REVIEW – STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING AND CONSTRUCTION

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Cracking Moment of Plain Concrete Beam Sections
REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN
1. The decorative concrete beam shown is simply
Balanced Section – The maximum compressive strain in supported on a span of 6m.
the compression concrete is reached at the instant the
strain in the tension reinforcement reaches the yield
strain. This means that the concrete crushes
simultaneously with the onset of yielding of the tension
reinforcement.

Under-reinforced Section – The strain in the tension

steel is greater than the yield strain in the concrete.
Failure under this condition is ductile.
Section Properties:
Over-reinforced Section – The strain in the tension steel
b1 = 350mm
is lesser than the yield strain in concrete. Failure in this
b2 = 250mm
condition occurs suddenly.
d = 150mm
Working Stress Design (Alternate Design Method) h = 600mm

• Extreme fiber stress in compression Concrete Properties:

𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 = 0.45𝑓𝑓 ′ 𝑐𝑐 Compressive strength, f'c = 28MPa

Tensile strength, ft = 2.8MPa
• Modulus of elasticity of concrete (Normal Unit weight = 23.5kN/m3
weight)
a. Determine the value of the bending
𝐸𝐸 = 4700�𝑓𝑓 ′ 𝑐𝑐 moment that will cause the beam to
crack. 46.8kN-m
• Modular Ratio b. Determine the bending stress in MPa in
the extreme fiber in compression due to
𝐸𝐸𝑠𝑠 the cracking moment. 2.5
𝑛𝑛 =
𝐸𝐸𝑐𝑐 c. In addition to its own weight, what
uniformly distributed load in kN/m can the
NSCP 424.6.4 -> It shall be permitted to take the beam safely carry before it cracks? 6.6
modular ratio as the nearest whole number.
2. CE BOARD MAY 2001| A reinforced concrete
• Modulus of Rupture of Concrete beam has a width of 280 mm and an effective
depth of 520 mm. It is reinforced for tension only
𝑓𝑓𝑟𝑟 = 0.7�𝑓𝑓′𝑐𝑐 (2001 NSCP) with 5-28 mm diameter bars. Material strengths
are f’c=21 MPa and fs=128 MPa. Assume n=9.
𝑓𝑓𝑟𝑟 = 0.62ƛ�𝑓𝑓′𝑐𝑐 (2010 NSCP) Use Working Stress Design.
a. Determine the location of the neutral axis
Values for ƛ:
from the extreme compression fiber.
ƛ = 1.0 𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛 𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤ℎ𝑡𝑡 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 236.77 mm
b. Determine the moment capacity of the
ƛ = 0.85 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙ℎ𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡ℎ𝑡𝑡 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 beam. 138.16 kN-m
c. Which of the following statements is true
ƛ = 0.75 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙ℎ𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡ℎ𝑡𝑡 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 for the given beam
i. The beam complies with the
code.
ii. The concrete fails first before the
tension steel yields.

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 REVIEW – STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING AND CONSTRUCTION
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Reduction Factors (from NSCP 2010/2015)

iii. The tension steel yields first Flexure 0.65 to 0.9

before the concrete fails. (with or without In accordance with
iv. The concrete fails and the axiall) table 421.2.2
tension steel yields at the same Axial compression
with or without
time.
flexure 0.65
d. Determine the stress in the steel a. Axial load
reinforcement given a service moment of with
100kn-m moment in 0.75
tied
Ultimate Stress Design columns
b. Axial load
Load Combinations (from NSCP 2001) with
moment in
a. Dead and Live spiral
𝑈𝑈 = 1.4𝐷𝐷 + 1.7𝐿𝐿 columns
Shear and Torsion 0.75
Load Combinations (from NSCP 2010/2015) Bearing on concrete 0.65

a. Dead and Live

𝑈𝑈 = 1.2𝐷𝐷 + 1.6𝐿𝐿 Singly Reinforced Beam

Singly Reinforced Beam – Concrete beam that is

Design Strength – nominal strength multiplied by a reinforced for tension only.
strength reduction factor, Ø
3. A beam of rectangular section 300mm wide is
Reduction Factors (from NSCP 2001) reinforced with 4-Ø32mm steel bars in the tension
zone on an effective depth of 500mm. Subjected
Flexure 0.90 to a bending moment M, the steel reinforcement
(without axial) yield. If the concrete strength f’c = 25MPa and
Axial compression steel strength fy = 415MPa, determine the depth
with or without of the concrete compression zone and the
flexure 0.70
moment capacity of the beam(use NSCP 2001)
a. Axial load
with
moment in 0.75 4. A rectangular beam is 300mm wide by 600mm
tied deep and is reinforced with 5-32mm diameter
columns rebars for tension. Diameter of ties is 12mm and
b. Axial load concrete cover is 40mm. It has material
with properties of F’c=20.7 MPa and Fy=415 MPa.
moment in
spiral Determine the distance of the neutral axis from
columns the extreme compresion fiber and the ultimate
Shear and Torsion 0.85 moment capacity of the beam.(use NSCP 2015)
Bearing on concrete 0.70
5. Determine the appropriate size of a singly-
reinforced rectangular beam section for a
required bending strength Mu = 500kN-m.
Concrete strength f’c = 25MPa. and steel yield
strength fy = 275MPa. Use a beam width about
half the depth. Allow 70mm cover to the centroid
of the tension reinforcement. Use ρ = 0.75ρ b
(b=270mm, d=533mm, h=603mm,
As=4860mm2)

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