INSTITUTE OF AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING

(Autonomous)
Dundigal, Hyderabad -500 043

CIVIL ENGINEERING
COURSE DESCRIPTION

Course Title FLUID MECHANICS

Course Code ACEB06

Programme B.Tech

Semester FOUR

Course Type Core

Regulation IARE - R18

Theory Practical

Course Structure Lectures Tutorials Credits Laboratory Credits

3 1 4 - -

Chief Coordinator Mr. Ch. V. S. S. Sudheer, Assistant Professor

I. COURSE OVERVIEW:
Fluid Mechanics is a branch of physicsconcerned with the mechanics of fluids, the forces acting on them
and basic understanding on fluid properties, fluiddynamics,fluid flow in closed and open conduits. This
coursemajorlyconsists of analyzing incompressible fluids in pressure systems, enablesto work and
formulate the models necessary to study and analyzefluid systems. Further, this course helps to understand
the concepts in Hydraulic Machinery and Water Resources Engineering.

II. COURSE PRE-REQUISITES:

Level Course Code Semester Prerequisites

B. Tech AHS002 I Linear Algebra and Ordinary Differential Equations

B. Tech AME002 II Engineering Mechanics

III. MARKS DISTRIBUTION:

Subject SEE Examination CIAExamination Total Marks

Fluid Mechanics 70 Marks 30 Marks 100

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IV. DELIVERY / INSTRUCTIONAL METHODOLOGIES:

✔ PPT ✔ Chalk & Talk ✘ Assignments ✘ MOOCs

✔ Open-Ended Experiments ✘ Seminars ✘ Mini Project ✔ Videos

✘ Others

V. EVALUATION METHODOLOGY:
The course will be evaluated for a total of 100 marks, with 30 marks for Continuous Internal Assessment
(CIA) and 70 marks for Semester End Examination (SEE). Out of 30 marks allotted for the CIA during the
semester, marks are awarded by taking an average of two CIA examinations or the marks scored in the
make-up examination.

Semester End Examination (SEE): The SEE is conducted for 70 marks of 3 hours duration. The syllabus
for the theory courses is divided into five modules and each module carries equal weightage in terms of
marks distribution. The question paper pattern is as follows. Two full questions with “either”, “or” choice
will be drawn from each module. Each question carries 14 marks. There could bea maximum of two
subdivisions in a question.

The expected percentage of the cognitive level of the questions is broadly based on the criteria given in
Table: 1.

Table 1: The expected percentage of cognitive level of questions in SEE

Percentage of Cognitive Level Blooms Taxonomy Level

10 % Remember

40 % Understand

40 % Apply

10 % Analyze

0% Evaluate

0% Create

Continuous Internal Assessment (CIA):

CIA is conducted for a total of 30 marks (Table 1), with 20 marks for Continuous Internal Examination
(CIE), 05 marks for Quiz and05 marks for Alternative Assessment Tool (AAT).

Table 2: Assessment pattern for CIA

Component Theory
Total Marks
Type of Assessment CIE Exam Quiz AAT

CIA Marks 20 05 05 30

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Continuous Internal Examination (CIE):
Two CIE exams shall be conducted at the end of the 8thand 16thweek of the semester respectively. The
CIE exam is conducted for 20 marks of 2 hours duration consisting of five descriptive typequestions out of
which four questions have to be answered where, each question carries 5 marks.Marks are awarded by
taking average of marks scored in two CIE exams.

Quiz – Online examination:

Two Quiz exams shall be online examination consisting of 25 multiple choice questions and areto be
answered by choosing the correct answer from a given set of choices (commonly four).Such a question
paper shall be useful in testing of knowledge, skills, application, analysis,evaluation and understanding of
the students. Marks shall be awarded considering the average of two quiz examinations for every course.

Alternative Assessment Tool (AAT):

This AAT enables faculty to design own assessment patterns during the CIA. The AAT convertsthe
classroom into an effective learning center. The AAT may include tutorial hours/classes,seminars,
assignments, term paper, open ended experiments, METE (Modeling and Experimental Tools in
Engineering), five minutes video, MOOCs etc.

