DISASTER READINESS AND RISK REDUCTION MANAGEMENT

(DRRM)

FIRST QUARTER
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Module 5

The ABC’s of HAZARDS

By
EASTER B. BORALLO
Horacio Dela Costa High School

Most Essential Learning Competency: Define and cite

examples of the types of hazards (DRR11/12-Ie-16);

and Explain the impact of various hazards on people

and the environment (DRR11/12-Ie-16)

To the Learners

Before browsing on this module, I want you to set aside all the tasks that may hinder
your attention on learning the lessons in this module. Please read first the instructions below to
keep you guided in using this kit. Enjoy Learning!

1. Read and understand carefully the instructions on each activity of this kit.
2. Understand the lessons and explanations found inside to help you in answering
the various activities in this module.
3. Takedown notes in your science notebook all important concepts you need to
remember and recall.
4. Perform all the given activities provided in this module and write it in your science
notebook. Do not leave any activities unfinished.
5. Don’t hesitate to ask your guardian or teacher for assistance or clarifications in
the content of the module.
6. Answer the posttest found at the end of this module and recall what you have
learned in the lesson.
7. Be confident. Don’t be afraid to try. Have fun while learning new concepts in
Science.

Expectations

At the end of this module, you are expected to define and cite examples of the
types of hazards; and explain the impact of various hazards on people and the environment.

Specifically, you will learn in this module the following:

 Acquire knowledge on basic concepts of hazards and its types;

 Be aware of the impact of hazards on people and environment; and
 Collaborate with people on the prevention of hazards.

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PreTest
Picture Equation

Direction: Combine the picture in order to find the word that correspond to the
description below. Write your answer in the provided box at the right
side.

1. A hydrometeorological hazard which is describe as an excessively hot

weather in a given period.
Heatwave

2. A geological hazard that happens when a mass of rock and soil falls from the
slope of mountain and cliff.

Landslide

3. A biological hazard that happens when a person eats contaminated food or toxins.

Food poisoning

4. A chemical hazard that is describe as the release of liquid petroleum from

the marine ecosystem
Oil spill

5. An accident related hazard that talks about a person or a group that

imposes violence and harm to any civilian by bombing.
Terrorist bombing

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Looking Back

FINDER’S KEEPERS

DIRECTIONS: Find and encircle Five (5) words related to our previous discussion. Write
the encircled words on the box that corresponds on each description.

WORD HINT
hazard It is a potential damage, harm, or adverse health effects on
something or someone.
risk A probability of something or someone will be experiencing
adverse health effects due to hazards.
disaster A serious and unexpected event that creates damage or loss of
life.
exposure It is a situation of potential losses of people, property, systems, or
the other element that are affected by disaster risk.
capacity The combination of strengths, attributes and resources
that can manage, and reduce disaster risk.

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Brief Introduction
The word “hazard” came from the Old French word “hasard” and Arabic Term “azzahr”
meaning luck or chance. This means hazard can predispose something to make it vulnerable to
happen. Veneema (2013) defined hazard as a situation, condition, or items that may predispose
an individual, group, or community to danger thereby increasing the possibility for a disaster to
occur. Furthermore, for the United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction
(UNISDR), hazard is a dangerous phenomenon that can cause damage or even loss to
property, livelihood, health, and environment, and even life of a single individual or an entire
society. Hazard can be a natural threat if it’s brought about by nature or a man-made threat if it’s
the result of a human factor. If hazards will not be addressed accordingly, it will lead to disaster.
The effect of any hazard differs in various communities depending on the vigilance, resiliency,
and mitigation efforts.

There are different kinds of hazards:

hydrometeorological, geological, biological,
environmental, chemical, and accidental
hazards.

Hydrometeorological hazards are natural

hazards caused by atmospheric, meteorological
or oceanographic events that pose a threat to
life
or property such as typhoons, tornado, floods, hailstorm, drought, landslide, heatwave, cold wave,
sea erosion, avalanche, cloud burst, blizzards, and lightning. Project NOAH (Nationwide
Operational Assessment of Hazards) has been created by the government to reduce the ill-
effects of this hazard in the Philippines.

