Question Bank On Kinematics: Class - Xi Physics
Question Bank On Kinematics: Class - Xi Physics
Question Bank On Kinematics: Class - Xi Physics
( 2 mark questions)
Q1-If in case of motion displacement is directly proportional to the square of time elapsed, what do you
think about its acceleration' Explain ,why?
Q3 An object is moving with constant velocity v along a straight line. What will be the shape of
displacement-time graph if
Q4 The minutes hand of a wall clock is 10 cm long. Find its displacement and the distance covered from
12.00 noon to 12.30pm
Q5 A particle is thrown upwards. It attains a height h after 5 s and again after 9 s. What is the speed of
the particle at height h?
P and ⃗
Q6 Find the angle between two vectors ⃗ Q if resultant of two vectors is given by R2=P2 +Q2 .
Q7 One of the rectangular components of a velocity of 60km/h is 30 km/h.Find the other rectangular
component.
Q8 A car travels 20 km due north and then 35km in a direction 60 o west of north. Find the magnitude
and direction of resultant displacement of the car.
^ 4 ^j +7 k^ .
A=3 i+
Q9 Find a unit vector parallel to the vector ⃗
Q10 Show that the maximum horizontal range of a projectile is four times the corresponding maximum
height.
Q11 A train is moving due east with a velocity of 60km/h and a car is running due north with a velocity
of 60km/h.What is the observed velocity of the car as felt by a passenger in the train.
Q12 Prove that A= I - 2J AND B=2i + j are mutually perpendicular to each other.
Q13 A swimmer can swim with velocity of 10 km/h with respect the water floing in a river with
velocity of 5km/h. In what direction should he swim to reach the point on the other bank just opposite
to hi starting point.?
QA14 Earth moves in circular orbit around the sun once every year with an orbital radius of 1,5x10 11 m.
Q15 Define uniform circular motion. Is it an accelerated motion ? If yes ,what is the direction of the
acceleration?
( 3 mark questions)
Q.1 A ball is thrown vertically upward with a velocity of 20m/sec from top of a multistoried building. The
height of a point from where the ball is thrown is 25 m from the ground. (i) how high the ball will rise?
(ii) How long will it be before the ball hit the ground?
Q 2. show that the area under velocity –time graph of an object moving with constant acceleration in a
straight line in a certain time interval is equal to the distance covered by the object in that interval.
Q 3. use integration technique to prove that the distance travelled in nth second,
a
Snth = u+ (2 n−1)
2
Q 4. Define centripetal acceleration. Derive an expression for the centripetal acceleration of a particle
moving with uniform speed v along a circular path of radius r. Discuss the direction of this acceleration.
Q 5. A man can swim with a speed of 4km/h in a still water. How long does he take to cross the river
1km wide, if the river flows steadily at 3km/h and he makes his stroke normal to the water current? How
far from the river does he go, when he reaches the other bank?
Q6.A stone is tied to the end of a string 80cm along is whirled in a horizontal circle with a constant
speed. If the stone makes14 revolutions in 25 secs, what is the magnitude and direction of a acceleration
of the stone?
P and ⃗
Q7. The resultant of two vectors ⃗ Q is perpendicular to ⃗
P and its magnitude is half that of ⃗
Q.
What is the angle between vectors ⃗P and ⃗
Q?
Q8.Draw Velocity time graph for uniformly accelerated motion . Show that slope of velocity v time graph
gives acceleration of the body.
Q9.Define relative velocity of one object w.r.t another object draw position time graphs for two objects
moving along straight line when their relative velocity is (i) Zero (ii) Positive (iii) Negative.
Q10. Two balls are thrown simultaneously , A vertically upward with speed of 20 m/s from the ground
,and B vertically downwards form a height of 40m with the same speed and along the same line of
motion .At what points do the two balls collide? G= 9.8 m/s 2 .
(5 mark questions)
Q.1Define relative velocity. Explain in detail the concept of relative velocity. Four particles A,B,C &D are
situated at the corners of a square ABCD of side ‘ a’ at t=0. Each of the particle moves with constant
speed v. A always has its velocity along AB, B along BC, C along CD and D along DA. At what time will the
particles meet each other?
Q.2 What do you mean by a projectile? Show that the path of a projectile is always parabolic in nature.
For a projectile thrown at an angle ‘Ɵ’ with hprozontal and velocity u, find:
i) Time of flight
Q3. (a)Derive the following Equations of motion for uniformly accelerated motion from velocity time
graph.
Q 4(a)What is resolution of vectors. Explain the phenomena of pedaling of bicycle with the help of
resolution of vectors.
