This Study Resource Was: NAME: Vince A. Valencia Subject/Section: Riph Bsme 1B DATE: MARCH 3, 2021

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NAME: Vince A.

Valencia
SUBJECT/SECTION: RIPH BSME 1B
DATE: MARCH 3, 2021 SCORE

MODULE 4
Self-assessment 1
True or False. Write true if the statement is true. Otherwise, write false in the space provided.
FALSE 1. The 1935 Commonwealth Constitution was a result of the passage in the United States Congress of the Hare-Hawes
Cutting Act.
FALSE 2. The Philippine Commonwealth was interrupted by the Cold War.
TRUE 3. Before 1973, the constitution in effect in the Philippines was the 1935 Constitution.
TRUE 4. Landownership in the Philippines during the Spanish colonial period was a great source of hatred and resentment
among the Filipinos.

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FALSE 5. The American period ushered in a great improvement in landownership in the country.

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TRUE 6. Agrarian reform under the dictator Ferdinand Marcos was a failure.

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Self-assessment 2
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Answer the following questions on the spaces provided.
1. Why is a constitution considered as the “highest expression of the law”?
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➢ Well, as we all know that the Constitution of any country is the supreme and fundamental law of the land.
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Any act contradicted with the constitution will ipso facto be void. The Constitution is a document that includes guidelines
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for the government, protects the fundamental rights of a citizen, and encapsulates society’s aspirational goals. The
constitution is known as the supreme law of the land because no central, state or local government can intervene with the
rights, duties, privileges, laws, and regulations as mentioned in the Constitution. The constitution is the source of law. All
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laws passed will have to articulate and comply with the required principle set out in the Constitution. No legislation can
make a law and no government agency can act contrary to the constitution. The Constitution coordinates the whole
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government process in the country. The judiciary is obligated to see that the provisions of the constitution are not violated
by any government organ. Hence, the constitution is the main source of all law, no can the law be enacted, implemented
being contradicted with the Constitution. Constitution is the fundamental and Supreme Law. If any act is done against the
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constitution, it shall ipso facto be void or null.


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2. How important is the Malolos Republic Constitution with regard to the ideas and provisions that it introduced?
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➢ The Malolos constitution is the first important Filipino document ever produced by the people's
representatives. It is anchored in democratic traditions that ultimately had their roots in American soil. It created a Filipino
state whose government was "popular, representative and responsible" with three distinct branches -- the executive, the
legislative and the judicial. The constitution specifically provided for safeguards against abuses, and enumerated the
national and individual rights not only of the Filipinos and of the aliens. The legislative powers were exercised by the
Assembly of Representatives composed of delegates elected according to law. To make the function of Congress
continuous, the document provided for a Permanent Commission which would sit as a law-making body when Congress
was not in session. The assembly elected the President of the Republic. The Cabinet, composed of the Secretaries of the
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different Departments of the government, was responsible not to the President, but to the Assembly. The administration of
justice was vested in the Supreme Court and in inferior courts to be established according to law. The Chief Justice of the
Supreme Court was to be elected by the Assembly with the concurrence of the President and the Cabinet. The
constitution as a whole is a monument to the capacity of the Filipinos to chart their own course along democratic lines. In
a period of storm and stress, it symbolized the ideals of a people who had emerged from the Dark Ages into the Light of
Reason.
3. In the drafting of the Malolos Republic Constitution. In your opinion, why was this issue controversial at that time?
➢ The most contentious issue in the Revolutionary Congress that crafted the 1899 Malolos Constitution pertained
to the separation of church and state, which won by a mere one vote. Until now this episode in Philippine history has not
received a satisfactory explanation, which this article seeks to offer. The debate in Malolos, as argued here, was
profoundly divisive because the two sides were driven by differing visions of national community. A crucial point was the
Filipinization of the Catholic Church, which the proponents of church–state unity championed and which their opponents
sidestepped. Even as the debate raged, however, Aguinaldo’s revolutionary government acted on the church–state issue
out of political expediency. In the end, the issue that Filipino elites could not resolve was settled by US colonialism, which
imposed church–state separation without Filipinization.

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Self-assessment Task 3

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Answer the following questions below.