Geological hazards are extreme natural hazards cause by movement on the Earth’s
crust that gives a threat to life or property such as earthquake, tsunami, volcanic eruption, the
dam burst, mine fire, and landslide. The recent volcanic eruption of Taal Volcano last January
12, 2020, has killed thousands of people, animals, desolate landscapes of destroyed houses
and snapped trees, and devastated the local economy. (CNN, 2020)

Biological hazards are cause by biological or organic agents such as bacteria, viruses,
insects, plants, birds, animals, and humans that can cause a variety of health effects ranging
from skin irritation and infections (e.g., tuberculosis, AIDS) or cancer. Example of
these are diseases, epidemics, pest attacks, food poisoning, and weapons of mass destruction.
The pandemic COVID-19 has caused a lot of damage to property and life all over the world. Strict
observance to health protocols and strengthening the health care delivery system could have
prevented further the spread of infection, thereby, mitigating the damage that it caused to any
country.
 Environmental hazards are hazards caused by changes in the environment that can
pose damage to people and the environment. Examples of these are pollution, deforestation,
desertification, and pest infection. The urbanization leads to frequent flooding in various areas in
the country. Air pollutants can cause damage to the immune system, cancers and birth defects
(Veenema, 2013). Uses of pesticides are associated with fertility rate, miscarriage,
convulsions and liver damage.

Chemical hazards are hazards caused by any chemical substances that can affect life
and property such as oil spills, fires, nuclear meltdown, and terrorist bombing. Chemical hazards
can be classified further into intentional and unintentional (Beach, 2010). Intentional chemical
hazards are criminal acts of terrorism or sabotage that cause the release of toxic chemicals in
the environment. In Syria, there is a death toll in the year 2013 when Sarin, a known chemical
agent that causes respiratory and cardiovascular irregularities have been released intentionally
(Steinblatt, 2015). On the other hand, unintentional chemical hazards are events wherein the
release of chemicals is accidental but still poses threat to life and property. In 1986, in Ukraine,
there is an accidental Chernobyl explosion.

Lastly, accident-related hazards are hazards brought about by an unintentional event but
lead to loss of life and property such as vehicular accidents, airplane crash, forest fires, building
collapse, and terrorist bombing. The recent plane crash in Plaridel, Bulacan have tragically killed
ten people as the plane plummeted into several houses. (Philstar, 2018).

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 Activity 1

Head in the Lines

In this activity, you must define what hazard is, identify the kind of hazard and how it affects different
lives and its surroundings.

Objective: Analyze the different hazards happening today in the society.

Procedure:
Materials:
Read and cut the news or stories that explicit different
Paper
hazards.
Newspaper Paste it on a piece of paper.
Magazines
Label the picture and identify the kind of hazard it
Glue
shows.
Pen
Answer the follow-up questions below at the back of
your paper.

Follow-up Question:

Based on what you have read, what can you tell about hazards?

How is hazard made? Can you further explain it?

What type of hazard have you identified? How did you identify it?

How do hazards affect peoples’ lives and their communities?

What is its impact on peoples’ lives and their communities?

Can a hazard be prevented? If yes, how can hazard be prevented?

 Activity 2

A Risky List

After learning how hazard can affect the society, you will learn now how hazard affect our home and family.

Objective: Analyze the different hazards inside your home.

Procedure:

Roam around your house and look for things that could
cause hazard.
Materials:
Categorize each thing according to the kind of hazard it
Paper
portrays.
Pen Write your answer on a piece of paper.

Answer the follow-up questions below at the back of your

paper.

Follow-up Question:

Based on what you have listed, how hazards affect your health and safety?
These hazards could potentially reach their limit and have an effect on our
health and safety from their damages e.g. fire, rusty material.

How did you identify the type of hazards for each thing you have found in your home?
I asked my parents what they deem could be dangerous to us and I assessed them
myself too.

In your own ways, how can you prevent a hazard from happening to your home?
I will always double check the electrical appliances and make sure that any fire inducing element
Will be turned off.

What will happen if a hazard is not prevented? Can you give me examples?
For example at lab facilities, if a hazardous chemical is not stocked properly, it could
Potentially be detrimental to the researchers’ health. An unchecked electrical line at buildings can
Also cause electrical outage and fire.

What is now the definition of hazard for you?