(b) Find the angle of projection for which horizontal range and max. height are equal.
(b) Find the resultant of two equal vectors if their resultant is equal to either of the two.
m1 T1 m2 T2 m3
Three blocks are connected as shown above and are on a horizontal frictionless table. They are pulled to
right with a force F=50 N . if m1= 5kg , m2=10kg and m3=15kg, calculate tensions T1 and T2.
Questions carrying 5 marks
46. (a) Define impulse. State its S.I. unit?
(b) State and prove impulse-momentum theorem?
47. Derive an expression for the apparent weight of a person in a lift when (a) the lift is moving up with
acceleration (b) moving down with acceleration (c) moving up with acceleration (d) moving down with
deceleration (e) moving up or down with constant velocity.
48. What is Banking of roads? Derive an expression for the maximum possible speed on a road of
banking angle Θ and coefficient of friction µ between the roads and the tyres.
49. (a) An object is moving on a circular path in horizontal plane. Radius of path is constant and speed is
v. Deduce expression for centripetal acceleration.
(b) Obtain an expression for the centripetal force required to make a body of mass m, moving with a
velocity v around a circular path of radius r.
50 (a). Find an expression for velocity of recoil of gun.(b)A hunter has a machine gun that can fire 50g
bullets with a velocity of 150ms-1. A 60kg tiger springs at him with a velocity of 10 ms -1. How many
bullets must the hunter fire into the target so as to stop him in his track?
51. (a). Define angle of friction and coefficient of friction.
(b). A bullet of mass 0.01kg is fired horizontally into a 4kg wooden block at rest on a horizontal surface.
The coefficient of kinetic friction between the block and the surface is 0.25. The bullet remains
embedded in the block and the combination moves 20m before coming to rest. With what speed did the
bullet strike the block?
1 MARK QUESTIONS:
1. Show that work may be expressed as scalar product of force and displacement.
2. What is the work done by centripetal force? Explain?
3. Calculate the work done by a car against gravity in moving along a straight highway. The mass of
the car is 400 Kg and the distance moved is 2 m.
4. Show that the instantaneous power is given by dot product of force and velocity?
5. A body is moved along a closed loop. Is the work done in moving the body necessarily Zero? If
not, state the conditions under which the work done over a closed path is always Zero?
6. Find expression for Gravitational potential energy of mass m situated at a height h from the
surface of earth?
7. Calculate the power of a motor which is capable of raising 2000 L of water in 5 min from a well
120 m deep.
8. Two bodies of unequal masses have same linear momentum. Which one have greater K.E. and
why?
9. Define atomic mass unit. Find its value?
10. Express a light year in terms of astronomical unit.
11. Give the correctness of relation v2 – u2 = 2as by method of dimension.
12. What are random errors? How is their effect eliminated?
13. What do we mean by absolute error and relative error of a measurement?
14. The radius of a solid sphere is measured to be 11.24 cm. What is the surface area of the sphere
to appropriate significant figure?
15. Find the Dimensional formula of (a) Gravitational Constant (b) Plank Constant
1. Describe the parallax method to measure the distance of a planet from the earth.
2. Time period (T) of the simple pendulum may depend upon its mass m, length l and acceleration
due to gravity g . Find an expression for time period T by method of Dimension.
3. A steel ball of radius r is allowed to fall under gravity through a viscous liquid of coefficient of
viscosity ἠ. After some time the ball attains a constant velocity v. The terminal velocity depends
upon (a) weight of the ball mg (b) the coefficient of viscosity ἠ (c) the radius of the ball r. By
method of dimension determine the relation expressing relative velocity.
4. A small bucket containing water is rotating in a vertical circle. Obtain a expression for minimum
speed of bucket so that the water does not spill even at the highest point during its motion in a
vertical circle.
5. By the method of dimensions, find the value of acceleration of 8 m/s 2 in to km/hr2.
6. Define elastic and inelastic collisions. A bullet is fired into a block of wood. It gets totally
embedded in it and the system moves together as one entity. State what happens to the initial
kinetic energy and linear momentum of the bullet.
7. Prove that in an elastic collision in one dimension, the relative velocity of approach before
impact is equal to the relative velocity of separation after impact.
8. Prove that the total mechanical energy of a freely falling body is always constant. Draw a graph
showing variation of P.E., K.E. and total energy.
9. Show that the coefficient of restitution for one dimensional elastic collision is equal to 1.
10. A bullet of mass 20 g is moving with speed of 150 m/s. It strikes a target and is brought to rest
after piercing 10 cm in to it. Calculate the average force of resistance offered by the target.
