples:
A. Factor 5x + 10.
Solution:
First, find the GCF of 5x and 10 using prime factorization.
5x = 5 x
10 = 5 2
5 = 5
The GCF is 5.
Next, write each term as the product of the GCF and its other
factor.
5x + 10 = 5 (x) + 5 (2)
2
Then, apply the distributive property.
5x + 10 = 5 (x) + 5 (2)
= 5 (x + 2)
12x = 2 2 3 x
2 2 x = 4x
Next, write each term as the product of the GCF and its other factor.
8x2 + 12x = 4x (2x) + 4x (3)
Then, apply the distributive property.
8x2 + 12x = 4x (2x) + 4x (3)
= 4x (2x + 3)
Factor 6a + 8a2b – 14a3b2.
Solution:
6a = 2 3 a
8a2b = 2 2 2 a a b
14a3b2 = 2 7 a a a b b
2 a = 2a
3
6a + 8a2b – 14a3b2 = 2a (3) + 2a (4ab) – 2a (7a2b2)
= 4x (3 + 4ab – 7a2b2)
1. 4x + 2y = ______ (2x + y)
2. 6a – 3b = 3 ( ______ – b)
1. xy + xz = 11. 14p2 + 21 =
4
Reference:
Bernabe, J. G. (2009). High School Mathematics Revised Edition Elementary
Algebra. Quezon City, Philippines: SD Publications, Inc.
5
Name:
Grade/Section:
Date: _______________ Total Score: 0
Concept:
The Difference of Two Squares (DOTS) is the product of the Sum and the
Difference of Two Terms.
Recall that: (A – B) (A + B) = A2 – B2 ,
where: (A – B) (A + B) are the factors (Sum and Difference of Two
Terms)
1. Extract the square root of the first term. This becomes the
first term of the factors.
2. Extract the square root of the last term. This becomes the
last terms of the factors.
3. Express these square roots as the sum and the difference of
two terms.
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Illustrative Examples:
A. Factor x2 - 49.
Solution:
Therefore, x2 – 49 = (x + 7) (x – 7)
Solution:
Step 1: √9𝑎 = 3a
Step 2: √25𝑏 = 5b
Solution:
Step 2: 64𝑦 = 8y
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Activity 1. Fill in the blanks.
1. n2 – p2 = ( ______ - p) (n + ______ )
2. e2 – x2 = ( e – x ) ( ______ + ______ )
3. b2 – 49 = ( ______ - 7) ( ______ + 7)
4. x2 – 36 = (x - ______ ) (x + ______ )
6. y2 – 9 =
7. x2 – 64 =
8. m2 – 121 =
9. x2 – 4 =
10. a2 – 16 =
11. 25h2 – 36 =
12. 100r2 – 49 =
13. 9w2 – 81 =
15. 4z2 – 1 =
8
Activity 3. From the given expressions, pair up two perfect squares in
order to form a Difference of Two Squares. Write the DoTS and their
m6n2 50 81 144b2 9y
=
1.
=
2.
=
3.
Reference:
Bernabe, J. G. (2009). High School Mathematics Revised Edition Elementary
Algebra. Quezon City, Philippines: SD Publications, Inc.
9
Name:
Grade/Section:
Date: _______________ Total Score: 0
Concept:
Case 1: The polynomial expression a3 + b3 is called the Sum of Two
a3 + b3 = (a + b) (a2 – ab + b2)
a3 – b3 = (a – b) (a2 + ab + b2)
where: a = √a while b = √b
Notice that the sign of the first factor (called binomial factor)
follows the sign of the given expression; while the first sign of
To help you remember the formula, let us use the mnemonic SOAP:
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a3 ± b3 = (a [Same sign] b) (a2 [Opposite sign] ab [Always Positive sign] b2)
Illustrative Examples:
A. Factor x3 + 8.
Solution:
+ b2)
x3 + 8 √x = x ; √8 = 2
x3 + 8 = ( x + 2 ) ( x2 – 2x + 4 )
Solution:
Solution:
+ ab + b2)
8p3 – 27 8p = 2p ; √27 = 3
8p3 – 27 = ( 2p – 3 ) ( 4p2 + 6p + 9 )
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D. Factor 64h3 – k3.