Table 3: Assessment pattern for AAT

Concept Video Tech-talk Open-Ended Experiment

40 % 40 % 20 %

VI. COURSE OBJECTIVES:

Students will try to learn:

I The fundamental knowledge of fluidproperties at rest, in transit for various conditions in both
closed and open channels.
II The concept of buoyancy, stability of floating bodies and the forces acting on immersed bodies
by employing the concept of pressure.
III The basic laws of continuity, energy and momentum and their governing equations.

IV Dimensionless analysis of intensive, extensive properties by basic bifurcation and similitude.

VII. COURSE OUTCOMES:

After successful completion of the course students are able to:

Knowledge Level
Course Outcomes (Bloom’s
Taxonomy)
CO1 Recallbasic principles and concepts of Fluid Mechanicsfor ascertaining Remember
differences between solids and fluids.
CO2 Classify the fluids based on Newton’s law of viscosity forquantification of Understand
shear and viscosity of an incompressible fluids.
CO3 Interpretthe principles of manometryand pressureforcomputation of gauge Understand
and differential pressures in fluids.
CO4 Make use ofhydrostatic forces and Archimedes theoryforinvestigating the Apply
point of application of force on various geometrical cross sections of
floating and immersed bodies.

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 CO5 Applythe conservation laws in differential forms forcalculatingvelocities, Apply
pressures and acceleration in a moving liquid.
CO6 Explainvelocity potential, stream functionfordefining the possibility of the Understand
flow.
CO7 Analyzefluid flow with the mass and energy equationsforinvestigating Analyze
analytical solutions of fluid flow problems.
CO8 Interpretthe law of energy and Bernoulli’s theorem for quantifying total Understand
energyof various geometrical cross sections and discharge through it.
CO9 Applythe principles of dimensional analysis for predictingthe relation Apply
between model and prototypes.
CO10 Applythe similitude conceptfor testing of engineering models. Apply

COURSE KNOWLEDGE COMPETENCY LEVELS:

VIII. HOW PROGRAM OUTCOMES ARE ASSESSED:

Proficiency
Program Outcomes Strength
Assessed by
PO 1 Engineering knowledge: Apply the knowledge of mathematics, 3 CIE / SEE
science, engineering fundamentals, and an engineering
specialization to the solution of complex engineering problems.
PO 2 Problem analysis: Identity, formulate, review research literature, 3 CIE / SEE
and analyze complex engineering problems reaching
substantiated conclusions using first principles of mathematics,
natural sciences, and engineering sciences.
PO 3 Design/development of solutions: Design solutions for complex 1 CIE / SEE
engineering problems and design system components or
processes that meet the specified needs with appropriate
consideration for the public health and safety, and the cultural,
societal, and environmental considerations.
PO 4 Conduct investigations of complex problems: Use research- 1 AAT
based knowledge and research methods including design of
experiments, analysis and interpretation of data, and synthesis of
the information to provide valid conclusions.

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 Proficiency
Program Outcomes Strength
Assessed by
PO 10 Communication: Communicate effectively on complex 3 AAT
engineering activities with the engineering community and with
society at large, such as, being able to comprehend and write
effective reports and design documentation, make effective
presentations, and give and receive clear instructions.
3 = High; 2 = Medium; 1 = Low

IX. HOW PROGRAM SPECIFIC OUTCOMES AREASSESSED:

Proficiency
Program Specific Outcomes Strength
assessed by
PSO 1 Understand, analyze, design, and supervise sub-structures and 2 AAT
superstructures for residential and public buildings, industrial
structures, irrigation structures, powerhouses, highways, railways,
airways, docks, and harbors.
3 = High; 2 = Medium; 1 = Low

X. MAPPING OF EACH CO WITH PO(s) AND PSO(s):

Program
Course Program Outcomes Specific
Outcomes Outcomes
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3

