SECURITY MANAGEMENT

SECURITY - a state or condition of being secured; there is freedom from fear, harm, danger, loss,
destruction or damages

SECURITY MANAGEMENT – It is the totality of utilizing available resources to secure and keep safe the
organization.

Major Areas:

A. Physical Security- this concern with the physical measures adopted to prevent unauthorized access to
equipment, facilities, material and document and to safeguard them against espionage, sabotage,
damage, loss and theft.

B. Personnel Security- this is as important as physical security. Personnel security starts even before the
hiring of an employee and remains to be maintained for as long as the person is employed.

C. Document and Information Security- this involves the protection of documents and classified papers
from loss, access by unauthorized persons, damage, theft and compromise through disclosure.

Types of Security:

1. Industrial Security – a type of security applied to business groups engaged in industries like
manufacturing, assembling, research and development, processing, warehousing and even agriculture.

2. Hotel Security - a type of security applied to hotels where its properties are protected from pilferage,
loss, damage and the function in the hotel restaurants are not disturbed and troubled by outsiders or
the guest themselves. This type of security employs house detective, uniformed guard and supervisor
and insures that hotel guests and their personal effects are safeguarded.

3. Bank security - this type of security is concern with bank operations. Its main objective is the
protection of bank cash and assets, its personnel and clientele. Security personnel are trained to
safeguard bank and assets while in storage, in transit and during transactions.

4. VIP Security - a type of security applied for the protection of top-ranking officials of the government
or private entity, visiting persons of illustrious standing and foreign dignitaries.

5. School Security - a type of security that is concern with the protection of students, faculty members,
and school properties. Security personnel are trained to protect the school property from theft, vandals,
handling campus riots and detecting the use of intoxicated drugs and alcohol by the students.

6. Supermarket or Mall Security- a type of security which is concern with the protection of the stores,
warehouses, storage, its immediate premises and properties as well as the supermarket personnel and
customers. Security personnel are trained to detect “shoplifter”, robbery, and bomb detection and
customer relation.

7. Other Special Types of Security

a. Airport Security
b. Communication Security

c. Mining Security

d. Agricultural Security

e. Transportation Security

PHYSICAL SECURITY

BARRIER - Any structure or physical device capable of restricting, deterring, delaying, illegal access to an
installation.

Types of Barriers

1. Natural barriers - it includes bodies of waters, mountains, marshes, ravines, deserts or other terrain
that are difficult to traverse.

2. Structural barriers - these are features constructed by man regardless of their original intent that
tends to delay the intruder. Examples are walls, doors, windows, locks, fences, safe, cabinets or
containers etc.

3. Human barriers - persons being used in providing a guarding system or by the nature of their
employment and location, fulfill security functions. Examples are guards, office personnel, shop workers,
etc.

4. Animal barriers - animals are used in partially providing a guarding system. Dogs are usually trained
and utilized to serve as guard dogs. German shepherds are best suited for security functions. Goose and
turkeys could also be included.

5. Energy barriers - it is the employment of mechanical, electrical, electronic energy imposes a deterrent
to entry by the potential intruder or to provide warning to guard personnel. These are protective
lighting, alarm system and any electronic devices used as barriers.

Three Line of Physical Defense

1. First line of Defense - perimeter fences/ barriers

2. Second line of defense - doors, floors, windows, walls, roofs and grills and other entries to the
buildings

3. Third line of defense - storage system like steel cabinets, safes, vaults and interior files.

Restricted Areas – Any area in which personnel or vehicles are controlled for reasons of security.

Types:

1. Exclusion Area – It contains a security interest of Top Secret importance, hence it requires highest
degree of protection.
2. Limited Area Control – A lesser degree is required, however if security interest would be
compromised by uncontrolled movement.

PERIMETER BARRIER

Types of Perimeter Barrier

1. Fences

a. Solid fence- it is constructed in such a way that visual access through the fence is denied.

b. Full-view fence- it is constructed in such away that visual access is permitted through the fence. Types
of Full-View Fence

1) Chain link fence

It must be constructed of 7 feet material excluding top guard.

It must be of 9 gauge or heavier.

