Background of The Country
Background of The Country
Background of The Country
Justin Ortega
Renan Bandola
Objectives
This paper aims to know how the Canadian police organizations function and to
compare the policing system of Canada and the Philippines.
Canada is a North American country. Its 10 provinces and three territories stretch
from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean, encompassing a
total area of 9.98 million square kilometers (3.85 million square miles), making it the
world's second-largest country by total area. Its southern and western border with the
United States is the world's longest binational land border, reaching 8,891 kilometers
(5,525 miles). Ottawa is the country's capital, and Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver are
its three major cities.
For thousands of years, indigenous peoples have lived in what is now Canada.
British and French expeditions began exploring and settling along the Atlantic coast in
the 16th century. In 1763, France ceded practically all of its colonies in North America
as a result of several armed battles. Canada was established as a federal dominion
comprising four provinces in 1867, following the Confederation of three British North
American colonies. This marked the start of the accretion of provinces and territories, as
well as a gradual increase in autonomy from the United Kingdom. The Statute of
Westminster of 1931 emphasized this growing autonomy, which culminated in the
Canada Act of 1982, which ended the last vestiges of legal dependency on the United
Kingdom's Parliament.
POLICE AGENCY
Canada’s earliest legal traditions can be traced to both France and England.
Quebec City followed the early models of French cities and created a watchman system
in 1651.Upper Canada, later renamed Ontario, adopted English traditions and
established both a constabulary and a watch-and-ward system. The English system
was imposed on French areas after 1759. Using England’s Metropolitan Police Act as a
model, Toronto created a police department in 1835, and Quebec City and Montreal
followed suit in 1838 and 1840, respectively. In 1867 provincial police forces were
established for the vast rural areas in eastern Canada.
Furthermore, in 1873, the North West Mounted Police (later renamed the Royal
Canadian Mounted Police [RCMP]) was formed to police the western plains. The
original 300 officers were initially tasked with eliminating incursions by whiskey-trading
Americans who were inciting Canadian Indians (now known as First Nations) to
violence, and the force later spearheaded efforts to make the Canadian frontier an
integral part of Canada. It fought prairie fires, disease, and destitution in the new
settlements while also protecting immigrants. The Canadian mounted police marked a
significant departure from Anglo-Saxon policing traditions. They operated more like a
military organization than a traditional police force, with similar organizational, style, and
method to the models of France and Ireland. Strong leadership ensured that they
operated with restraint and within Canadian political traditions.
Canada has several types of police safeguarding the country. They have RCMP
for federal laws and provide policing services in all territories and most provinces. The
Ontario, Quebec, Newfoundland, and Labrador have provincial police forces. Also, most
cities and large towns have their own municipal police forces.
The Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP), Canada’s national police force, is
unique in the world as a combined international, federal, provincial and municipal
policing body. The Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) is the Canadian national
police service and an agency of the Public Safety. Currently, The Royal Canadian
Mounted Police (RCMP) delivers the enforcement of law and investigation services in
relation to federal statutes, criminal investigation, technology and support services for
the broader police community, international policing duties and Contract policing
services across eight provinces (excluding Ontario and Québec) and three territories,
with around 200 municipalities and 600 Aboriginal communities, as needed.
Lastly, any complaints from the public against the enforcers will be heard by the
Commission for Public Complaints against the RCMP, where they review and
investigate these complaints in an open, independent and objective manner. This help
people protect themselves from officers who abuses their power.
Organizational Chart
b. RECRUITMENT PROCESS
Potential candidates must meet the minimum requirements before beginning the
application process. The following list of application requirements applies to most police
agencies in Canada:
Potential candidates must go through a strict application process designed to weed out
those who lack the necessary skills to become outstanding police officers
Police officers assist in the maintenance of peace and order as well as the safety of
community members. This position has a great deal of responsibility. It is not for
everyone to go through the application process.
Canadian police agencies generally follow the same process which involves a series of
tests, checks and interviews, including:
A written exam
Physical exams
A psychological exam
Medical exams
A polygraph exam
A background investigation
Some of these tests require detailed paperwork but minimal preparation. For some
tests, like the physical tests, you would be best prepared if you did a fitness training
program, prior to, depending on your fitness level. Other tests, like the polygraph exam,
require no preparation at all. Applicants can be turned down at any stage of the
process, and even if they pass all of them, an offer of employment is not guaranteed.