FIVE MARK QUESTIONS:
1. State the principle of conservation of energy and show that this principle is valid in case of a
freely falling body.
2. What is two dimensional elastic collision? Discuss collision of two bodies in two dimensions.
Deduce from it the velocities of bodies in one dimension.
3. What is the difference between work and energy?
An electric motor is used to lift an elevator and its load (1500 kg) to a height of 20 m. the time
taken for the job is 20. The efficiency of the motor is 75%.
(a) What is the work done
(b) What is the rate at which the work is done?
(c) At what rate is the energy supplied to the motor?
4. (a)Two blocks of wood A and B are coupled by a spring. They are placed on a frictionless table.
The spring is stretched and released. Show the following relation K.E of A /K.E. of B =M B / MA
(b) A ball is dropped from rest from a height of 12 m. If it loses 25% of K.E. on striking the
ground, What is the height to which it bounces?
5. What do we mean by conservative and neoconservative forces? Explain the various properties
of conservative force and show that gravitational force is a conservative force.
SECTION: A (1 MARK)
1
drawn from a point and the area of parallelogram is AB.
2
15. Which component of linear momentum does not contribute to angular momentum?
16. A disc of metal is melted and recast in the form of solid sphere. What will happen to the moment of
inertia about a vertical axis passing through the centre?
17. What is rotational analogue of mass of body?
18. What are factors on which moment of inertia depend upon?
19. Is radius of gyration of a body constant quantity?
20. Is the angular momentum of a system always conserved? If no, under what condition is it
conserved?
SECTION: B (2 MARKS)
1. A body projected into space explodes. What will be the nature of path of its core?
2. How does a diver manage to make somersaults in air?
3. A disc of mass M and radius R is rotating with angular velocity ω. If gently, two masses ‘m’ are
placed at a distance R/2 on either side of the axis, what will be its angular velocity?
4. What is the angular momentum with the projectile when it is at the highest point about an axis
through the point of projection?
5. Can a body in translatory motion have angular momentum? Explain.
6. Two circular discs A & B of the same mass and same thickness are made of two different metals
whose densities are ‘dA’ and ‘dB’ (dA> dB). Their moments of inertia about the axis passing
through their centres of gravity and perpendicular to their planes are I A and IB. Which is greater
IA or IB?
7. Two identical cylinders ‘run a race’ starting from rest at the top of inclined plane, one slides
without rolling and other rolls without slipping. Assuming that no mechanical energy is
dissipated in heat, which one will win?
8. Briefly explain motion of Centre of Mass of Earth Moon system.
9. Name the physical quantity corresponding to inertia in rotational motion. How is it calculated?
Give its units.
10. If earth were to shrink suddenly what would happen to the length of the day?
11. Prove the Kepler’s law, that the line joining the sun and the planet sweeps equal areas in equal
interval of time, using the angular momentum conservation with planet.
12. Two eggs of same size and appearance but one is boiled and another is raw. How will you
recognized them without breaking them?
13. The distance between the centres of carbon and oxygen atoms in Carbon Monoxide gas
molecules is 1.13Ȧ. Locate the centre of mass of the molecules relative to carbon atom.
14. Write the rotational analogue of the following physical quantities (a) Force (b) Mass.
15. What will be the effect on the duration of the day if whole ice on the poles melts?
1. Calculate the power required by a force to turn a rigid body by some angle ‘ɵ’.
2. How much fraction of the Kinetic Energy of rolling is purely (a) Translational (b) Rotational?
3. State and prove work energy theorem for rotational motion.
4. If there are ‘n’ particles of masses m 1, m2, ….mn distributed in space, write expressions for x, y
and z coordinates of Centre of Mass.
5. Three particles each of mass ‘m’ are placed at three corners of an equilateral triangle of length
‘l’. Find the position of centre of mass in terms of coordinates.
6. Find moment of inertia of a thin rod about an axis perpendicular to it and passing through its
mid-point.
7. Establish a relation between angular momentum and moment of inertia of a rigid body. Define
moment of inertia in terms of it.
8. Torques of equal magnitude is applied to a hollow cylinder and solid sphere, both having the
same mass and radius. The cylinder is free to rotate about its standard axis of symmetry, and
the sphere is free to rotate about an axis passing through its centre. Which of the two will
acquire a greater angular speed after a given time?
9. A tube of length ‘l’ is filled with a liquid of density ‘ρ’. Find the force experienced at one of its
edge if rotated about the other edge with an angular velocity ω.