Solution:
64h3 – k3 √64h = 4h ; √k = k
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Activity 1: Determine if the given expression is: i) Sum of Two Cubes; ii)
Difference of Two Cubes, or iii) neither.
_________________________ 1. m3 + 64
_________________________ 2. x3 – 16
_________________________ 3. 27r3 – 8
_________________________ 4. x3y3 + 1
_________________________ 5. 2x3 – y3
Copy and answer the activity in a sheet of paper, then take a photo and
upload it here.
1. 1 + 8p3 =
2. h3 – k3 =
13
Reference:
Bernabe, J. G. (2009). High School Mathematics Revised Edition Elementary
Algebra. Quezon City, Philippines: SD Publications, Inc.
https://www.chilimath.com/lessons/intermediate-algebra/factoring-sum-
and-difference-of-two-cubes/
https://www.purplemath.com/modules/specfact2.htm
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Name:
Grade/Section:
Date: _______________ Total Score: 0
Concept:
Perfect Square Trinomial (PST) is a polynomial in the form of a2 + 2ab + b2
that can be factored into a square of a binomial, (a + b )2.
Characteristics of a Perfect Square Trinomial:
1. First term is a perfect square.
2. Last term is a perfect square and its sign is always positive (+).
3. Middle term is twice the product of the square roots of the first and
the last terms.
Recall the patterns for the special product:
Square of the sum of two terms: (a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2
Square of the difference of two terms: (a – b)2 = a2 – 2ab + b2
If we reverse the patterns, we get the factors of Perfect Square Trinomials.
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Step 4: Express the roots as a Square of a Binomial.
Illustrative Examples:
A. Factor x2 + 6x + 9.
Solution:
i) Check whether the expression is a Perfect Square Trinomial.
• Characteristic #1: First term is a perfect square.
x2 + 6x + 9
• Characteristic #2: Last term is a perfect square with positive
sign.
x2 + 6x + 9
• Characteristic #3: Middle term is twice the product of the roots
of the first and the last terms. x2 + 6x + 9
√𝑥 + 6 √9
X 3
2(x)(3) = 6x
Therefore, x2 + 6x + 9 is a perfect square trinomial.
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B. Factor y2 – 8y + 16.
Solution:
i) Check whether the expression is a Perfect Square Trinomial.
• Characteristic #1: First term is a perfect square. y2 – 8y + 16
• Characteristic #2: Last term is a perfect square with positive sign.
y2 – 8y + 16
• Characteristic #3: Middle term is twice the product of the roots of
the first and the last terms. y2 – 8y + 16
𝑦 + 6 √16
y 4
2(y)(4) = 8y
Therefore, y2 – 8y + 16 is a perfect square trinomial.
Therefore, y2 – 8y + 16 = (y – 4)2
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D. Factor 81x2 – 36xy + y2.
Solution:
i) 81x2 – 36xy + y2 has the characteristics of a perfect square
trinomial.
ii) √81𝑥 – 36xy + 𝑦
9x
Therefore, 81x2 – 36xy + y2 = (9x – y)2.
– y
Activity 1: From the pool of expressions below, write the perfect square trinomials in the box
labelled PST. Otherwise, write them in the box labelled Not PST.
Copy and answer the activity in a sheet of paper, then take a photo and upload it here.
m2 + 16m + 64 x2 – 2x + 1 r2 – 8r + 9
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Activity 2: Find the middle term of the following perfect square trinomials.
Write your answers on the blanks.
1. 100n2 + __________ + 9
2. x2 – ___________ + 25y2
3. 9z2 + ___________ + 16
4. 4p2 – ____________ + 1
5. 16x2 + ___________ + 81
1. b2 + 14b + 49 =
2. h2 – 16h + 64 =
4. 9w2 – 12w + 4 =
5. 36y2 + 60y + 25 =
Reference:
Bernabe, J. G. (2009). High School Mathematics Revised Edition Elementary
Algebra. Quezon City, Philippines: SD Publications, Inc.
