Dvar Torah - Trumah - 5769
Dvar Torah - Trumah - 5769
Dvar Torah - Trumah - 5769
Parashat T’rumah details the construction of the mishkan, the portable temple
the Jews built and took with them during their 40 year journey through the
wilderness. The early rabbis noticed the high frequency of similar words used
in this story of the creation of a holy sanctuary and the language used in
Genesis to describe creation.
The portable temple – the mishkan – is the Torah’s early preview of the
permanent Temple that would be built centuries later by King Solomon in
Jerusalem. Jon Levenson, a Bible scholar and the teacher of my Bible
professor, wrote that the parallels between the Torah’s account of the creation
of the universe and the Exodus chapters detailing the creation of the mishkan
provide "powerful evidence that, as in many cultures, the Temple was
conceived as a microcosm, a miniature world."
For this week’s Torah portion, the rabbis chose a haftarah, the public reading
from the books of the Prophets that accompanies the weekly Torah reading,
from the book of First Kings. That text describes Solomon’s building of the
first Temple in Jerusalem. One of the most commented upon verses we find in
the description of this massive construction project reads as follows: When
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the Temple was built, only finished stones cut at the quarry were used,
so that no hammer or ax or any iron tool was heard in the Temple while
it was being built.
ְכּ ִלי-ַרזֶן ָכּל
ְ וּמ ָקּבוֹת וְ ַהגּ
ַ ; נִ ְבנָה, ְשׁ ֵל ָמה ַמ ָסּע- ֶא ֶבן-- ְבּ ִה ָבּנֹתוֹ,וְ ַה ַבּיִ ת
The Talmud records a somewhat famous aggadah, or legend, about how King
Solomon managed to fulfill this commandment from God not to use any of
these routinely needed tools to cut and shape the rocks taken from the quarry
in order to build the Temple. This account is found in the tractate of the
Babylonian Talmud known as Gittin. What it says is this:
Solomon went to the sages of his time and asked how he was supposed to be
able to go ahead with the construction project without these tools. They
replied to him that the one way he could do it was to obtain a magical
creature, the shamir. The shamir was a tiny worm that had the wonderous
power of being able to cut through the hardest substances on earth. The
rabbinic tradition produced a lot of midrash – a lot of interpretive and
imaginative lore – about this amazing creature. The shamir was, according to
midrash, one of the miraculous creatures that God made in the waning hours
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of the final, sixth day of creation. The shamir was used by Moses to engrave
the names of each of the 12 tribes of Israel on the precious gemstones that
were mounted upon the breastplate of the first high priest, Aaron. And
because the shamir could cut through any hard substance at all, there was no
way to contain it in any kind of box. Ultimately, the only way it could be
possessed by a human being was to place it in a soft mesh of fibers and then
encase that in a soft lead capsule.
When Solomon’s advisers told him to use the shamir to cut the rocks from the
quarry, he asked them how to find it. They told him that the only way to find
the location of the shamir was to capture two demons, a male and a female, tie
them up, and refuse to release them until they said where it might be. I realize
that some of you might be thinking to yourselves, “Demons? I didn’t know
Judaism believed in demons.” Well, this is an example of how Jewish ideas and
believes have changed and evolved over the centuries. For millennia there
has been a Jewish philosophical tradition that has pooh‐poohed the idea of
demons and evil spirits. But for much of Jewish history, people also believed
in all sorts of angelic and demonic beings, and as you’ll see, the story of how
Solomon sought out the shamir is filled with these magical and powerful
beings.
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King Solomon was renowned for his ability to use his mental and spiritual
power to control demons, and so he went ahead and captured a female and a
male demon and demanded that they tell him what they knew about the
shamir. They said they didn’t know where it was, but that Ashmadai, the
prince of all the demons, did know, and they told the king where Ashmadai
lived. Ashmadai’s home was a far‐off mountain. The two demons told
Solomon that Ashmadai was so worried that someone would try to poison him
that he had dug a pit near the mountain and kept it filled with drinking water.
He kept the pit sealed in a special way so that he could tell if anyone had
opened it while he was away.
The king sent a man named Benayahu to Ashmadai’s dwelling. He gave
Benayahu several things: a chain and a ring, each inscribed with the four‐
letter sacred Name of the Eternal One, as well as a good deal of wool material
and many bottles of wine. Benayahu journeyed to Ashmadai’s mountain and
dug a pit underneath the bottom of the arch demon’s water pit, thus draining
all the water out. He then stopped up the hole in the bottom of the pit with
the wool. Then he walked to ground above the pit, dug down until he had
bored a new hole into the top of the water pit, and filled the demon’s pit with
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wine. He stopped up this hole with wool as well, and then he waited for
Ashmedai to return home.
When Ashmedai came to his pit, it appeared not to have been tampered with,
but when he opened it he saw that it was full of wine. He didn’t drink it for
several days, but then he became impossibly thirsty and finally drank, became
drunk, and fell asleep. Benayahu seized his chance and threw the chain with
the Divine name around the demon. When Ashmadai woke up, he tried to
struggle free, but he couldn’t because of the power of God’s name on the chain
and on Benayahu’s ring.