10.
1. Define Centre of Mass. State the need of determining Centre of Mass. Given a uniform circular
disc of mass M & radius R. A circular disc of radius R/2 is cut from it such that its circumference
touches the centre of given disc. Find the position of centre of mass of the remaining disc.
2. State the theorem of parallel & perpendicular axis of moment of Inertia. Moment of Inertia of a
uniform circular ring about an axis passing through its centre and perpendicular to the plane of
the ring is MR2, where M is the mass of the ring & R is its radius. Using these theorems
determine moment of Inertia of the ring about
(i) Any diameter of ring
(ii) Any tangent in the plane of the ring
(iii) Any tangent perpendicular to the plane of ring.
3. State the condition of equilibrium of a body. A body is constrained to rotate about Z-axis only.
State necessary conditions for the equilibrium of the body. Show that the torque required to
rotate the body is given by τz = xFy - yFx
4. State Law of conservation of Angular momentum. A disc of Moment of Inertia I 1 is rotating
about an axis with angular velocity ω 1, another disc of Moment of Inertia I 2 rotating with angular
velocity ω2 in the same sense are brought in contact, find the common angular velocity of the
system. Also find the loss in Kinetic Energy.
5. What do you mean by the rolling motion? A body is rolling on an inclined surface without
slipping. Show that the relation for acceleration of the body is given by
g Sinθ
a=
k 2 Where symbols have their usual meanings.
1+ 2
R
A ring and a Disc of same mass & radius are allowed to roll on an inclined, out of the two which
one will reach the bottom first?
6. Define angular velocity & angular acceleration. Also write their SI units. Derive all three
equations for uniformly accelerated rotational motion i.e.
(i) ω = ω0 + αt
1
(ii) ɵ = ω0t + αt2
2
(iii) ω2 = ω02 + 2αɵ
ω
1 1
K = MVcm2 + Icmω2 OR
2 2
1 k2
K = MVcm2(1+ 2 )
2 R
9. Define Torque and Angular momentum and establish relation between them. A flywheel of mass 500
Kg and diameter 1 m revolves about its axis. Its frequency of revolution is increased by 18 in 5 sec.
Calculate the torque required.
10. Define Moment of Inertia of rigid body. List out the factors on which it depends? Derive an
expression for (a) Kinetic Energy (b) Angular momentum (c) torque for a body having moment of inertia I
and angular velocity ω rotating about fixed axis.
GRAVITATION
1. State and explain the Kepler’s laws of planetary motion. Name the physical quantities which remain
constant during the planetary motion?
2. Find the potential energy of a system of four particles placed at the vertices of a square of side l. Also
obtain the potential at the centre of the square?
3. A 400kg satellite is in the circular orbit of radius 2R E about the earth. How much energy is required to
transfer it to a circular orbit of radius 4R E? What are the changes in the kinetic and potential energy?
4. Find the percentage decrease in the weight of a body when it is taken 16km below the surface of
earth. Take radius of earth as 6400km.
5. Find the height from the surface of earth at which weight of a body of mass m will be reduced by
36%of its weight on the surface. Take radius of earth as 6400km.
6. What do you mean by intensity or strength of gravitational field? Prove that the intensity of
gravitational field of earth at any point is equal to acceleration due to gravity at that point.
7. What do you mean by acceleration due to gravity? Establish relation between g and G.
8. Find the expression of total energy of a satellite revolving around the surface of earth. What is the
significance of negative sign in the expression?
9. What are geostationary satellites? Calculate the height of the orbit of a geostationary satellite.
10. Calculate the escape speed for an atmospheric particle 1600 km above the earth’s surface, given
that the radius of the earth is 6400 km and acceleration due to gravity on the surface of earth is 9.8 ms -2.
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTION (OF FIVE MARKS)
1. Define escape velocity. Derive an expression for the escape velocity of an object from the surface of
the earth. Does it depend on the location from where the object is projected?
2. What do you mean by acceleration due to gravity? Discuss its variation with depth and height.
3. What do you mean by gravitational potential energy of a body? Derive an expression for the
gravitational potential energy of a body of mass m located at a distance r from centre of the earth?
4. Define orbital velocity and time period of a Satellite. Derive an expression for orbital velocity and time
period of a Satellite orbiting very close to the surface of Earth and hence find the ratio of the orbital
velocity and escape velocity?
5. State Kepler’s laws of planetary motion and hence deduce Newton’s law of gravitation from Kepler’s
law of periods.
