CHAPTER I

Martial Arts
1. INTRODUCTION

2. MARTIAL ARTS ACCORDING TO BRUCE LEE

3. MARTIAL ARTS FOR CRIMINOLOGY

4. TYPES OF MARTIAL ARTS STYLE

5. MARTIAL ARTS DISCIPLINE

A. DOJO ETIQUETTE

B. UNIFORM

C. EQUIPMENTS

BE HUMBLE and never think you are better than anyone else. “For dust you
are and unto dust you shall return.” (Genesis 3:9)

“I Don’t Need a Weapon… I Am One”. (Unknown)

1. INTRODUCTION
 We can defend ourselves verbally or physically.

The secret of martial arts is staying calm in the face of adversity and
preparing to keep that other guy from hurting you. Anticipating violence teaches us
not to wait to be harmed but to avoid it. Remember that wisdom is better than any
weapon of war. And that the most important muscle in our body is the one between
our ears.

There’s no such thing as a dirty fighter, only an educated one.

How can anyone possibly grasp everything that martial arts offer? Actually
it takes a lifetime. That is why they call martial arts as a way of life.

Martial arts can be divided into two broad categories: striking and grappling
arts. Striking arts are (surprise) systems that favour kicks and punches. Grappling
arts emphasize on grabs, holds, and throws. Although many styles include
techniques from both areas, most will fall into one category or the other.

Striking Arts vs. Grappling Arts

Striking Arts: Grappling Arts:

Kung Fu (China) Jujutsu/Judo (Japan)
Karate (Japan) Aikido (Japan)
Tae Kwon Do (Korea) Sumo (Japan)
Boxing (Europe/USA) Wrestling (Europe/USA)

Martial arts could be with weapon or without weapon. With weapon martial
arts include: bladed weapons, blunt objects, farming tools etcetera, except
firearms; while weaponless martial arts refers to light contact or full contact (full
contacts are for professionals not for beginners). Remember, that techniques
applied improperly or with insufficient care could cause injury.

2. MARTIAL ARTS ACCORDING TO BRUCE LEE

Martial Art is Military Art.

 Art is the expression of oneself. The more complicated and restricted the
method, the lesser the opportunity of expressing one’s original sense of freedom.
Though techniques play an important role these should not be too mechanical,
complex or restrictive. If martial artists cling blindly to them, they shall eventually
become bound by their limitations. In karate, expressing the techniques matters
most rather than doing them. If somebody attacks, the immediate response should
not be technique no. 1, stance no. 2, section 4, paragraph 5 but simply moving like
sound and echo, without any deliberation. It is as though when a person is called,
answers, or when an object is thrown catch it. It’s as simple as that – no fuss, no
mess. In other words, when someone grabs, punch. (Bruce Lee Famous Quote on
Simplicity)

According to Jeet Kune Do, martial art is a skill and not a talent because it
can be learned. Bruce Lee used to say, “If you are going to train without the
concept that this is the real thing, you are short-changing yourself. When you kick
or punch the bag, you have to imagine that you are actually hitting an adversary.
Really concentrating, putting 100 percent in your kicks and punches, is the only way
you are going to be good.”

Bruce Lee always believed that all martial artists train diligently for one
single purpose-to defend themselves. Whether we are in judo, karate, aikido, kung
fu, etc., our ultimate goal is to prepare for any situation.

3. MARTIAL ARTS FOR CRIMINOLOGY

The Mac Young Couple (1998) explained in simple words “that in order for an
individual can only be in self-defense, if his actions stay within legal standards and
boundaries. He has to stay within these parameters or else, regardless of the
reason, he is no longer legally defending himself or others.”