CO 1 √ - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CO 2 √ √ - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CO 3 √ √ - - - - - - - - - - √ - -

CO 4 √ - √ √ - - - - - √ - - - - -

CO 5 √ √ - √ - - - - - - - - √ - -

CO 6 √ √ - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CO 7 √ √ - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CO 8 √ √ - - - - - - - √ - - √ - -

CO 9 √ √ - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CO 10 √ - - √ - - - - - √ - - - - -

XI. JUSTIFICATIONS FOR CO – (PO, PSO) MAPPING - DIRECT:

Course POs / No. of key
Justification for mapping (Students will be able to)
Outcomes PSOs competencies
CO 1 PO 1 Recall the various properties of fluidsusing the knowledge of 3
mathematics, science and engineering fundamental.

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 Course POs / No. of key
Justification for mapping (Students will be able to)
Outcomes PSOs competencies
CO 2 PO 1 Recognize (knowledge) the importance and application 3
(apply)of dimensions, units and dimensional homogeneity in
solving(complex) engineering problems with specific emphasis
tofluid mechanics by applying the principles of mathematics,
knowledge of science and engineering fundamentals.
PO 2 Understand the given problem statement and formulatethe 4
problems related to viscous forcesfrom the provided
information and data in to interpret the results.
CO 3 PO 1 Recallthe knowledge and principles of mathematicsand 3
scientific methodology for estimating various types of
pressure in the fluids at rest and transit using fundamentals of
science.
PO 2 Identifytheproblem statement associated with the given data 3
and formulate their cause to develop the solutions using the
concept of pressure.
PSO 1 Understand the significance of pressurein the design ofWater 1
distribution system for continuous supply of potable water.
CO 4 PO 1 Make use of the principles of hydrostatic forces and 3
Archimedes using mathematical principlesand scientific
methodology and apply those results in analyzing the
behaviorof pressure distribution. (own engineering
discipline).
PO 3 Understand the principles of hydrostatic forces and 2
Archimedes to investigatepoint of application of force on
various types of floating and immersed bodies
PO 4 Understanding of Engineering principles such as hydrostatic 1
forces and Archimedes principle to apply them to analyze key
engineering process like behavior of pressure distribution in
liquids.
PO 10 Communicate clearly in form of writing assignments, 3
preparing subject matter in form of Tech Talk and five-
minute video, and maintain a profound speaking style.
CO 5 PO 1 Use the engineering and scientific principles to understand 2
the conservation laws in differential forms to determine
velocities, pressures and acceleration in a moving liquid.
PO 2 Analyzethe given information and data from the conservation 2
laws in differential forms and implementing them for
determination of various hydraulic parameters in fluid flows.
PO 4 Understanding of differential forms of conservation laws and 1
apply them to determine the solutions of engineering
problems.
PSO 1 Recall the concept of law of conservation of mass and energy 2
in designand analysis of water conveyance systemswith
environmental impact and remediation measures.
CO 6 PO 1 Use the fundamentals of engineering and science in 2
determining the possibility of flow with the help of velocity
potential and stream functions.
PO 2 Understand the concepts of velocity potential, stream function 2
to develop solutions using principles of mathematical and
Engineering science.
CO 7 PO 1 Use the fundamentals of engineering and science with the 2
mass and energy equations for determining analytical solutions
of fluid flow problems.