Q2.Young’s modulus of wire of length L and radius r is Y. If the length is reduced to L/2 and radius to r/4,
what will be its Young’s modulus?
Q7.Why is it difficult to stop bleeding from a cut in human body at high altitudes?
Q10. A small sphere is dropped from rest into a viscous liquid. Draw its velocity time graph, also indicate
the terminal velocity on the graph.
Q11. Write down the following liquids in increasing order of surface tension:
Q13. Explain why the blood pressure in humans is greater at the feet than at the brain?
Q14. What is the range for Reynolds number for the streamline motion of liquid?
Q15. Why do the boat moving parallel to each other attract each other?
2 Marks Questions
Q2 On the basis of stress-strain curve differentiate between ductile and brittle material.
Q4 What do you mean by compressibility. Why are solids least compressible and gases most .
Q6 At what speed will the velocity head of steam of water be equal to 40cm
Q7 Can Bernoulli’s equation be used to describe the rapid flow of water through a river ? Explain.
Q8 why does an object entering the earth’s atmosphere at high speed catch fire.
Q9 Define angle of contact of a liquid with a solid surface on what factors does it depend.
Q10 A square plate of 0.10m side moves parallel to another plate with a relative velocity of 0. 10m/s
both the plates being immersed in water, if the viscous force is 2×10 -3 N and coefficient of viscosity of
water is 1×10-3 Pascal sec. What is the separation between the two plates?
Q11. The spherical raindrops of equal size are falling vertically through air with a terminal velocity of o.1
m/s. what would be the terminal velocity if the drops were to coalesce to form a single large drop?
Q12. Define surface tension mathematically. What is its S. I. unit? Write its dimensional formula.
Q13. What is the total potential energy of a soap film formed on a frame of area 6×10 -4 m2 , given surface
tension of soap solution is 0.028N/m.
Q14. Water is depressed in a glass tube bore coated with paraffin wax. why?
Q15. A large soap bubble is formed at one end of a narrow bore tube and a small one at the other end.
Which one will grow at the expense of the other. Give reason too.
3 Marks Questions
Q1 State Pascal’s law . Using this law explain the working of hydraulic brakes
Q4 What is the pressure inside the drop of mercury of radius 3mm at room temperature surface tension
of mercury at that temperature is 4.65x10 -1 N/m atmosphere pressure 1.01x 105 pa. Also give the excess
pressure inside the drop.
Q5 (i) What is the largest average velocity of blood flow in an artery of radius 2x10 -3 m .if the flow must
remain laminar?
(1) Concrete beam used in large buildings have greater depth than breadth
(2) Load bearing bars are generally made in I sections.
(3) Pillar with distrusted ends is preferred over a pillar with rounded ends.
Q7 (i) explain the role of detergent in washing of clothes
Q8 A plane is in level flight at constant speed and each of its two wings has an area of 25m 2 if the speed
of air is 180km/h over the lower wing surface determine the plane’s mass take air density to be 1kg/m 3
and g=9.8m/s2.
Q9Write the Bernoulli theorem in terms of pressure head, gravitational head and velocity head . What
will be the expression for horizontal flow of liquid during a certain windstorm light roof may be blown
off?
5 Marks Questions
Q3. (a) Derive an expression for the excess pressure in a soap bubble.
(b) Explain what determines the shape of a a liquid meniscus in a narrow tube.
Q4. Discuss stress/ strain graph for a loaded steel wire and hence explain the following terms:
Q5. (a) Name a device used to measure the rate of flow of a liquid through a pipe.
(b) State the principle on which it works. ( c) Describe its construction and working.
Q6. (a) Establish the relation between surface tension and surface energy. (b) Two wires of diameter
0.25 cm one made of steel and the other made of brass are loaded as shown in the figure. The unloaded
length of steel wire is 1.5 m and that of brass is 1.0 m. Compute the elongation of the steel and the brass
wire.
1.5 m(steel)
4.0 kg
1.0 m(brass)
6.0 kg
2. Thermodynamics
1. Given Samples of 1 cm3 of Hydrogen and 1 cm3 of oxygen, both at N. T. P. which sample has a larger
number of molecules?
2. State the law of equi-partition of energy?
3. On what factors, does the average kinetic energy of gas molecules depend?
4. What is the relation between pressure and kinetic energy of gas?
5. Why is mercury used in making thermometers?
6. Show the variation of specific heat at constant pressure with temperature?
7. Two thermometers are constructed in the same way except that one has a spherical bulb and the
other an elongated cylindrical bulb. Which one will response quickly to temperature change?