In the Philippines, the legal basis of self-defense is provided in Article 11 -

Justifying Circumstances of the Revised Penal Code as follows:

1. Anyone who acts in defense of his person or rights, provided that the
following circumstances concur: first, Unlawful aggression; next, Reasonable
necessity of the means employed to prevent or repel it; and last, Lack of
sufficient provocation on the part of the person defending himself.
2. Anyone who acts in defense of the person or rights of his spouse,
ascendants, descendants, or legitimate, natural or adopted brothers or
sisters, or his relatives by affinity in the same degrees and those
consanguinities within the fourth civil degree, provided that the first and
second requisites prescribed in the next preceding circumstance are
present, and the further requisite, in case the provocation was given by the
person attacked, the one making defense had no part therein.

3. Anyone who acts in defense of the person or rights of a stranger, provided

that the first and second requisites mentioned in the first circumstance of
this Article are present, the person defending won’t be induced by revenge,
resentment, or other evil motive.

Provisions for Criminology Students:

1. CHED MEMORANDUM ORDER (CMO) No. 21 Series of 2005 on Criminal

Justice Education: Policies and Standards for the Criminology Program which
described as:

a. PE 1 – Fundamentals of Martial Arts

The course deals with the study of judo, karate-do, and arnis as
means of self-defense for law enforcement officers. It includes instructions
on safety falls, kickback throws, fighting stances, pushing and open hand
strikes, hand grips and grabbing, head lock and hammer lock, training and
conditioning of the body through calisthenics, developing force and
flexibility.

b. PE 2 – Disarming Techniques

This course deals with the study and practice of martial arts as a
means of self-defense for law enforcement officers. The study puts
emphasis on special instructions in physical conditioning, unarmed defense
tactics, offensive and defensive procedures, pistols disarming, defense
against knife and club attacks. It also includes the application of the
different principles of karate-do, aikido, long stick, police baton, taekwondo,
Thai boxing and other forms of martial arts.
 2. CHED MEMORANDUM ORDER (CMO) No. 05 Series of 2018 on Policies, and
Standards and Guidelines for the Bachelor of Science in Criminology (BSC)
Program as follows: (Note: Curriculum is Experience.)

a. PE 1 – Fundamentals of Martial Arts

b. PE 2 – Arnis and Disarming Techniques

3. Republic Act No. 9850, approved on December 11, 2009, defines the
indigenous Filipino martial art of Arnis and declares it as the “Philippine
National Martial Art and Sport.” The Act then orders the Department of
Education, the National Commission for Culture and the Arts, and the
Philippine Sports Commission to promulgate the rules and regulations
necessary to carry out its provisions.

Modern Arnis is the system of Filipino martial arts founded by Remy

Presas as a self-defense system. His goal was to create an injury-free
training method as well as an effective self-defense system in order to
preserve the older Arnis systems.

Three Phases of Arnis:

a. Stick
b. Bladed Weapon
c. Mano-Mano

4. TYPES OF MARTIAL ARTS STYLE

1. Aikido – is a Japanese martial art style focused on redirecting the attack

away from you. Aikido concentrates on throwing, joint locks, traditional
Japanese weapons, etc.
2. Aikijujitsu – is a sub-genre of Jujutsu. In contrast to Jujutsu, Aikijujitsu
focuses more heavily on blending with the opponent, moving joint-locks, and
other esoteric principles.
3. American Kenpo – is a hybrid martial art style. It is also known as Kenpo
Karate.
4. Angampora – is a Sri Lankan martial art that focuses on unarmed combat,
grappling, weapons and pressure points.
5. Bagua Zhang – the “Eight Trigram Palm” style is one of the 3 best known
Wudang styles. Best known for its “circle walking”.
6. Bajutsu – is a Japanese martial art focused on military equestrianism.
7. Bakom – (also known as Vacon) is a Peruvian martial art that combines
Jujutsu with street fighting techniques. It was designed for survival in the
slums of Peru.
8. Bajiquan – is a Chinese martial art style that is famous for its explosive
power and elbow strikes.
9. Bando – is a martial art style from the Southeast Asian country of Myanmar
(formerly known as Burma).
10. Bartitsu – is an English martial art that combines boxing, cane
fighting, jujutsu, etc. Revival of this martial art is due to renewed interest
in Sherlock Holmes (as he was a fictional master of Bartitsu).
11. Bataireacht (Irish Stick Fighting) – is the martial art better known as Irish
stick fighting.
12. Bokh (Mongolian Wrestling) – is a traditional wrestling martial art that was
practiced by Mongol warriors. It is better known today as Mongolian
Wrestling.
13. Budokon – is a hybrid system that combines martial art training with Yoga.
14. Bojuka – is a self-defense system focused on grappling and strikes to an
opponent’s vital areas.
15. Bojutsu – is a weapon-based martial art focused on the long staff (Bo).
16. Bokator – is an ancient Cambodian martial art that includes grappling, strikes
and weapons training.
17. Boxing – is a martial art style focused purely on powerful punches.
18. Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu (BJJ) - is a Brazilian martial art style focused on ground
fighting (i.e. grappling).
19. Bujutsu – is the Japanese martial art of the Samurai.
20. Butthan – is a martial art from Bangladesh. It is focused on subjects such as
mediation, self-defense, weapons, etc.
21. Byakuren Kaikan – is a Japanese martial art focused on full contact sparring.
This style originated out of Shorinji Kempo.
22. Catch Wrestling – is a grappling martial art created in the late 1800s that
combines techniques from wrestling, Judo, Jujutsu and other grappling
martial arts.
23. Canne de Combat – is a French martial art that focuses on a sports version
of cane fighting.
24. Capoeira – is a very fluid and acrobatic martial art style from Brazil.
25. Choy Li Fut – (or Cai Li Fo) is a substyle of Kung Fu that combines long and
short-range techniques.
26. Chun Kuk Do – is a Korean and American hybrid system created by Chuck
Norris (martial artist and movie star). In 2015, this martial art was renamed
to the Chuck Norris System.
27. Combat Hapkido – is seen as a spin-off of traditional Hapkido. It has a much
greater focus on self-defense and grappling than traditional Hapkido.
28. Combat Hopak – (or Boyovyy Hopak) is an Ukrainian martial art supposedly
derived from Cossack military traditions.
29. Coreeda – is an Australian aboriginal martial art focused on wrestling.
30. Cuong Nhu – is a Vietnamese-American hybrid martial art that combines
elements from Shotokan Karate, Aikido, Judo, Wing Chun, Vovinam, Tai Chi
and Boxing.
31. Daido Juku Kudo – is a Japanese martial art that practices mixed martial
arts techniques while wearing a traditional gi.
32. Daito-Ryu Aikijujutsu – is a traditional Japanese martial art focused on
unarmed combat, throws, strikes to vital areas, joint locks, etc.
33. Dambe – is an African martial art focused primarily on boxing but it also uses