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 Course POs / No. of key
Justification for mapping (Students will be able to)
Outcomes PSOs competencies
PO 2 Identify the problem statementof fluid flow and 2
developsolutions associated for complex engineering problems
with mass and energy equations.
CO 8 PO 1 Use the fundamentals of engineering and sciencein the 2
determination of total energy of various geometrical cross
sections for discharge with applications of Bernoulli’s theorem.
PO 2 Analyze the complex engineering problems for real flows 4
using Bernoulli’s theorem to develop solutions for various
geometrical cross sections and validate with the experimental
design.
PO 10 Communicate clearly in form of writing assignments, 3
preparing subject matter in form of Tech Talk and 5 Minute
video, and maintain a profound speaking style
PSO 1 Analyze the procurement and construction 2
techniquesconfining to codes of practiceto design the
geometrical cross sections for various types of open channels.
CO 9 PO 1 Apply the knowledge of mathematics and science to 2
determinethe relation between unknown variables using
dimensionless analysis.
PO 2 Collect the data from complex engineering problems and 5
implement them in determining the relation between models
and prototype, interpret the results andvalidate the results
obtained through model simulation.
CO 10 PO 1 Apply the knowledge of mathematical and scienceprinciples 3
for testing of engineering modelsusing the concept of
similitude.
PO 4 Understand the principles of engineering and similitude apply 2
them in the design and testing of Engineering models.
PO 10 Communicate clearly in form of writing assignments, 3
preparing subject matter in form of Tech Talk and 5 Minute
video, and maintain a profound speaking style.

XII. TOTAL COUNT OF KEY COMPETENCIES FOR CO – (PO, PSO) MAPPING

PSOss/ No. of Vital
Program Outcomes / Number of Vital Features
Features
Course
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3
Outcomes
3 10 10 11 1 5 3 3 12 5 12 8 10 3 3

CO 1 3 - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CO 2 3 4 - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CO 3 3 4 - - - - - - - - - - 1 - -

CO 4 3 - 2 1 - - - - - 3 - - - - -

CO 5 2 2 - 1 - - - - - - - - 2 - -

CO 6 2 2 - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CO 7 2 2 - - - - - - - - - - - - -

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 PSOss/ No. of Vital
Program Outcomes / Number of Vital Features
Features
Course
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3
Outcomes
3 10 10 11 1 5 3 3 12 5 12 8 10 3 3

CO 8 2 4 - - - - - - - 3 - - 2 - -

CO 9 2 5 - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CO 10 3 - - 3 - - - - - 3 - - - - -

XIII. PERCENTAGE FOR KEY COMPETENCIES FOR CO-PO MAPPING:

PSOs/No. of Vital
Program Outcomes / Number of Vital Features
Features
Course
Outcomes 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3

3 10 10 11 1 5 3 3 12 5 12 12 10 3 3

CO 1 100 - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CO 2 100 40 - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CO 3 100 40 - - - - - - - - - - 10 - -

CO 4 100 - 20 9 - - - - - 60 - - - - -

CO 5 66.67 20 - 9 - - - - - - - - 50 - -

CO 6 66.67 20 - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CO 7 66.67 20 - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CO 8 66.67 40 - - - - - - - 60 - - 50 - -

CO 9 66.67 50 - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CO 10 100 - - 27.27 - - - - - 60 - - - - -

XIV. COURSE ARTICULATION MATRIX (CO-PO/PSO MAPPING)

COs and POs and COs and PSOs on the scale of 0 to 3, 0 being no correlation, 1 being the low
correlation, 2 being medium correlation and 3 being high correlation.
0 – 𝟎≤ 𝑪≤ 5%–No correlation; 2 − 40 % <𝑪< 60% –Moderate.
1 – 5 <𝑪≤ 40%– Low/ Slight; 3 – 60% ≤ 𝑪< 100% – Substantial /High
Program Specific
Program Outcomes
Course Outcomes
Outcomes
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3

CO 1 3 - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CO 2 3 2 - - - - - - - - - - - - -

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 Program Specific
Program Outcomes
Course Outcomes
Outcomes
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3

CO 3 3 2 - - - - - - - - - - 1 - -

CO 4 3 - 1 1 - - - - - 3 - - - - -

CO 5 3 1 - 1 - - - - - - - - 2 - -

CO 6 3 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CO 7 3 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CO 8 3 2 - - - - - - - 3 - - 2 - -

CO 9 3 2 - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CO 10 3 - - 1 - - - - - 3 - - - - -