2) Barbed wire fence

Standard barbed wire is twisted, double-strand, 12-gauge wire with 4 point barbs spaces in an equal
distance apart.

Barbed wire fencing should not be less than 7 feet high excluding top guard.

Barbed wire fencing must be firmly affixed to posts not more than 6 feet apart.

3) Concertina wire fence

Standard concertina barbed wire is commercially manufactured wire coil of high strength steel barbed

wire clipped together at intervals to form a cylinder.

Opened concertina wire is 50 feet long and 3 feet in diameter.

Perimeter Barrier Opening

1. Gates and Doors- When not in use and controlled by guards, gates and doors in the perimeter should
be locked and frequently inspected by guards. Locks should be changed from time to time and should be
covered under protective locks and key control.

2. Side-walk-elevators- these provide access to areas within the perimeter barrier and should be locked
and guarded.
3. Utilities Opening- Sewers, air intakes, exhaust tunnels and other utility openings which penetrate the
barrier and which have cross sectional areas of 96 square inches or more should be protected by bars,
grills, water filled traps or other structural means providing equivalent protection to that portion of the
perimeter barriers.

4. Clear Zones- an obstructed area or a “clear zone” should be maintained on both sides of the
perimeter barrier. A clear zone of 20 feet or more is desirable between the barriers and exterior
structures and natural covers that may provide concealment for assistance to a person seeking
unauthorized entry.

Additional Protective Measures

1. Top Guard- additional overhang of barbed wire placed on vertical perimeter fences facing upward and
outward with

a 45-degree angle with 3 to 4 strands of barbed wires spaced 6 inches apart. This increases the
protective height and prevents easy access.

2. Guard Control stations - this is normally provided at main perimeter entrances to secure areas located
out-of-doors, and manned by guards on full-time basis. Sentry station should be near a perimeter for
surveillance at the entrance.

3. Tower Guard - this is a house-like structure above the perimeter barriers. The higher the tower, the
more visibility it provides. It gives a psychological unswerving effect to violators. By and large guard
towers, whether permanent or temporary, must have a corresponding support force in the event of
need. Towers as well as guard control stations should have telephones, intercoms, and if possible two-
way radios connected to security headquarters or office to call for reserves in the event of need.

4. Barrier Maintenance - Fencing barriers and protective walls should always be regularly inspected by
security. Any sign or attempts to break in should be reported for investigation. Destruction of fence or
sections thereof should be repaired immediately and guard vigilance should be increased.

5. Protection in Depth - In large open areas or ground where fencing or walling is impractical and
expensive, warning signs should be conspicuously placed. The depth itself is protection Reduction of
access roads, and sufficient notices to warn intruders should be done. Use of animals as guards and
intrusion device can also be good as barriers.

6. Signs and notices - “ Control signs” should be erected where necessary in the management of
unauthorized ingress to preclude accidental entry. Signs should be plainly visible and legible from any
approach and in an understood language or dialect.
GUARD FORCE AND GUARD SYSTEM

R.A. 5487 – An act governing the organization and management of Private Security Agencies, Company
Guard Forces and

Government Security Forces. This private security agency law signed on June 13, 1969.

License – no person shall engage in the business of or act as a private detective agency or engage in the
occupation, calling or

employment of security personnel or in the business of private security/training agency without first
securing the permit

from the Chief, PNP which permit as approved is prerequisite in obtaining a license certificate.

New applicants for license to operate shall be required to obtain:

- 1 million as a minimum capital

- 500 thousand as a minimum bank deposit – Purpose: Serves as insurance for clients and security
personnel

Membership –

a. Private Security Agency – minimum of 200 licensed personnel

b. Company Guard Force/ Private Detective Agency – minimum of 30 licensed personnel

c. Maximum number of personnel to all kind of agencies is 1000 personnel.

Security Guard Defined- sometimes called private security guard or watchman shall include any person
who offers or renders personal service to watch or secure either a residence or business establishment
or both for hire or compensation, and with a license to exercise profession.

Security Guard Force- is a group of force selected men, trained or grouped into functional unit for the
purpose of protecting operational processes from those disruption which would impede efficiency or
halt operation at a particular plant, facility, installation or special activity.