4/5/2021 Python tutorial: Deploy model - SQL machine learning | Microsoft Docs

Python Tutorial: Deploy a linear regression model with SQL

machine learning
08/06/2020 • 4 minutes to read •

In this article
Prerequisites
Create a stored procedure that generates the model
Store the model in a database table
Create a stored procedure that makes predictions
Next steps

Applies to: SQL Server 2017 (14.x) and later Azure SQL Managed Instance

In part four of this four-part tutorial series, you'll deploy a linear regression model developed in Python into a SQL Server database
using Machine Learning Services or Big Data Clusters.

In this article, you'll learn how to:

＂ Create a stored procedure that generates the machine learning model

＂ Store the model in a database table
＂ Create a stored procedure that makes predictions using the model
＂ Execute the model with new data

In part one, you learned how to restore the sample database.

In part two, you learned how to load the data from a database into a Python data frame, and prepare the data in Python.

In part three, you learned how to train a linear regression machine learning model in Python.
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/machine-learning/tutorials/python-ski-rental-linear-regression-deploy-model?view=sql-server-ver15 1/8
4/5/2021 Python tutorial: Deploy model - SQL machine learning | Microsoft Docs

Prerequisites
Part four of this tutorial assumes you have completed part one and its prerequisites.

Create a stored procedure that generates the model

Now, using the Python scripts you developed, create a stored procedure generate_rental_py_model that trains and generates the
linear regression model using LinearRegression from scikit-learn.

Run the following T-SQL statement in Azure Data Studio to create the stored procedure to train the model.

SQL ＝ Copy

-- Stored procedure that trains and generates a Python model using the rental_data and a linear regression algorithm
DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS generate_rental_py_model;
go
CREATE PROCEDURE generate_rental_py_model (@trained_model varbinary(max) OUTPUT)
AS
BEGIN
EXECUTE sp_execute_external_script
@language = N'Python'
, @script = N'
from sklearn.linear_model import LinearRegression
import pickle

df = rental_train_data

# Get all the columns from the dataframe.

columns = df.columns.tolist()

# Store the variable well be predicting on.

target = "RentalCount"

# Initialize the model class.

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4/5/2021 Python tutorial: Deploy model - SQL machine learning | Microsoft Docs

lin_model = LinearRegression()

# Fit the model to the training data.

lin_model.fit(df[columns], df[target])

# Before saving the model to the DB table, convert it to a binary object

trained_model = pickle.dumps(lin_model)'

, @input_data_1 = N'select "RentalCount", "Year", "Month", "Day", "WeekDay", "Snow", "Holiday" from dbo.rental_data
where Year < 2015'
, @input_data_1_name = N'rental_train_data'
, @params = N'@trained_model varbinary(max) OUTPUT'
, @trained_model = @trained_model OUTPUT;
END;
GO

Store the model in a database table

Create a table in the TutorialDB database and then save the model to the table.

1. Run the following T-SQL statement in Azure Data Studio to create a table called dbo.rental_py_models which is used to store the
model.

SQL ＝ Copy

USE TutorialDB;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS dbo.rental_py_models;
GO
CREATE TABLE dbo.rental_py_models (
model_name VARCHAR(30) NOT NULL DEFAULT('default model') PRIMARY KEY,
model VARBINARY(MAX) NOT NULL
);
GO

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/machine-learning/tutorials/python-ski-rental-linear-regression-deploy-model?view=sql-server-ver15 3/8
4/5/2021 Python tutorial: Deploy model - SQL machine learning | Microsoft Docs

2. Save the model to the table as a binary object, with the model name linear_model.

SQL ＝ Copy

DECLARE @model VARBINARY(MAX);

EXECUTE generate_rental_py_model @model OUTPUT;

INSERT INTO rental_py_models (model_name, model) VALUES('linear_model', @model);

Create a stored procedure that makes predictions

1. Create a stored procedure py_predict_rentalcount that makes predictions using the trained model and a set of new data. Run the
T-SQL below in Azure Data Studio.

SQL ＝ Copy

DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS py_predict_rentalcount;

GO
CREATE PROCEDURE py_predict_rentalcount (@model varchar(100))
AS
BEGIN
DECLARE @py_model varbinary(max) = (select model from rental_py_models where model_name = @model);

EXECUTE sp_execute_external_script
@language = N'Python',
@script = N'

# Import the scikit-learn function to compute error.

from sklearn.metrics import mean_squared_error
import pickle
import pandas

rental_model = pickle.loads(py_model)

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4/5/2021 Python tutorial: Deploy model - SQL machine learning | Microsoft Docs

df = rental_score_data

# Get all the columns from the dataframe.

columns = df.columns.tolist()

# Variable you will be predicting on.

target = "RentalCount"

# Generate the predictions for the test set.

lin_predictions = rental_model.predict(df[columns])
print(lin_predictions)

# Compute error between the test predictions and the actual values.
lin_mse = mean_squared_error(lin_predictions, df[target])
#print(lin_mse)

predictions_df = pandas.DataFrame(lin_predictions)

OutputDataSet = pandas.concat([predictions_df, df["RentalCount"], df["Month"], df["Day"], df["WeekDay"],

df["Snow"], df["Holiday"], df["Year"]], axis=1)
'
, @input_data_1 = N'Select "RentalCount", "Year" ,"Month", "Day", "WeekDay", "Snow", "Holiday" from rental_data
where Year = 2015'
, @input_data_1_name = N'rental_score_data'
, @params = N'@py_model varbinary(max)'
, @py_model = @py_model
with result sets (("RentalCount_Predicted" float, "RentalCount" float, "Month" float,"Day" float,"WeekDay"
float,"Snow" float,"Holiday" float, "Year" float));

END;
GO

2. Create a table for storing the predictions.

SQL ＝ Copy

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS [dbo].[py_rental_predictions];

GO
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4/5/2021 Python tutorial: Deploy model - SQL machine learning | Microsoft Docs

CREATE TABLE [dbo].[py_rental_predictions](

[RentalCount_Predicted] [int] NULL,
[RentalCount_Actual] [int] NULL,
[Month] [int] NULL,
[Day] [int] NULL,
[WeekDay] [int] NULL,
[Snow] [int] NULL,
[Holiday] [int] NULL,
[Year] [int] NULL
) ON [PRIMARY]
GO

3. Execute the stored procedure to predict rental counts

SQL ＝ Copy

--Insert the results of the predictions for test set into a table
INSERT INTO py_rental_predictions
EXEC py_predict_rentalcount 'linear_model';

-- Select contents of the table

SELECT * FROM py_rental_predictions;

You should see results similar to the following.

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/machine-learning/tutorials/python-ski-rental-linear-regression-deploy-model?view=sql-server-ver15 6/8
4/5/2021 Python tutorial: Deploy model - SQL machine learning | Microsoft Docs

You have successfully created, trained, and deployed a model. You then used that model in a stored procedure to predict values based
on new data.

Next steps
In part four of this tutorial series, you completed these steps:

Create a stored procedure that generates the machine learning model

Store the model in a database table
Create a stored procedure that makes predictions using the model
Execute the model with new data

To learn more about using Python with SQL machine learning, see:

Python tutorials

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/machine-learning/tutorials/python-ski-rental-linear-regression-deploy-model?view=sql-server-ver15 7/8
4/5/2021 Python tutorial: Deploy model - SQL machine learning | Microsoft Docs

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