A hazard is any source of potential damage, harm or adverse health effects on something or someone.
 Over plugging electrical gadgets in the same line: electrical hazard (or
accident-related)
 Unattended gas stoves: fire hazard (or accident-related)
 Rusty and feeble galvanized iron sheets: accident-related hazard
 Overuse of fan appliances: electrical hazard (or accident-related)
 Relatives coming home from work: biological hazard (bec. Of virus)
Activity 3

Ask Me Anything!

In this activity, you will learn how hazard can affect other people in their daily lives.

Objective: Realize how hazard can affect other people lives.

Procedure:
Materials: 1. Ask 5 persons around your house of their personal

Paper experiences on a hazard.

2.
Ask them on the impact of this hazardous event in
Pen
their life and how they would prevent it from
3. occurring again.
Write it on a piece of paper and think of a

Follow-up Question: probable solution to their experiences.

1. What are the common problems they encounter on hazard?

2. How this hazard has changed their lives?

3. Based on their answer, how do you feel about it?

4. What possible solutions they have propose to prevent the occurrence of other hazards in their
life? Based on what you heard, what possible solutions
will you recommend in order to prevent the occurrence of such hazards?

5. What conclusions can you make on this activity?

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 Remember

 Hazard is a situation, condition or items that may predispose an individual, group, or

community to danger and can cause damage or even loss to property, livelihood,
health and environment, and even life of a single individual or an entire society.

 Hazard can be a natural threat or a man-made threat

 Hazard can lead to disaster.

 The effect of any hazard differs in various communities depending on the vigilance,
resiliency, and mitigation efforts.

 There are different kinds of hazards: hydrometeorological, geological,

biological, environmental, chemical, and accidental hazards.

Check Your Understanding

FILL IN THE TABLE

Direction: Categorize the given hazard into its type and kind of hazards. Write your answer on the
table. An example is given to you.

HAZARD TYPE OF HAZARD KIND OF HAZARD

EXAMPLE: Dona Paz Tragedy Man-made Hazard Accident-related Hazard
1. Bagyong Yolanda Natural Hazard Hydrometeorological Hazard
2. COVID-19 Natural Hazard Biological Hazards
3. Lahar Flow in Pampanga Natural Hazard Geological Hazards
4. Baguio Landslide Natural Hazard Geological Hazards
5. Ozone Tragedy Man-made Hazard Anthropogenic Hazards
Post Test

Directions: Read the questions carefully. Write the letter of the correct answer on the space
provided before each number.

C 1. What do you call the situation, condition, or items that may predispose an individual,
group, or community to danger, and can cause damage or even loss to property,
livelihood, health and environment, and even life of a single individual or an entire
society?
A. Disaster C. Hazard
B. Disaster Risk D. Phenomenon

A 2. This type of hazard is caused by natural processes that could lead to damage to life
and property?
A. Natural Hazard C. Man- made Hazard
B. Artificial Hazard D. Mitigating Hazard

D 3. Which one is not an example of hydrometeorological hazards.?

A. Hailstorm C. Avalanche
B. Blizzards D. Earthquake

B 4. In Syria, the death toll in 2013 has caused respiratory and cardiovascular
irregularities brought about by Sarin. What kind of hazard is this?
A. Geological Hazard C. Biological Hazard
B. Chemical Hazard D. Accident-related Hazard

D 5. All of the following except one are the factors that determine the effect of hazard in a
given phenomenon.
A. Vigilance C. Resiliency
B. Mitigating factors D. Exposure

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Reflection

Hit That List

How dangerous hazard is for you? Can you remember when did you encounter a hazardous event
in your life? Can you count how many times did you encountered it? Hazard can be dangerous if
not prevented. It can endanger people and things around us. It can be seen in a lot of different
ways. Without a proper precaution, it can affect a large
group, communities, country, and even the world.

Procedure:
On a piece of bond paper, write on the topmost center of the paper, List H.
Below that, draw 2 rows of a rectangle and divide it into 7 columns making it a square.
On the topmost rows, write the days of the week starting from the day today.

On the second row, write the list of situations that cause a hazard to yourself. Example using of the
cleaning agent.
After a week, each student will present it in front of others and try to compare each
answer.

Example Sheet:
LIST H

MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY SATURDAY SUNDAY

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