TOTAL 30 11 1 3 - - - - - 9 - - 5 - -

AVERAGE 3 1.5 1 1 - - - - - 3 - - 3 - -

XV. ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGIES –DIRECT

PO 1, PO 2, PO 1, PO 2,
CIE Exams PO 3, PO 4, SEE Exams PO 3, PO 4, Assignments - Seminars -
PO 10 PO 10
Laboratory
- Viva–Voce - Mini Project - Certification -
Practices
Concept Open Ended
Term Paper - PO 10 Tech talk PO10 PO10
Video Experiments

XVI. ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGIES -INDIRECT

✔ Early Semester Feedback ✔ End Semester OBE Feedback

✘ Assessment of Mini Projects by Experts

XVII. SYLLABUS

MODULE –I BASIC CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS Classes: 09

Distinction between a fluid and a solid; Density, Specific weight, Specific gravity, Kinematic and
dynamic viscosity; variation of viscosity with temperature, Newton law of viscosity; Vapour pressure,
boiling point, cavitation; surface tension, capillarity, Bulk modulus of elasticity, compressibility.
MODULE –II FLUID STATICS Classes: 09
Fluid Pressure: Pressure at a point, Pascal’s law, pressure variation with temperature, density and
altitude. Piezometer, U-Tube Manometer, Single Column Manometer, U -Tube Differential Manometer,
Micro manometers. Pressure gauges, Hydrostatic pressure and force: horizontal, vertical and inclined
surfaces. Buoyancy and stability of floating bodies.

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 MODULE –III FLUID KINEMATICS Classes: 10
Classification of fluid flow: steady and unsteady flow, uniform and non-uniform flow, laminar and
turbulent flow, rotational and irrotational flow, compressible and incompressible flow, ideal and real
fluid flow-, one-, two- and three-dimensional flows.

Stream line, path line, streak line and stream tube; stream function, velocity potential function. One-,
two and three - dimensional continuity equations in Cartesian coordinates.
MODULE –IV FLUID DYNAMICS Classes: 09
Surface and body forces; Equations of motion - Euler’s equation; Bernoulli’s equation – derivation;
Energy Principle; Practical applications of Bernoulli’s equation: Venturimeter, orifice meter and pitot
tube; Momentum principle; Forces exerted by fluid flow on pipe bend; Vortex Flow – Free and Forced;
MODULE –V DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS Classes: 08
Dimensional Analysis and Dynamic Similitude - Definitions of Reynolds Number, Froude Number,
Mach Number, Weber Number and Euler Number; Buckingham’s π-Theorem.
Text Books:
1. S. Ramamrutham, “Hydraulic Fluid Mechanics and Fluid Machines”, Dhanpat Rai Publishing
Company Private Limited, 9th Edition, 2014.
2. C. S. P. Ojha, R. Berndtsson and P. N. Chadramouli, “Fluid Mechanics and Machinery”, Oxford
University Press, 2010.
3. P M Modi and S M Seth, “Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics”, Standard Book House, 2014.
Reference Books:
1. K. Subramanya, “Theory and Applications of Fluid Mechanics”, Tata McGraw Hill.
2. R.L. Daugherty, J.B. Franzini and E.J. Finnemore, “Fluid Mechanics with Engineering
Applications”, International Student Edition, Tata Mc Graw Hill.
3. Jack b. Evett, Cheng Liu, “2500 solved problems in Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulics”, MCGRAW-
HILL, INC.
Web References:
1. http://nptel.ac.in/courses/112105171/1
2. http://nptel.ac.in/courses/105101082/
3. http://nptel.ac.in/courses/112104118/ui/TOC.htm
E-Text Books:
1. http://engineeringstudymaterial.net/tag/fluid-mechanics-books/
2. http://www.allexamresults.net/2015/10/Download-Pdf-Fluid-Mechanics-and-Hydraulic-Machines-
by-rk-Bansal.html
3. http://varunkamboj.typepad.com/files/engineering-fluid-mechanics-1.pdf