Once you have completed all assessments, your entire application package is reviewed
and measured against other applicants to determine the most suitable candidates for
the role as a police officer. In addition, if you are selected, you will be given a
conditional offer of employment, allowing you to proceed to the final phase in the
process of becoming a police officer: cadet training. The training programs are
strenuous, both physically and mentally. It’s a good idea to start preparing for police
academy training as far in advance as possible the training programs are physically and
mentally demanding. Starting to prepare for police academy training as early as feasible
is a smart idea. These programs are designed to prepare you for a career in law
enforcement by equipping you with the skills and tools you'll need on the job. To
graduate from training and finish this final step in the process, trainees must meet a
series of requirements.
RANK CLASSIFICATION
Roya
l
Canadia
n
Mounted
Deputy Chief
Police[4] Commission Assistant Superinten
commissi superinte Inspector
er commissioner dent
v oner ndent
t
e Sous- Surintend
Commissair Commissaire Surintenda
commiss ant Inspecteur
e adjoint nt
aire principal
Slip on
rank
slides
Constable Dep
Non-commissioned officers
s ot
Ro No
yal insignia
Canadi
an
Mounte Corps Staff Staff
d Sergea Corpora Cad
sergeant sergean serge Sergeant Constable
Police[4 major nt major t major ant
l et
]
Slip on
rank
slides
Bran
ch
Ra Chief Dep She She
Superint Inspec serg Serg Sheriff I Sher
nk sherif uty riff riff
endent tor eant eant II FTO iff I
s f chief III II
majo
r
Ins No No
ign insi insi
ia gnia gnia
EQUIPMENT
Lastly, the quantity and diversity of equipment carried by police officers naturally
depend on the financial resources allocated to police forces. North American police
forces are generally better equipped than police forces in most other parts of the world;
indeed, their equipment levels tend to be treated as benchmarks that other forces try to
meet. Nevertheless, with the important exception of firearms, police equipment
throughout the world is becoming increasingly standardized
BEST PRACTICES
CONCLUSION
The police organizations of Canada same with the police organization of the
Philippines are responsible in keeping the public safe and preventing crime. Both
countries performs simple yet effective actions such as patrolling areas by car or in foot
to monitor public places, investigate unlawful acts, and responding emergencies such
as crimes, accidents and natural disasters.
Moreover, Canadian police who are accused of abuse of power accused of
committing crime, exceeding their limitations under the law or acting in a way that
contravenes the police codes of conduct will be heard and investigated by the
Commission of Public Complaints. Similarly, the Office of the Ombudsman in the
Philippines under the Republic Act No. 6770, Ombudsman Act of 1989 investigates and
prosecutes any public officer or employees who are accused of any illegal, unjust, or
improper acts. The Ombudsman same with the Canada’s Commission on Public
Complaints is independent, free and impartial who don’t take sides and will provide
justice to the public.
This paper also concludes that Canadian officers have basic useful equipment’s
for their uniformed personnel. Law enforcers have basic yet important equipment used
both for crime prevention and for emergency purposes such as first-aid kits, nebulizer,
defibrillator, and in their patrol cars, they also carry a portable breath analyzer for testing
drivers who may be intoxicated. Same with the Philippines, officers are trained and
equipped with this basic equipment’s to ensure public safety especially to detect
motorists who are driving under the influence of alcohol.
Lastly, Canada’s policing system are not quite different with the Philippine
policing system. Both countries empower their policing through effective enforcement of
laws and balance use of public power and government.
Reference:
https://www.educanada.ca/study-plan-etudes/before-avant/about-canada-a-
propos.aspx?lang=eng
https://www.britannica.com/topic/police/The-development-of-police-in-Canada
https://paladinsecurity.com/law-enforcement-careers/become-police-officer-
canada/#section4
https://www.britannica.com/topic/police/Equipment-and-tactics
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Police_ranks_in_Canada#Royal_Canadian_Mounted
_Police