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    Valency Ions

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    Mojdeh Anbarfam
    Valence electrons are found in an atom's outer electron shell and determine its bonding properties. An atom's valency refers to the number of valence electrons it can gain, lose, or share to achieve stability. Ions are formed when atoms gain or lose electrons to achieve an octet of electrons. For example, lithium (Li) forms Li+ by losing one electron, while nitrogen (N) forms N3- by gaining three electrons. The charge of the ion indicates the number of electrons lost or gained.

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    Valency Ions

    Uploaded by

    Mojdeh Anbarfam
    85 views14 pages
    Valence electrons are found in an atom's outer electron shell and determine its bonding properties. An atom's valency refers to the number of valence electrons it can gain, lose, or share to achieve stability. Ions are formed when atoms gain or lose electrons to achieve an octet of electrons. For example, lithium (Li) forms Li+ by losing one electron, while nitrogen (N) forms N3- by gaining three electrons. The charge of the ion indicates the number of electrons lost or gained.

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    Valence electrons are found in an atom's outer electron shell and determine its bonding properties. An atom's valency refers to the number of valence electrons it can gain, lose, or share to achieve stability. Ions are formed when atoms gain or lose electrons to achieve an octet of electrons. For example, lithium (Li) forms Li+ by losing one electron, while nitrogen (N) forms N3- by gaining three electrons. The charge of the ion indicates the number of electrons lost or gained.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    85 views14 pages

    Valency Ions

    Uploaded by

    Mojdeh Anbarfam
    Valence electrons are found in an atom's outer electron shell and determine its bonding properties. An atom's valency refers to the number of valence electrons it can gain, lose, or share to achieve stability. Ions are formed when atoms gain or lose electrons to achieve an octet of electrons. For example, lithium (Li) forms Li+ by losing one electron, while nitrogen (N) forms N3- by gaining three electrons. The charge of the ion indicates the number of electrons lost or gained.

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    of 14

    Atoms

    Ions
    What is valence electron and valency of the atom?
    The outer energy level of any atom is valence shell.
    The electrons in the outer level of any atom are valence electrons.
    The number of the electrons which can be given away, taken in or shared with
    other atoms is defined as valency.

    Valency is the power of bonding of an atom.

    Valence shell

    Valence e̅
    What are ions and how they are formed?

    Except for the elements in group 8, other atoms are not either doublet or octet.
    To reach to that stability there are three ways for the atoms:
    Losing valence electrons
    Gaining electrons from other atoms
    Share some of valence electrons
    What are ions and how they are formed?
    If the atom looses electron, one or more protons remain unbalanced and
    the atom feels positive.

    7
    3𝐿𝑖: p+ e‾ p+ e‾
    𝑏𝑦 𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑛
    p+ e‾ p+ e‾
    X
    p+ e‾ p+
    feels one positive charge
    Li atom Li+ ion
    What are ions and how they are formed?
    If the atom gains electron, one or more electrons remain unbalanced and
    the atom feels negative.
    14
    7 𝑁: p+ e‾ p + e‾ p+ e‾ p+ e‾
    p+ e‾ p+ e‾ p+ e‾ p+ e‾
    p+ e‾ p+ e‾ p+ e‾ p+ e‾
    𝑏𝑦 𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔 3 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑛𝑠
    p+ e‾ p+ e‾ e‾
    e‾
    N atom N3‾ ion e‾
    feels 3 negative charges
    Example: Formation of Ion with +1 Charge
    Example: Formation of Ion with +2 Charge
    Example: Formation of Ion with +3 Charge
    Example: Formation of Negative Ions of -1 Charge
    Example: Formation of Negative Ions of -2 Charge
    1+ 2+ charges of the ion 0
    3+ 4± 3- 2- 1-
    1 2 valency of the atom 0
    3 4 3 2 1
    Conclusion
    Valency of elements in G-1 to G-3: no. of the group
    Valency of elements in G-4 to G-8: 8 – no. of the group

    No. of group G-1 G-2 G-3 G-4 G-5 G-6 G-7 G-8
    Valence
    Electrons
    1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0

    Ions that
    is formed
    1+ 2+ 3+ 4± 3- 2- 1- 0

    valency
    1 2 3 4 3 2 1 0
    8–5 8–6 8–7 8–8

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