5 - Care of The Mother and The Fetus
5 - Care of The Mother and The Fetus
5 - Care of The Mother and The Fetus
Is a type of Preventive
HEalthcare
What is Prenatal Care?
Prenatal care is when you get
checkups from a health care
professional (doctor, nurse, or
midwife) throughout your
pregnancy.
Routine Prenatal Care
Prenatal screening and diagnosis
has played a part in reducing the
frequency of
maternal death,
miscarriages,
birth defects,
low birth weight,
neonatal infections and
other preventable health problems.
Traditional Prenatal Care Schedule
SCHEDULE OF VISITS
First 32 weeks - monthly
32 to 36 weeks -Twice a month ( every 2 weeks)
from or every 2 weeks during 8th month
9 months to delivery- 4X times a month or
weekly during
A. GTPAL / GTPALM
Gravida = the no. of pregnancy including the present one.
Term= the total no of infants born at term 37 or more up to
42 weeks.
Preterm= the total no. of infants born before 37 weeks
Abortions= the total no. of spontaneous or induced
abortions
Living= the total no. of children currently living
Multiple pregnancies= the total of multiple pregnancies
B. GPAb
Gravida = the no. of pregnancy including the present
one.
Para = the number of pregnancies that reaches the age
of viability – in 24weeks regardless of whether babies
born alive or not.
Example: A woman who has been pregnant 3 times,
has had two deliveries after 24 weeks gestation, and
has had one abortion; the abbreviation would be G3,P2,
Ab1.
1. Internal Gynecologic Exam and expected date of
2. Weight, vital signs, confinement EDC by using the
auscultation of fetal heart Naegel’s/ Neagle’s Rule
rate (FHR)
3. palpation of fetal outline
(LEOPOLD’s MANEUVER) ,
measurement of fundal
height as correlation for
appropriate progress of
pregnancy, determine fetal
length, calculation of fetal
weight in grams and age of
gestation (AOG)
Gaining Too Much Weight in Gaining Too Little
Pregnancy Weight in Pregnancy
o High birth weight o Low birth weight
o Cesarean delivery o Premature birth
o Gestational diabetes o Breastfeeding
o Delivery complications like problems
shoulder dystocia o Lowered immunity
o Preeclampsia o Developmental delays
o Possibly develop diabetes o Obesity during
in the future childhood
o Post-pregnancy weight
retention
LEOPOLD’S MANEUVER
Are performed in pregnancy after the uterus becomes large
enough to allow differentiation of fetal parts by palpation.
● FIRST MANEUVER (FUNDAL GRIP) - Identifies the part of
the fetus that lies over the inlet into the pelvis .
○ CEPHALIC (head) & BREECH ( pelvis) – commonest
presentation
○ LIE of the fetus – the relationship between the long axis
of the fetus and the long axis of the mother – either
longitudinal or transverse, but occasionally oblique.
○ When the fetal head is in the fundus, it will feel hard,
smooth globular , mobile and ballotable.
○ When the breech is in the fundus, it will feel soft, irregular,
round and less mobile.
LEOPOLD’S MANEUVER
• SECOND MANEUVER- UMBILICAL GRIP
Identifies the relationship of the fetal body part to the front, back or sides
of the maternal pelvis.
Finding the position
The back will feel firm, smooth, convex, resistant
The small parts ( arms and legs ) will feel small, irregularly placed, and
maybe actively or possibly mobile.