kicking techniques.
34. Danzan Ryu – an American hybrid form of Jujutsu. It is also known as
Kodenkan.
35. Defendo Alliance – this European martial art is focused on realistic self-
defense training.
36. Defendu – A British martial art created by William Fairbairn and Eric Sykes.
This system was taught to Office of Strategic Services agents and Allied
troops in World War 2.
37. Dumog – is a Philippine martial art focused on wrestling.
38. Eagle Claw Kung Fu – is a Chinese martial art known for its gripping
techniques, strikes, joint locks, takedowns and pressure point attacks.
39. Enshin Kaikan – is a Japanese martial art that utilizes the Sabaki method
(which seeks to turn an attacker’s power against him). This martial art
involves kicks, punches, sweeps, throws, etc.
40. Eskrima, Arnis & Kali – Eskrima is a martial art style from the Philippines
focused on the use of stick and blade weapons (i.e. Yantok). This martial art
is also known as Arnis and Kali.
41. Fencing – Fencing today is mainly an Olympic-style sport. However, there is a
sub-style called historical fencing which focuses on fencing as a martial art.
42. Gatka – is an Indian martial art focused on weapons, especially swords.
43. Glima – is a Scandinavian wrestling-based martial art that was created by
the Vikings.
44. Gongkwon Yusul – is a Korean hybrid martial art that includes elements
from Hapkido, Jujutsu, Judo and Boxing.
45. Gungsol – or Gungdo is a Korean martial art focused on archery.
46. Haidong Gumdo – is a Korean martial art focused on sword techniques. It
contains elements similar to Kenjutsu and Iaido.
47. Hanbojutsu – is a martial art that utilizes the Hanbo (a 3 foot wooden staff).
48. Han Mu Do – (or Hanmudo) is a Korean martial art style. It is seen as a
“smoother” and more “open hand” cousin to Hapkido. Hanmudo students also
train with weapons.
49. Hapkido – is a Korean martial art style focused on punches, kicks, throws and
joint locks.
50. HEMA (Historical European Martial Arts) - refers to mainly sword-based
martial art based on techniques used in Europe from around the 1300s to
the 1800s.
51. Hojojutsu – is a Japanese martial art that uses ropes to restrain or disable
an opponent.
52. Hung Ga – (or Hung Gar) is a southern Chinese martial art that combines 5
animal styles (Crane, Dragon, Leopard, Snake and Tiger).
53. Hwa Rang Do – is a Korean martial art that includes sparring, self-defense,
weapons training and grappling.
54. Iaido – is a Japanese martial art focused on the drawing of a sword (bokken,
iaito or shinken) from its scabbard. This martial art relies heavily on katas
(forms) and does not utilize sparring.
55. Iaijutsu – is the combat version of Iaido.
56. Icho-Ryu – is a fusion of martial arts such as Aikido, Goju Ryu Karate,
Jujutsu, Judo and Aikijujutsu. It was created to meet the needs of law
enforcement officers.
57. Itto-Ryu – A Japanese martial art focused on the sword. There are many
sub-styles of Itto-Ryu and this martial art had significant influence on the
development of modern Kendo.
58. Jailhouse Rock (JHR) - is a martial art system that was developed in the US
prison system.
59. Jeet Kune Do – is a martial art style created by Bruce Lee (martial artist
and movie star).
60. Jojutsu – (or Jodo) is a Japanese martial art focused on the short staff
(Jo).
61. Judo – is a Japanese martial art style focused on grappling, joint locks and
throws.
62. Jujutsu – is a Japanese martial art style focused on joint locks, holds and
throws. It tries to redirect or manipulate the force of an attack in order to
defeat the attacker.
63. Jukendo – is a Japanese martial art focused on the bayonet.
64. Juttejutsu – is a Japanese martial art that focuses on the martial arts
weapon known as the Jutte (Jitte).
65. Kajukenbo – This is an American martial art style that combines techniques
from many different martial arts such as Judo, Karate, Eskrima, etc. It was
designed to be effective in real world self-defense situations and street
fights.
66. Kalaripayattu – is an ancient martial art style from India.
