UNIT-3: Introduction To Parallel Database and I/O Parallelism
UNIT-3: Introduction To Parallel Database and I/O Parallelism
UNIT-3: Introduction To Parallel Database and I/O Parallelism
• Performance Improvement
• By connecting multiple resources like CPU and disks in parallel we can significantly increase the performance of the system.
• High availability –
• In the parallel database, nodes have less contact with each other, so the failure of one node doesn’t cause for failure of the entire system.
This amounts to significantly higher database availability.
• Proper resource utilization –
• Due to parallel execution, the CPU will never be ideal. Thus, proper utilization of resources is there.
• Increase Reliability –
• When one site fails, the execution can continue with another available site which is having a copy of data. Making the system more
reliable.
Speedup
• The ability to execute the tasks in less time by increasing the number of resources is called Speedup.
3. Data manager – It provides all the low level functions needed to run
compiled queries in parallel i.e., database operator execution, parallel
transaction support, cache management, etc.
If the request manager is able to compile dataflow control, then
synchronization and communication among data manager modules is
possible. Otherwise, transaction control and synchronization must be done
by a request manager module.
General Architecture of a Parallel Database system
Query Parallelism
Query Parallelism
Forms of Query Parallelism
Interquery Parallelism
Interquery Parallelism
• Queries/transactions execute in parallel with one another
• Increase transaction throughput, used primarily to scale up a transaction
processing system to support a larger number of transactions per second.
• Easiest form of parallelism to support, particularly in a shared memory parallel
database, because even sequential database system support concurrent
processing.
Intraquery Parallelism
Intraquery Parallelism
A = 100
A:=100-50
A=50
B = 50
B:=50+50
B=100 A = 50
Temp:= 50 * 0.1 = 5
A:=50 - 5
A=45
B = 100
B:=100+5
B=105
Schedule - 2
A = 100
temp:= 100 * 0.1 = 10
A:=100-10
A=90
B = 50
B:=50+10
B=60
A = 90
A:=90-50
A=40
B = 60
B:=60+50
B=110
Schedule - 3
A = 100
A:=100-50
A=50
A = 50
Temp:= 50 * 0.1 = 5
A:=50-5
A=45
B = 50
B:=50+50
B=100
B = 100
B:=100+5
B=105
Schedule - 4
A = 100
A:=100-50
A = 100
Temp:= 100 * 0.1 = 10
A:=100-10
A=90
A = 90
B=50
B:=50+50
B=100