8. Define triple point of water?
9. Why the clock pendulums are made of invar, a material of low value of coefficient of linear
expansion?
10. Why is temperature gradient required for flow of heat from one body to another?
11. If a body has infinite heat capacity? What does it signify?
12. Why is latent heat of vaporization of a material greater than that of latent heat of fusion?
13. Draw a P – V diagram for Liquid and gas at various temperatures showing critical point?
14. On a winter night, you feel warmer when clouds cover the sky than when sky is clear. Why?
15. If a body is heated from 270 C to 9270C then what will be the ratio of energies of radiation emitted?
16. If the temperature of the sun is doubled, the rate of energy received on each will increases by what
factor?
17. Can you design heat energy of 100% efficiency?
18. Draw a p – v diagram for isothermal and adiabatic expansion?
19. State zeroth law of thermodynamics?
20. Differentiate between isothermal and adiabatic process?
1. The earth without its atmosphere would be inhospitably cold. Explain Why?
2. Calculate the degree of freedom for monatomic, diatomic and triatomic gas?
3. A thermometer has wrong calibration. It reads the melting point of ice as – 100C. It reads 600C in
place of 500C. What is the temperature of boiling point of water on the scale?
4. If the volume of block of metal changes by 0.12% when it is heated through 200C. What is the co-
efficient of linear expansion of the metal?
5. A ball is dropped on a floor from a height of 2cm. After the collision, it rises up to a height of 1.5m.
Assuming that 40% of mechanical energy lost goes to thermal energy into the ball. Calculate the rise in
temperature of the ball in thecollision. Specific heat capacity of the ball is 800J/k. Take g = 10m/s2
6. A 0.20 Kg aluminum block at 800C is dropped in a copper calorimeter of mass 0.05 Kg containing 200
cm3 of ethyl alcohol at 200C. What is the final temperature of the mixture? Given Density of ethyl
alcohol = 0.81 g | cm3 ; specific heat of ethyl alcohol = 0.6 cal | g | 0C ; specific heat of copper = 0.094
cal |g | 0C, specific heat of Al = 0.22 cal | g | 0C?
7. Show that CP - CV = R Where [CP = specific heat at constant pressure; CV = specific heat at constant
volume and R = Universal Gas constant] for an ideal gas?
8. From what height should a piece of ice fall so that it completely melts? Only one – quarter of heat
produced is absorbed by the ice. Given latent heat of ice is 3.4 × 105 J | Kg and acceleration due to
gravity, g = 10m | s2?
9. Two rods A and B are of equal length. Each rod has its ends at temperatures T1 and T2. What is the
condition that will ensure equal rates of flow of heat through the rods A and B?
10. Animals in the forest find shelter from cold in holes in the snow. Why?
11. The tile floor feels colder than the wooden floor even though both floor materials are at same
temperature. Why?
12. A Carnot engine absorb 6×105 cal at 2270c calculate work done per cycle by the engine if it sink is at
1270c?
13.A refrigerator placed in a room at 300 K has inside temperature 264K. How many calories of heat
shall be delivered to the room for each 1 K cal of energy consumed by the refrigerator, ideally?
14. If the door of a refrigerator is kept open in a room, will it make the room warm or cool? Why?
15. State first law of thermodynamics and apply this law to isochoric and isobaric process.
1. If half mole of helium is contained in a container at S. T. P. How much heat energy is needed to double
the pressure of the gas, keeping the volume of the gas constant? Given specific heat of gas = 3J | g |K.
2. Five moles of an ideal gas are taken in a Carnot engine working between 1000C and 300C. The useful
work done in 1 cycle is 420J. Calculate the ratio of the volume of the gas at the end and beginning of the
isothermal expansion?
3. Calculate difference in efficiency of a Carnot energy working between:- 1) 400K and 350K 2) 350K
and 300K.
4. One kilogram molecule of a gas at 400k expands isothermally until its volume is doubled. Find the
amount of work done and heat produced?
5. How do you derive Newton’s law of cooling from Stefan’s law?
6. Define the terms reflectance, absorptance and transmittance. How are they related?
7. Differentiate between conduction, convection and radiation?
8. What is Mean free path? Derive an expression for it.
9. Derive an expression for work done during isothermal process.
Section D Each question carry five marks.
1.(a) What are the basic assumptions of kinetic theory of gases? On their basis derive an expression for
the pressure exerted by an ideal gas.