19
Name:
Grade/Section:
Date: _______________ Total Score: 0
Concept:
20
To factor quadratic trinomial where a = 1, we follow these steps.
ii) List all the possible factors of c. (c is the last term or the constant.)
iii) Select the factors whose sum is equal to b. (b is the coefficient of the
middle term.)
iv) Pair each factor to the variable of the first term and express them as
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Illustrative Examples:
A. Factor x2 + 8x + 12.
Factors of 12 are: (+1) and (+12) (+2) and (+6) (+3) and (+4)
iv.) Pair each factor to the variable of the first term and express them as
product of two binomials.
(x + 2) (x + 6) Therefore, x2 + 8x + 12 = (x + 2) (x + 6)
B. Factor y2 – 5y + 6.
i.) a=1
ii.) c=6 Factors of 6 are: (1) and (6), (2) and (3),
iv.) (y – 2) (y – 3)
Therefore, y2 – 5y + 6 = (y – 2) (y – 3)
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C. Factor m2 + 2m - 15.
i.) a=1
ii.) c = -15 Factors of -15 are: (1) and (-15) (3) and (-5)
iv.) (m – 3) (m + 5)
Therefore, m2 + 2m – 15 = (m – 3) (m + 5)
23
Activity 1: Find the other factor of each expression below, inside the box and write it on the
1. x2 + 12x + 32 = ( x + 8 ) ( )
2. x2 – 10x + 16 = ( x – 2 ) ( )
3. x2 + 3x – 4 = (x+4)( )
4. x2 – 2x – 35 = (x–7)( )
5. x2 + 9x + 18 = ( x + 6) ( )
6. x2 – 11x + 28 = ( x – 4 ) ( )
Activity 2: Factor the following expressions. Write your answers in the box.
1. x2 + 9x + 14 =
2. y2 – 7y + 10 =
3. m2 + m – 20 =
4. z2 - 3z – 18 =
5. a2 – 15a + 36 =
Reference:
Bernabe, J. G. (2009). High School Mathematics Revised Edition Elementary
Algebra. Quezon City, Philippines: SD Publications, Inc.
24
Name:
Grade/Section:
Date: _______________ Total Score: 0
Concept:
Remember that the second type of quadratic trinomial of the
form ax2 + bx + c, is when a ≠ 1. Examples are: 3x2 + 8x + 6
and 2x2 – 3x – 1. Notice that the coefficient of x2 is not equal to 1.
To factor quadratic trinomials in this form, we follow the steps.
1. Check the value of a if it is not equal to 1.
2. Multiply the first term and last term.
3. List down the possible factors of the product obtained from
Step 2.
4. Select the factors that will give the sum as b. (b is the
coefficient of the middle term of the given expression.
5. Rewrite the given expression by replacing the middle term with
the factors in Step 3.
6. Group the new expression as the sum of two binomials.
7. Factor out the Common Monomial Factor (CMF) of each
binomial.
8. Factor out the Common Binomial Factor obtained from Step
25
Illustrative Examples:
A. Factor 4x2 + 11x + 6.
Step 1. a≠1 a=4
Step 5. Rewrite the given expression by replacing the middle term with
the factors in step 3.
4x2 + 11x + 6 4x2 + 3x + 8x + 6
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B. Factor 2x2 – 5x + 3.