XVIII. COURSE PLAN

The course plan is meant as a guideline. Probably there may be changes.
Lecture Course
Topics to be covered Reference
No Outcomes
1-2 Intrinsic and extrinsic properties of fluids, Newton law of CO 1 T1: 1.1-3
viscosity. R2:1-1.7
3–4 Vapor pressure, boiling point, cavitation, Surface tension, CO 1 T1: 2.4
capillarity, Bulk modulus of elasticity, compressibility. R2:1-1.7
T1: 2.6-14
5-6 Fluid Pressure: Pressure at a point, Pascal’s law. CO 2
R2:1-1.7

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 Lecture Course
Topics to be covered Reference
No Outcomes
T1: 2.15-20
7-8 Measurement of pressure using various mechanical gauges CO 2
R1:1-1.7
9 Single Column Manometer, U -Tube Differential Manometer, CO 2 T1: 3.1-.3
Micro manometers. R1:2-2.8
10 - 13 Hydrostatic pressure and force: horizontal, vertical and inclined CO 2 T1 – T3
surfaces, Buoyancy and stability of floating bodies. R1 - R3
14 – 17 Classification of fluid flows with respect to time, space and CO 3 T2: 6.1-5
combination of fluid flows. R1:2-2.8
18 – 20 Stream line, path line, streak line and stream tube; stream CO 3, T1: 9.1-5
function, velocity potential function. CO 4 R2:2-2.8
T1 – T3
20 - 22 Derivation of continuity equations in Cartesian coordinates. CO 4
R1 - R3
23 – 26 Surface and body forces; Equations of motion - Euler’s CO 5 T2: 9.6-7
equation. R2: 3-3.8
CO 5, T1 – T3
27 - 30 Bernoulli’s equation – derivation.
CO 6 R1 - R3
31 – 32 Practical applications of Bernoulli’s equation – Venturimeter, CO 6 T1 – T3
orifice meter, pitot tube. R1 - R3
33 - 34 Momentum principle; Forces exerted by fluid flow on pipe CO 7 T1: 10.1-5
bend; Vortex Flow – Free and Forced. R2: 4-4.8
35 - 38 Definitions of Reynolds Number, Froude Number, Mach CO 9 T1: 10.5-7
Number, Weber Number and Euler Number R2: 4-4.8
CO 9, T1: 10.7
39 – 40 Methods of Dimensional Analysis
CO 10 R2: 4-4.8
Problem Solving
41 – 42 Numerical problems on intrinsic and extrinsic properties of CO 1 T1: 11.1-7
fluids. R2: 11-11.10
T4: 2.1 -2.2
43 - 44 Problem solving on Pascal’s law, pressure measuring devices. CO 3
R2: 13-13.7
44 – 46 Analytical problems on force exerted by fluid on horizontal, CO 4, T4: 2.3 -2.6
inclined, curved immersed bodies. CO 5 R2: 13-13.7
T4: 2.7 - 2.9
47 - 50 Problems on Continuity equation CO 6
R2: 13-13.7
51 – 52 Numerical problems on Bernoulli’s equation and its CO 8 T4: 3.8 -3.10
applications. R2: 19&20
T4: 4.1 - 4.6
53 – 55 Numerical problems on methods of dimensional analysis CO 10
R2: 19&20
Tutorial Question bank
T1: 11.1-7
56 Basic concepts and definitions CO 1
R2: 11-11.10
T4: 2.1 -2.2
57 Fluid statics CO 3
R2: 13-13.7
CO 4, T4: 2.3 -2.6
58 Fluid kinematics
CO 5 R2: 13-13.7
T4: 2.7 - 2.9
59 Fluid dynamics CO 6
R2: 13-13.7
T4: 3.8 -3.10
60 Dimensional analysis CO 8
R2: 19&20

Prepared by:
Mr. Ch.V. S. S. Sudheer, Assistant Professor HOD, CE

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