67. KAPAP – is the Hebrew acronym for Face-To-Face-Combat. While not as well
known as Krav Maga, this Israeli martial art system is used by a number of
Israel’s elite military units.
68. Karate – is a Japanese martial art style focused on punches, hand/elbow
strikes, knee strikes and kicks.
69.Keijojutsu – is a Japanese martial art focused on police stick fighting
(batons).
70. Kendo – is a Japanese martial art style focused on sword fighting
(i.e. Bokken and Katana).
71. Kenjutsu – is a Japanese martial art style focused on sword techniques. In
contrast to Kendo, Kenjutsu is less focused on sparring.
72. Keysi – the Keysi Fighting Method is a self-defense system “created to act
and react while defending yourself”. This system has been featured in
movies such as the Batman series that starred Christian Bale.
73. Kickboxing – is a martial art style focused on powerful kicks and punches.
74. Kinomichi – is a martial art style that originated in France and was developed
by one of the students of the founder of Aikido.
75. Kino Mutai (Kina Mutai) - is a Philippines martial art that uses unconventional
tactics such as biting and eye-gouging.
76. Kobudo – a Japanese (Okinawan) martial art focused on weapons training.
Weapons used include the bo staff, sai, tonfa and nunchaku.
77. Kokondo – is a style that combines techniques from Karate and Jujitsu.
78. Krabi-Krabong – is a weapon-based martial art from Thailand.
79. Krav Maga – is a martial art style from Israel focused on winning in “real
life” combat situations.
80. Kuk Sool Won – is a Korean martial art focused on strikes, kicks, grappling,
joint locks, weapons training and healing techniques.
81. Kumdo – is a Korean sword-based martial art which is similar to Kendo.
82. Kung Fu – is a Chinese martial art style focused on hand/arm strikes, kicks
and even weapons training. A few of the many different Kung Fu styles:
Bajiquan; Choy Li Fut – Also known as Cai Li Fo; Eagle Claw Kung Fu; Hung Ga –
Also known as Hung Gar; Leopard Kung Fu (Bao Quan); Monkey Kung Fu (Hou
Quan); Praying Mantis Kung Fu; Shaolin Kung Fu; Tiger Claw Kung Fu (Fu Jow
Pai); Zui Quan – Zui Quan is better known as the “Drunken Fist” style.
83. Kung Fu To’a – is an Iranian martial art style that combines Kung Fu and
Yoga.
84. Kuntao – is a Southeast Asian martial art that utilizes hand strikes, kicking
techniques, grappling and martial arts weapons (i.e. sword, staff and spear).
85. Kyudo – is a Japanese martial art style focused on archery.
86. Kumdo – is a Korean sword-based martial art which is similar to Kendo.
87. Kung Fu – is a Chinese martial art style focused on hand/arm strikes, kicks
and even weapons training. A few of the many different Kung Fu styles:
Bajiquan; Choy Li Fut – Also known as Cai Li Fo; Eagle Claw Kung Fu; Hung Ga –
Also known as Hung Gar; Leopard Kung Fu (Bao Quan); Monkey Kung Fu (Hou
Quan); Praying Mantis Kung Fu; Shaolin Kung Fu; Tiger Claw Kung Fu (Fu Jow
Pai); Zui Quan – Zui Quan is better known as the “Drunken Fist” style.
88. Kung Fu To’a – is an Iranian martial art style that combines Kung Fu and
Yoga.
89. Kuntao – is a Southeast Asian martial art that utilizes hand strikes, kicking
techniques, grappling and martial arts weapons (i.e. sword, staff and spear).
90. Kyudo – is a Japanese martial art style focused on archery.
91. Luta Livre – is a Brazilian grappling martial art known in Portuguese as “Free
Fighting”.
95. Malla Yuddha – is an Indian and Southeast Asian martial art focused on
combat wrestling.
96. Marine Corps Martial Arts Program (MCMAP) – is focused on unarmed
combat, knife training, bayonet techniques, etc.
97. Mau Rakau – is a weapons-based martial art developed by the Maori of New
Zealand.
98. Military Martial Arts – are martial arts styles used by and/or developed for
the military. They are designed for real-life combat situations versus sport-
based martial arts that ban certain techniques in order to avoid injuries.
99. Mixed Martial Arts – utilizes techniques from a variety of different martial