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1. Despite not having fora education, Macli-ing was considered as one of the most influential people in the Cordillera. What are
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the lessons that the Great Macli-ing left to the Cordilleran Generation?
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➢ The lesson that great Macli-ing Dulag had left to the Cordilleran generation of today is the courage and defiance of
the Igorot people who are not afraid to die in preserving their most valuable culture and land. The man who fought for his
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land and his people against a giant who wanted to destroy their way of life. The man who despite not having a formal
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education was able to unite warring tribes to oppose a dam project that will ultimately wipe out their entire village. The
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man who was not afraid to die on behalf of his people's right to preserve their culture and tradition.
2. What are the political/social/environmental issues today that are comparable to the story of Macli-ing Dulag and the
government?
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➢ Globally, Indigenous Peoples’ dissent against unjust state and corporate incursions in their lands is being
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suppressed. States and corporations use penal laws, anti-terrorist legislation, and emergency powers to justify the
detention of activists, who are subject to intimidation, human rights violations, or, at worst, extrajudicial killings. In 2019,
the Philippines was named the most murderous country for environmental defenders; yet the literature about Indigenous
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Peoples’ dissent in the country, where militarization of ancestral domains has been a continuing state project, remains
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scant—in contrast to extensive academic attention in other places particularly in the Americas. Macli-ing Dulag story tells
us the situation of Philippine Indigenous Peoples in terms of political, social and environmental cited above.
3. What is the importance of land and heritage to the Cordilleran people?
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➢ Indigenous People have been accorded with certain set of rights, one of which includes their rights to their land. n
set of rights, one of which includes their rights to their land. This may be individual or collective. The land is the most
imperative asset of the IPs. Most of them establish their homes in forest areas and they depend on the natural resources
that surround them as it supplies their daily needs. Gathering of forest products, hunting, fishing, and establishments of
small gardens are their types of livelihood. They are interrelated with the land and all things that are found therein. They
consider their land as sacred as as shown by their rituals that are connected to it. Due to the foregoing, for them, losing
land means losing everything - their identity, integrity, customs and traditions, rituals, and self-determination. That is why
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what is more significant to them is the protection, sustainability, control, and responsible use of the natural resources
rather than the direct ownership of the land itself. Yet to guarantee their access to these resources, land ownership is a
must.

Self-assessment Task 4
Make a data chart on the impact of Covid-19, a worldwide pandemic on the different aspect of human around the globe
Life aspect Impact of Covid-19

Political The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted politics, both


international and domestic, by affecting the governing &
political systems of multiple countries, causing suspensions of
legislative activities, isolation or deaths of multiple politicians
and rescheduling of elections due to fears of spreading the
virus. The pandemic has triggered broader debates about
political issues such as the relative advantages of democracy
and autocracy, how states respond to crises, politicization of
beliefs about the virus, and the adequacy of existing
frameworks of international cooperation. Additionally, the

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pandemic has, in some cases, posed several challenges to

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democracy, leading to it being fatally undermined and

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damaged.

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Economy The COVID-19 pandemic has caused direct impacts on

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income due to premature deaths, workplace absenteeism, and
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shock, with manufacturing productive activity slowing down
due to global supply chain disruptions and closures of
factories. In addition to the impact on productive economic
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activities, consumers typically changed their spending


behavior, mainly due to decreased income and household
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finances, as well as the fear and panic that accompany the


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epidemic. Service industries such as tourism, hospitality, and


transportation have suffered significant losses due to
reduction in travel.
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Social The COVID-19 outbreak affects all segments of the population


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and is particularly detrimental to members of those social


groups in the most vulnerable situations, continues to affect
populations, including people living in poverty situations, older
persons, persons with disabilities, youth, and indigenous
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peoples. Early evidence indicates that that the health and


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economic impacts of the virus are being borne


disproportionately by poor people. Just like, homeless people,
because they may be unable to safely shelter in place, are
highly exposed to the danger of the virus. People without
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access to running water, refugees, migrants, or displaced


persons also stand to suffer disproportionately both from the
pandemic and its aftermath – whether due to limited
movement, fewer employment opportunities, increased
xenophobia etc.
Environmental The COVID-19 pandemic situation significantly improves air
quality in different cities across the world, reduces GHGs
emission, lessens water pollution and noise, and reduces the
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pressure on the tourist destinations, which may assist with the
restoration of the ecological system. In addition, there are also
some negative consequences of COVID-19, such as increase
of medical waste, haphazard use and disposal of
disinfectants, mask, and gloves; and burden of untreated
wastes continuously endangering the environment.

Conclusion
COVID-19 has heightened human suffering, undermined the economy, turned the lives of billions of people around the globe
upside down, and significantly affected the health, economic, environmental and social domains. It has rapidly affected our day-to-
day life, businesses, disrupted the world trade and movements. Identification of the disease at an early stage is vital to control the
spread of the virus because it very rapidly spreads from person to person. Most of the countries have slowed down their
manufacturing of the products. The various industries and sectors are affected by the cause of this disease; these include the
pharmaceuticals industry, solar power sector, tourism, Information and electronics industry. This virus creates significant knock-on
effects on the daily life of citizens, as well as about the global economy and political aspects.

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SIGNATURE OVER PRINTED NAME

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