As Benayahu brought Ashmadai back to King Solomon in Jerusalem, the
Talmud recounts many adventures which, because of limited time, I’m going
to skip for now. When Solomon finally came in to see him in his jail, Ashmadai
accused the king of greed. “You have a great kingdom and yet that’s not
enough for you – you feel the need to subdue me, too, don’t you.” Solomon
responded, “I want nothing of you. What I want is to build the Temple and I
require the shamir. Where is it?”
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Ashmadai said, “I am not the keeper of the shamir. The Prince of the Sea has
it, and the only one he lends it to is the woodpecker, who has sworn an oath to
him to guard it.”
King Solomon asked, “What does this bird do with the shamir?”
Ashmadai answered, “He takes it to a mountain where there are no trees and
he puts the shamir on the edge of large sections of rock. The shamir cuts
through the rock, and the woodpecker then drops seeds from the trees into
the new openings, and trees then grow there.”
King Solomon sent a team led by Benayahu out to the woodpecker’s forest,
and they found her nest there with young in it. They covered the nest with
white glass. When she flew back to the nest, she could not penetrate the glass,
so she brought the shamir and placed it on the glass. The shamir began to cut
through the glass. When the woodpecker picked up the shamir again,
Benayahu gave a loud shout and the woodpecker dropped it. Benayahu
captured the shamir and headed back to Jerusalem.
King Solomon then used the shamir to construct the Temple, and he kept
Ashmadai prisoner until the structure was completed. As long as Ashmadai
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was wrapped in the chain bearing the sacred Divine name upon it, he could
not escape.
The story then takes an interesting and tragic turn. King Solomon was a man
who craved wisdom and knowledge, and he felt fascinated by what he could
learn from a being like Ashmedai, Prince of the Demons. The Talmud states
that Ashmedai would spend the day traveling up to Heaven studying in the
heavenly academy (for the rabbis, Heaven is a place of Talmud study – what
else?). Ashmedai knew many secrets of the workings of the world and had
much deep knowledge that he could potentially share with Solomon. One day
the king visited Ashmedai alone in his prison and asked him to share the
secret of why the angels and the demons had power over human beings.
Ashemdai told him he would tell him if the king took off the magical chain that
bound him and gave him the ring that bore the sacred Divine name, just for a
moment, so that he could explain it to him. Despite his own grave
reservations, Solomon couldn’t resist, and he impulsively did as the great
demon asked. The instant he did so, Ashemdai stretched himself to his full
enormous size and swallowed King Solomon. Then he spat him a distance of
four hundred parsangs, which was to say into a far, far remote land Solomon
had never heard of. This story of Ashmedai’s hurling of Solomon into a distant
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land forms the start of an entirely other epic saga of midrash. According to
that story, once Solomon was gone, Ashmedai assumed the king’s physical
form and ruled in his stead for several years. Meanwhile, Solomon became a
wandering beggar, relying on the kindness of strangers and composing the
book Ecclesiastes, which presents the king famously reflecting on the fleeting
nature of all earthly things, including wealth and power, youth and wisdom.
Wow, what a story! And you thought building a new home was difficult in this
economic climate.
A contemporary rabbi, Elisa Koppel, writes this about Solomon’s search for
the shamir worm:
The Talmudic story teaches us that in order to get the one thing he needs
iron tool would be heard in the House of God; the material of weapons
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could not be brought into a place of peace. The lesson of the shamir is that
it is only through conflict that true peace can exist. We often try to avoid
contradiction in our lives that we are able to find the peace that we seek.
So, too, it is often only after we endure our own tests that we can find the
To put it a little differently, King Solomon has to “face his demon” before he
can acquire the needed element for building a temple of non‐violence. The
violence in the story of his adventurous quest is directed into the realm of
demons and magical creatures – in other words, the realm of the psyche. This
is an example of what Muslim tradition refers to as the inner jihad, the
internal struggle to find a healthy, peaceful path.
There are some traditions that state that in addition to imprisoning Ashmedai,
King Solomon also tricked the powerful demon into assisting with the
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construction of the Temple. Thought of this way, the story becomes a possible
allegory for putting our demonic dimensions of self to constructive purposes –
but perhaps an act of conscious cleverness and skill is needed to redirect this
demonic or evil energy towards good purposes. We can’t build the temple
without integrating our dark side, without finding a way to include and re‐
direct those energies within us that can potentially be destructive, selfish, and
cruel.
I’m also struck by the Talmudic passages that state that Solomon was replaced
by Ashmodai as king for a while. We could read this as a hint that Ashmodai
represents an aspect of Solomon.
I’ll wrap up tonight with some questions.
9 What does it take to create peace, to overcome violent responses to
conflict; and what do the adventurous midrashic traditions about
Solomon and the shamir have to suggest to us in this regard?
9 Can we only build a temple of peace if we refrain from using all tools of
violence? Are peaceful means the only way to create peace? Is that
what we are to learn from the commandment to Solomon not to allow
the use of iron tools – the tools of war – in the construction of the
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Temple? Or do we live in a less pure and simple kind of world than
that?
9 And what is it about stories of ancient quests for mysterious objects of
great power that so compels us? Why are we so drawn to them? Do
they hint at our own personal experiences of our desire to understand
the deepest mysteries of life?
Shabbat shalom.
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