arts styles (i.e. wresting, jiu-jitsu, boxing, karate, etc.) in order to defeat an
opponent.
100. Monkey Kung Fu (Hou Quan) – is an unorthodox and acrobatic style used to
disorient and attack opponents from unusual angles and positions.
101. Muay Boran – is a Thai martial art. Modern Muay Thai evolved from this
martial art style.
102. Muay Thai – is a martial art style from Thailand. It is similar to kickboxing
but also involves elbow and knee strikes. Given its powerful kicks and knee
strikes, Muay Thai is often an element of MMA training.
103. Naginatajutsu – is a Japanese martial art style focused on the long pole
weapon known as the Naginata.
104. Ninjutsu – is a martial art style developed from the techniques used by
ninjas (Japanese spies and assassins).
105. Niten Ichi-Ryu – is a two sword martial art style created by the famous
Japanese samurai, Miyamoto Musashi.
106. Niyuddha – is an ancient Indian martial art focused on kicking, punching and
throwing.
107. Nunchaku Do – is a martial art focused on the sports usage of the
Nunchaku (Nunchucks).
108. Okichitaw – is a hybrid martial art that combines the traditional fighting
techniques used by the Cree Indians (Native Americans) with techniques
from martial arts such as Taekwondo and Judo.
109. Panantukan – is the boxing component of Filipino martial art. Panantukan is
not a sport, but rather a street-oriented fighting system. This martial art is
also known as Suntukan, Pangamot, Pakamot and Mano-Mano.
110. Pankration – this Greek martial art style combines grappling, kicking
techniques and boxing. It was part of the first Olympics in 648 BC.
111. Pehlwani – is an Indian martial art focused on wrestling & grappling
techniques.
112. Pencak Silat – is the name used to refer to a variety of Indonesian martial
arts.
113. Pradal Serey – is a Cambodian martial art similar to Muay Thai and
Kickboxing. Pradal Serey is well known for its use of elbow strikes in order
to win a fight.
114. Praying Mantis Kung Fu – is known for its redirection, joint manipulation,
pressure point attacks and trapping tactics.
115. Quarterstaff – The British martial art that uses a 6-9 foot wooden staff.
Famous from the tales of Robin Hood.
116. Sambo – is a Russian martial art style. There are two main types of Sambo;
Combat Sambo and Sports Sambo.
117. Sanshou (or Sanda) – is a martial art style developed for the Chinese
military. It is focused on combat training and combines elements of kung fu,
grappling and self-defense techniques.
118. Savate (French Kickboxing) – is a French martial arts style focused on
boxing and kicking. No knee strikes are allowed.
119. Shaolin Kempo Karate – is a hybrid martial art that combines techniques
from Shaolin Kung Fu, Karate and Asian wrestling.
120. Shaolin Kung Fu – is a well known style of Kung Fu. This martial art was
developed by the monks at the Shaolin Temple in China.
121. Shin Kicking – is an English martial art or combat sports where the
contestants kick each other in the shins until one withdraws from the
contest.
122. Shindo Jinen Ryu – is a martial art that combines elements of Karate,
Aikido & Jujutsu.
123. Shintaido – is a martial art that combines Karate, Kenjutsu and
Bojustsu with spiritual and mediation elements.
124. Shootfighting – is a combat sport similar to Mixed Martial Arts. It is
focused on techniques from “Muay Thai Kickboxing and total body
Submission Grappling”.
125. Shooto – This Japanese martial art style is similar to mixed martial arts
and was created by Satoru Sayama.
126. Shorinji Kempo – A Japanese martial art that combines personal growth,
health and spirituality with self-defense techniques such as punches, kicks,
escapes, throws, etc. It is seen as a modified Japanese version of Shaolin
Kung Fu and was established in 1947.
127. Shuai Jiao – A Chinese martial art focused mainly on wrestling and grappling
techniques.
128. Shuri-Ryu – is a martial art that combines elements of karate and Kung Fu.
129. Sibpalki – is a Korean martial art that teaches close combat skills that were