Steps: Solution:
27
C. Factor 3x2 – 4x – 4.
Solution:
a≠1
(3x2 ) (– 4) = –12x2
-12x2 : (x)(-12x) (2x)(-6x) (3x)(-4x)
(-x)(12x) (-2x)(6x) (-3x)(4x)
2x + (-6x) = -4x (middle term)
3x2 – 4x – 4 = 3x2 + 2x – 6x – 4
= (3x2 + 2x) + ( – 6x – 4)
= x(3x + 2) – 2(3x + 2)
3x2 – 4x – 4 = (3x + 2) (x – 2)
= _____ (x + 1) + 6 (x + _____)
= (x + _____) (_____ + 6)
= 3x ( x - ______ ) – 4 (______ - 1)
= 5x(______ + 3) - ______ (x + 3)
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Activity 2: Matching Type. Match the factors of each given expression by
Column A Column B
2. 2x2 – 15x + 7 = (x – 7) ● ● (x – 1)
3. 5x2 + 9x – 2 = (x + 2) ● ● (2x + 1)
Activity 3: Factor the following expressions. Write your answer in the box.
1. 2y2 + 9y + 9 =
2. 2m2 – 7m + 6 =
Reference:
Bernabe, J. G. (2009). High School Mathematics Revised Edition Elementary
Algebra. Quezon City, Philippines: SD Publications, Inc.
29
Name:
Grade/Section:
Date: _______________ Total Score:
Concept:
Word problems are important in learning mathematics. These will help
develop one’s reasoning and thinking power which are very useful in daily
living.
Some problems involving factors of polynomials occur in dealing with
basic understanding on verbal phrases or sentences which are to be
translated into mathematical sentences or algebraic expressions and
equations.
Here are suggested tips in solving word problems:
a. Variable/s to be Used: Assign a variable/s to represent the
unknown in the problem.
b. Given Facts: List down mathematical phrases/sentences given
in the problem.
c. Required: Identify what is being asked in the problem.
d. Equation: Construct an equation that will be used to solve the
problem.
e. Solution: Solve or simplify the equation to get what is required
in the problem.
f. Final Answer: Give the final answer.
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Illustrative Examples:
A. The product of two consecutive numbers is 30. Find the numbers.
Solution:
a. Variables to be used.
Let : x = the first number
x+1 = the second number
b. Given facts.
• Two consecutive numbers
• Product is 30.
c. Required:
• Find the numbers.
d. Equation:
x(x + 1) = 30 Since the product is given, apply
multiplication of two unknown numbers .
e. Solution:
x2 + x = 30 Distributive Property of Equality (x) to (x + 1)
x2 + x – 30 = 0 Subtraction Property of Equality
(x + 6) (x – 5) = 0 Factors of Quadratic Trinomial
f. Final Answer:
The two consecutive numbers are 5 and 6 or -5 and -6.
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B. The length of a rectangle is 2 more than its width. Its area is 15 sq.cm.
Find the width of the rectangle.
Solution:
a. Variable to be Used:
• L = length
• W = width
• A = area of the rectangle
b. Given Facts:
• Length is 2 more than its width
• Area is 15 sq. cm.
c. Required:
• Width of the rectangle
d. Equation:
L=w+2
A=L•W Formula for the area of a rectangle.
e. Solution:
A =L•W Formula for the Area of a rectangle
15 = (w + 2) (w) Substitution Method
15 = w2 + 2w Distributive Property of Equality
0 = w2 + 2w – 15 Subtraction Property of Equality
w2 + 2w – 15 = 0 Symmetric Property of Equality
(w + 5)(w – 3) = 0 Factors of Quadratic Trinomial
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Activity 1: Matching Type. Match column A to column B. Draw a line to
connect the box of the given mathematical phrase/sentence to its
corresponding mathematical expression/ equation.
Column A Column B
1. the product of two numbers h = 34 cm
2. two consecutive numbers W=L–5
3. 3 more than a number (x)(y)
4. a number (x)(x+1) = 12
5. square of a number x2
6. 4 less than the square of a
A = 26 sq. m.
number
7. Width is 5 less than its
x
length.
8. Height is 34 cm. x+3
10.ciThe product of
two consecutive numbers is x2 – 4
12.
a. Variable/s to be Used
b. Given Facts
c. Required
d. Equation
e. Solution
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Upload the photo of your answer here.
Reference:
Bernabe, J. G. (2009). High School Mathematics Revised Edition Elementary
Algebra. Quezon City, Philippines: SD Publications, Inc.
34