.(b)At what temp is r.m.s of an atom in an argon gas cylinder is equal to the rms speed of helium gas
atom at -20oC.Atomic mass of argon =39.9u and that of helium =4u. Hint v=(3RT/M) 1/2
2. (a) Prove that ɑ=β/2=γ/3.Where the symbols have their usual meanings in thermal expansion.
(b)Brass wire 1.8m long at 270C is held taut with little tension between two rigid supports. If the wire is
cooled to a temperature of -390C, what is the tension developed in the wire, if its diameter is 2.0mm?
Coefficient of linear expansion of brass is 2.0 X10 -50C-1,Youngs modulus of brass 0.91 X 1011Pa. Hint
∆l=lα(T2-T1),stress=strain x youngs modulus.
(1 marks questions)
1. Which of the following relationships between the acceleration ‘a’ and the displacement ‘x’ of a
particle involve simple harmonic motion?
(a) a=0.7x (b) a=-200x2 (c) a = -10x (d) a=100x 3
2. Can a motion be periodic and not simple harmonic? If your answer is yes, give an example and if
not, explain why?
3. A girl is swinging in the sitting position. How will the period of the swing change if she stands up?
4. The maximum velocity of a particle, executing S.H.M with amplitude of 7mm is 4.4 m/s. What is
the period of oscillation?
5. Why the longitudinal wave are also called pressure waves?
6. How does the frequency of a tuning fork change, when the temperature is increased?
7. An organ pipe emits a fundamental node of a frequency 128Hz. On blowing into it more strongly
it produces the first overtone of the frequency 384Hz. What is the type of pipe –Closed or Open?
8. All harmonic are overtones but all overtones are not harmonic. How?
9. What is the factor on which pitch of a sound depends?
10. Write the Newton’s formula of velocity of sound in air.
11. Write the necessary correction in Newton’s formula for speed of sound in air by Laplace?
12. Is speed of sound in air depends on pressure? Justify your answer?
13. Give expression for beat frequency?
14. State Doppler’s effect?
15. Why stationary waves are called standing waves?
16. Write the expression for fundamental frequency in an organ pipe open at one end?
17. Write the expression of displacement in plane progressive wave?
18. What is the phase difference between incident and reflected wave from the rigid and open
boundary?
19. Mention two applications of dopller’s effect?
20. What effect on the time period of simple pendulum when it taken to the moon ?
(2 Marks questions)
1. At what points is the energy entirely kinetic and potential in S.H.M? What is the total distance
travelled by a body executing S.H.M in a time equal to its time period, if its amplitude is A?
2. A simple pendulum consisting of an inextensible length ‘l’ and mass ‘m’ is oscillating in a stationary
lift. The lift then accelerates upwards with a constant acceleration of 4.5 m/s 2. Write expression for
the time period of simple pendulum in two cases. Does the time period increase, decrease or remain
the same, when lift is accelerated upwards?
3. Does the function y = sin2ωt represent a periodic or a S.H.M? What is period of motion?
4. All trigonometric functions are periodic, but only sine or cosine functions are used to define SHM.
Why?
d2 x
5. A simple Harmonic Motion is represented by +αx = 0. What is its time period?
d t2
6. The Length of a simple pendulum executing SHM is increased by 2.1%. What is the percentage
increase in the time period of the pendulum of increased length?
7. A simple Harmonic motion has an amplitude A and time period T. What is the time taken to travel
from x = A to x = A/2.
8. An open organ pipe produces a note of frequency 5/2 Hz at 15 0C, calculate the length of pipe.
Velocity of sound at 00C is 335 m/s.
9. An incident wave is represented by Y(x, t)=20sin(2x-4t).Write the expression for reflected wave
(i) From a rigid boundary
(ii) From an open boundary.
10. Explain why
(i) in a sound wave a displacement node is a pressure antinode and vice- versa
(ii) The shape of pulse gets- distorted during propagation in a dispersive
medium.
11. Derive an expression for apparent frequency when a source of sound approaches stationary observer
with velocity Vs.
13. prove that beat frequency is the difference of individual frequency of components waves.
(3 Marks Questions)
1. The speed of longitudinal wave `V` in a given medium of density ρ is given by the formula, use this
formula to explain why the speed of sound in air.
(a) is independent at pressure
(b) increases with temperature and
(c) increases with humidity
respectively.
5. The equation of a plane progressive wave is, y=10 sin 2 π ( t−0.005 x )where y & x are in cm & t in
second. Calculate the amplitude, frequency, wavelength & velocity of the wave.
Amplitude = 0.01m
Frequency = 600Hz
π
Initial phase =
6
7. The amplitude of oscillations of two similar pendulums similar in all respect are 2cm & 5cm
respectively. Find the ratio of their energies of oscillations.