utilized in the late 1700s.
130. Sikaran – is a Philippines martial art focused almost exclusively on kicking.
131. Silambam – Silambam is an Indian martial art focused primarily
on staff fighting.
132. Silat – is a Southeast Asian martial art style focused on strikes (i.e. elbow
and knee), throws, takedowns and weapons training.
133. Siljun Dobup – is a sword-based martial art based on Japanese and Korean
traditions.
134. Singlestick – This ancient English martial art uses a wooden rod to practice
techniques that were originally designed to teach cutlass fighting to sailors.
135. Small Circle Jujitsu – is an American martial art. It is a hybrid grappling
system and utilizes modified techniques from martial arts such as Jujitsu,
Judo and others.
136. Sojutsu – is a Japanese martial art focused on spear fighting.
137. Soo Bahk Do – is a Korean martial art that grew out of Tang Soo Do.
138. Special Combat Aggressive Reactionary System (SCARS) – This martial arts
program was taught to US Navy Seals in the 1980s and 1990s.
139. Spochan – is a martial art that uses “air soft” weapons to practice various
sword & stick-based fighting techniques.
140. Ssireum – is a Korean martial art focused on wrestling.
141. Sumo – is a Japanese martial art focused on wrestling.
142. Systema – is a martial art style used by some Russian special forces (i.e.
Spetsnaz).
143. Taekkyeon – is a Korean martial art focused on low kicks, leg sweeps, trips,
pushes, etc.
144. Taekwondo – is a Korean martial art style focused primarily on punches,
blocks, strikes and kicks (i.e. spinning hook kick).
145. Tahtib – is an Egyptian martial art focused on stick fighting. Students
generally train with a 4 foot wooden stick.
146. Tai Chi – is often seen as a “gentle” martial art because many seniors use its
slow movements in order to improve their health & balance and to reduce
stress.
147. Taido – is a Japanese martial art that combines elements of Karate with
gymnastic maneuvers & dynamic movement.
148. Taiho Jutsu – is a Japanese martial art that was originally designed to help
feudal police arrest armed criminals.
149. Tang Soo Do – is a Korean martial art style that is similar to Taekwondo and
Karate.
150. Tessenjutsu – is a Japanese martial art based on the use of Tessen (war
fans).
151. US Army’s Modern Army Combative Program – this is the martial art
program taught by the U.S. Army.
152. Vale Tudo – is a Brazilian martial art system that is similar to Mixed
Martial Arts but with even fewer rules. The limited number of rules can
result in more injuries during Vale Tudo contests.
 153. Varma Kalai – is an Indian martial art focused on pressure points. It can
also be used for healing applications.
154. Wing Chun – is a Chinese martial art style focused on strikes, grappling and
weapons training.
155. Won Hwa Do (or WonHwaDo) - is a Korean martial art known for its circular
techniques.
156. Wrestling – while used mainly for sports today; is an ancient martial arts
style of fighting. It focuses on grappling, throws and “pinning” your
opponent.
157. Wushu – is the modern-day sports version of Kung Fu. Developed in the
1950s as an attempt to unify the multitude of traditional Chinese martial
arts into one national style.
158. Xtreme Martial Arts (XMA) - combines gymnastics with martial arts
techniques in order to create acrobatic martial arts “tricks”.
159. Yabusame – is a Japanese martial art focused on archery while mounted on
horseback.
160. Yamanni-Ryu – is a martial art style that focuses on training with Okinawan
weapons (Kobudo).
161. Yaw Yan – is a Philippine kickboxing martial art. It also utilizes grappling
techniques and defenses against weapons.
162. Yoseikan Budo – is a Japanese martial art system that combines a number
of different martial arts including Aikido, Jujutsu, Judo, Karate, Kobudo
and Boxing.
163. Zui Quan – is better known as the “Drunken Fist” style of Kung Fu.
164. Zulu Stick Fighting – is a South African weapons-based martial art.

5. MARTIAL ARTS DISCIPLINE

Discipline is a fundamental attitude, and the most prominent characteristics

observed in viewing a class. Not only discipline is demanded during class but
excessively loud talking. Tardiness should not be permitted to continue, because an
instructor who allows such inconsideration and disrespect is remissed in his duty.

If you know how to control yourself, you already have discipline. Control is a
term you will hear a lot in class. Basically it means being able to throw techniques
without walloping your partner.
 Our emotion is our greatest handicap. It is easy to find trouble if one seeks
it or to find peace if one sincerely wishes it. However, even an individual who tries
to avoid violence may be confronted with physical attack. If such a person has
supreme confidence in his defensive abilities, he will normally have the social
courage to rapidly leave the scene or to try to “talk his way” out of fighting. In
other words, a well-trained person feels so secure that proving himself to anyone,
including himself, is unnecessary. This attitude is one of the cornerstones of
spirituality in karate.

“Demonstration outside only invites the insecure and uninformed to try and
challenge you.”

A. Dojo Etiquette

Etiquette is very important. It must be properly observed and emphasized as

a sign of respect and giving honor to the instructors and senior practitioners
(standing and kneeling bow).

Basic rules of Japanese etiquette

1. Bow as you enter and leave the dojo; this is an expression of courtesy and
respect. But in sparring, it should not focus on the floor because your
opponent might kick you in the face while looking at the ground. Martial art
is brotherhood, so bow even outside gym.

2. Bow to the Sensei (Teacher) as he enters the dojo. Your teacher is

addressed as Sensei during class. Black belt instructors or assistants to the
instructor are addressed as Sempai (Senior).

3. Students line up in front the Sensei with more advanced students to the
right. “Sensei ni rei!” Bow to the instructor. “Otaga ni rei!” Bow to each
other.

4. Shoes, bracelets, rings, and necklaces are forbidden for safety purposes.
Fingernails and toenails should be kept short and clean for the same reasons.
5. Training is conducted with bare feet.
 6. Whenever you are told to move from one part of the room to another, do it
quickly.

7. When called to Yoi, you should come to attention quickly, without fuss and
when applicable, come into straight lines. While in Yoi, there should be NO
extraneous movements such as scratching, yawning or looking around. Invoke
an alert mindset, in preparation for a combat with an opponent.

8. When Yame is called, you should stop any activity immediately.

9. Whenever you are asked to stand back or sit back and watch, do so in a
normal standing or kneeling position, silently, without leaning on walls or
distracting others.

10. Bowing is a significant gesture for Dojo etiquette. It is done every time you
get a new partner, about to switch partners, and to your old partner before
moving to the next.

11. If there is a need to leave a class early, inform the instructor beforehand.
Don’t let your instructor look for you needlessly. He/she might think that
you have already injured yourself seriously.

12. If a student comes late, he must stand at the entrance of the practice floor
facing the instructor, wait until acknowledged and permitted to join the
class.

B. Uniform

All students must wear a traditional white uniform known as a Gi. When
adjusting the Gi, a student must face the rear of the dojo.

No special equipment is absolutely necessary for karate training. Various

instructional aides, however, are very helpful and should be used if they can be
acquired.

When the Gi and athletic supporter are worn during practice, no other
articles are necessary. Gi should not be worn in public place. Instead, change into
appropriate attire before every changing situation.
 Some people are very proud of their yellowed and torn karate uniforms as if
it is a sign of seniority. This ridiculous idea is very wrong. If you don’t wash your
uniform, you will be risking an infection from the dangerous bacteria growing within
it.

C. Equipments

The best supplement in karate is a book of guidance.

1. Mouth Fist
2. Fighting Gloves
3. Body Protector ( for Female)
4. Groin Guard ( for Male)
5. Arm Guard and Shin Guard
6. Foot Gear

“The ultimate aim of Karate lies not in victory or defeat, but in the
perfection of the character of its participants.” (Gichin Funakoshi)

“Knowing is not enough; we must apply. Willingness is not enough; we must

do.” (Bruce Lee)