E1
Ans. =¿
E2
8. What is the condition to be satisfied by a mathematical relation between time and displacement to
describe a periodic motion?
9. A spring of force constant 1200N/m is mounted horizontal table. A mass of 3Kg is attached to the free
end of the spring, pulled sideways to a distance of 2.0cm and released.
10. Which of the following function of time represent, (a) simple harmonic (b) periodic but not SHM and
(c) non periodic ?
π
(i) Sinω t- Cosω t (ii) sin3 ωt (iii) 3 cos ( −2 ωt) (iv)exp (−ω 2 t 2)
2
(5 Marks Questions)
1. (a) A light wave is reflected from a mirror. The incident & reflected wave superimpose to form
stationary waves. But no nodes & antinodes are seen, why?
2. Discuss Newton’s formula for velocity of sound in air. What correction was made to it by Laplace and
why?
3. (a) What are beats? Prove that the number of beats per second is equal to the difference between
the frequencies of the two superimposing wave.
(b) Draw fundamental nodes of vibration of stationary wave in (i) closed pipe, (ii) in an open pipe.
4. Discuss the formation of harmonics in a stretched string. Show that in case of a stretched string the
first four harmonics are in the ratio 1:2:3:4.
5. Explain Doppler’s effect of sound. Derive an expression for the apparent frequency where the source
and observer are moving in the same direction with velocity Vs and Vo respectively, with source
following the observer.
6. For a travelling harmonic wave, y=2cos (10 t−0.008 x+ 0.35) where x & y are in cm and t in
second. What is the phase difference between oscillatory motions at two points separated by a distance
λ 3λ
of (i) 4cm (ii) 0.5m (iii) ( iv ) ?
2 4
7. (i) A steel rod 100 cm long is clamped at its middle. The fundamental frequency of longitudinal
vibrations of the rod is given to be 2.53 kHz. What is the speed of sound in steel?
(ii) A pipe 20 cm long is closed at one end. Which harmonic mode of the pipe is resonantly exited
by a 430 Hz source? Will this same source be in resonance with the pipe if both ends are open?
(Speed of sound = 340 m/s).
9. What is a spring factor? Derive the expression for resultant spring constant when two springs having
constants k1 and k2are connected in (i) parallel and (ii) in series.
10. Show that for a particle in linear S.H.M., the average kinetic energy over a period of oscillation is
equal to the average potential energy over the same period. At what distance from the mean
position is the kinetic energy in simple harmonic oscillator equal potential energy?
1. Kanha visited his village during the holidays. One day he went for a morning walk. He saw a person
trying to push a cart, but was not in a position to do so because of the muddy field. Kanha asked him for
his help. He spread some pieces of stones along with the person, below the wheel cart. The wheel of the
cart came out of the mud with his effort.
2. One day Ram visited a nearby book shop along with his father to purchase some fiction. His father
opened the book and started to read the preface of the book, in the meanwhile Ram observed that his
father was unable to read the book properly. He requested his father to visit the nearby eye clinic and
get checked his eyesight .Next day Ram along with his father visited the eye clinic, where doctor advised
him to put on the spectacles of power 2.5D.
3. Mr. David started ice skating recently under the guidance of Mr. Franklin. On the very first day Mr.
David held the dumbles in his hands and started spinning on an ice track. Suddenly he fell down and got
injured, Mr. Franklin quickly rushed toward him and carried him to a nearby hospital for the further
treatment.
(i)What values were shown by Mr. Franklin. (ii) Why Mr. David fell down.
4. Pinki along with grand father went to a nearby park for morning walk on a Sunday morning. There she
saw a swing and requested her grandfather to swing herself. Her grandfather was pushing the swing and
after some time he got tired and set down in the nearby bench. Pinki stands in the running swing due to
which the speed and hence the amplitude of vibration of the swing increased by large amount, and Pinki
started crying. After seeing this, a boy walking there rushed toward the swing and advised her to sit
down in the swing. Now the swing started to swing with the lower speed and seeing this Pinki stopped
crying.
(ii) What is the cause of the change in the speed of the swing?
5. Three friends went to a hill station to celebrate the eve of New Year. The younger was making a
phone call and get separated from his friends. He shouted loudly naming his friends .He observed that
somebody was copying him and shouting the same words. He started crying, and got depressed and
terrified. After some time his friends reached there , seeing his condition they sprinkled some water on
his face and asked him about the mis happening occurred. His friend told him that the sound heard by
him was nothing but an echo.